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The charge distribution has been determined by multipole refinements against single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. In the refinements a comparison was made between the densities based on H-atom parameters from X-ray and neutron data, respectively. X-ray study: λ(Mo ) = 0.71073 Å, F(000) = 408; at 30 K: R(F) = 0.015 for 6686 reflections; at 295 K: R(F) = 0.022 for 4630 reflections. The nickel ion is octahedrally surrounded by four water molecules and two chloride ions, forming a locally neutral Ni(H2O)4Cl2 complex. Two of the water molecules are coordinated to nickel approximately in one of the tetrahedral (`lone-pair') directions; the other two are trigonally coordinated. At 30 K one H atom in one of the trigonally coordinated water molecules is disordered, with equal occupation of two different positions. Owing to the polarizing influence of the nickel ion there are two peaks in the lone-pair plane of the water molecules when these are tetrahedrally coordinated; for those trigonally coordinated there is just one peak. The individual (`partial') charge densities, calculated from the deformation functions of only nickel or the separate water molecules, have also been calculated to study the effects of superposition of the individual densities. In the individual density of nickel an excess is observed in the diagonal directions and a deficiency in the ligand directions. However, owing to the influence of the whole crystalline environment, the maxima around nickel are not found in the planes defined by nickel and the six ligands.

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Contains datablocks text, 1, 2, 3, 4

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Supplementary material

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Supplementary material

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Structure factor file (SHELXL table format)
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sft

Structure factor file (SHELXL table format)
Supplementary material

Computing details top

Data collection: STOE 4-circle Diffractometer Control Program for (1), (3); Diffractometer Control Program D9 for (2), (4). Cell refinement: STOE 4-circle Diffractometer Control Program for (1), (3); Diffractometer Control Program D9 for (2), (4). Data reduction: DATRED Lundgren (1982) for (1), (3); Wilkinson, Khamis, Stansfield & McIntyre (1988) for (2), (4). For all compounds, program(s) used to refine structure: UPALS Lundgren (1982).

(1) top
Crystal data top
Cl2Ni·4(H2O)Z = 4
Mr = 201.7Dx = 2.240 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 20 reflections
a = 5.985 (3) Åθ = 15–25°
b = 9.291 (5) ŵ = 4.05 mm1
c = 10.931 (6) ÅT = 295 K
β = 100.32 (3)°Prism with 21 faces, light green
V = 598 (1) Å30.23 × 0.20 × 0.09 mm
Data collection top
Stoe four-circle
diffractometer
Rint = 0.024
ω–2θ scansθmax = 50.8°
Absorption correction: gaussian
(Coppens, Leiserowitz & Rabinovich, 1965)
h = 613
Tmin = 0.481, Tmax = 0.564k = 020
6710 measured reflectionsl = 2323
6137 independent reflections6 standard reflections every 240 min
4630 reflections with Fo2 > 3σ(Fo2) intensity decay: none
Refinement top
Refinement on F2w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + k2Fo4]
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028(Δ/σ)max = 0.005
wR(F2) = 0.0341Δρmax = 0.15 e Å3
S = 1.31Δρmin = 0.15 e Å3
4630 reflectionsExtinction correction: Gaussian type I isotropic (Becker & Coppens, 1974, 1975)
164 parametersExtinction coefficient: 4.92E4
H atoms:placed at positions found by neutron diffraction, see text
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Ni0.01357 (2)0.16902 (1)0.26396 (1)0.0144 (1)
Cl10.02924 (2)0.36300 (2)0.12066 (1)0.0207 (1)
Cl20.09642 (2)0.30579 (2)0.42923 (1)0.0227 (1)
O10.34593 (11)0.22553 (6)0.33707 (5)0.0208 (2)
O20.32321 (8)0.11558 (6)0.19534 (7)0.0202 (3)
O30.12495 (11)0.04131 (7)0.13162 (6)0.0286 (4)
O40.03767 (9)0.01607 (9)0.36810 (6)0.0283 (3)
H410.178 (2)0.064 (2)0.388 (1)0.053 (5)
H420.086 (3)0.057 (2)0.393 (1)0.112 (11)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ni0.01329 (5)0.01487 (5)0.01521 (5)0.00012 (4)0.00292 (3)0.00014 (5)
Cl10.02421 (8)0.01902 (7)0.01909 (7)0.00090 (4)0.00308 (4)0.00318 (5)
Cl20.02446 (8)0.02470 (8)0.01900 (7)0.00333 (5)0.00526 (5)0.00395 (5)
O10.0152 (2)0.0272 (3)0.0201 (2)0.0001 (2)0.0020 (2)0.0021 (2)
O20.0171 (2)0.0206 (2)0.0229 (2)0.0027 (2)0.0008 (2)0.0006 (2)
O30.0359 (4)0.0232 (3)0.0269 (3)0.0035 (2)0.0145 (3)0.0018 (2)
O40.0237 (3)0.0245 (3)0.0368 (4)0.0038 (2)0.0080 (2)0.0132 (3)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Ni—O12.074 (1)O1—H120.889 (8)
Ni—O22.081 (1)O2—H210.951 (8)
Ni—O32.071 (1)O2—H220.959 (8)
Ni—O42.053 (1)O3—H310.931 (9)
Ni—Cl12.371 (1)O3—H320.957 (9)
Ni—Cl22.395 (1)O4—H410.945 (9)
O1—H110.974 (8)O4—H420.921 (17)
Ni···Nii5.985 (3)Ni···Niv5.593 (3)
Ni···Niii5.985 (3)Ni···Nivi5.593 (3)
Ni···Niiii5.935 (3)Ni···Nivii5.477 (3)
Ni···Niiv5.935 (3)Ni···Nivi5.477 (3)
O1—Ni—O2178.18 (3)Cl1—Ni—Cl294.77 (4)
O1—Ni—O390.44 (4)Cl1—Ni—O389.10 (4)
O1—Ni—O491.79 (3)Cl2—Ni—O491.60 (4)
O1—Ni—Cl192.56 (3)Nii—Ni—Niii180
O1—Ni—Cl287.10 (3)Nii—Ni—Niiv109.83 (3)
O2—Ni—O391.36 (4)Nii—Ni—Niv56.34 (2)
O2—Ni—O488.13 (3)Nii—Ni—Nivi121.78 (2)
O3—Ni—O484.72 (4)Nii—Ni—Niviii56.34 (2)
O2—Ni—Cl187.71 (3)Nii—Ni—Nivii121.78 (2)
O2—Ni—Cl291.10 (4)Nii—Ni—Niiii70.17 (3)
Cl1—Ni—O4172.47 (2)Nivi—Ni—Niviii173.51 (1)
Cl2—Ni—O3175.49 (2)Nivii—Ni—Niv173.51 (1)
Symmetry codes: (i) x1, y, z; (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) x1/2, y+1/2, z1/2; (iv) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (v) x1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (vi) x+1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (vii) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (viii) x1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H11···Cl1iv2.19 (1)3.165 (2)176 (1)
O1—H12···O2ii2.02 (1)2.909 (1)174 (1)
O2—H21···Cl2vi2.27 (1)3.157 (2)154 (1)
O2—H22···Cl2iii2.30 (1)3.184 (1)153 (1)
O3—H31···Cl2ix2.40 (1)3.319 (1)170 (1)
O3—H32···O1vi2.02 (1)2.955 (2)167 (1)
O4—H41···Cl1vi2.22 (1)3.131 (2)161 (1)
O4—H42···Cl1v2.39 (2)3.266 (2)158 (1.3)
Symmetry codes: (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) x1/2, y+1/2, z1/2; (iv) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (v) x1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (vi) x+1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (ix) x+3/2, y1/2, z+1/2.
(2) top
Crystal data top
Cl2Ni·4(H2O)Z = 4
Mr = 201.7Dx = 2.211 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nNeutron radiation, λ = 0.8405 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 175 reflections
a = 6.006 (3) Åθ = 3–40°
b = 9.338 (5) ŵ = 0.24 mm1
c = 10.986 (5) ÅT = 295 K
β = 100.45 (3)°Prism 10 faces, light green
V = 606 (1) Å34.0 × 2.0 × 1.7 mm
Data collection top
D9
diffractometer
θmax = 40°
ω–xθ scansh = 09
Absorption correction: gaussian
(Coppens, Leiserowitz & Rabinovich, 1965)
k = 014
Tmin = 0.644, Tmax = 0.738l = 1616
2292 measured reflections1 standard reflections every 120 min
2292 independent reflections intensity decay: none
2237 reflections with unaffected by pyrasite peaks
Refinement top
Refinement on F2H atoms refined
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.18w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + k2Fo4]
wR(F2) = 0.17(Δ/σ)max = 0.03
S = 2.34Extinction correction: no correction
2237 reflectionsExtinction coefficient: 0
136 parameters
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Ni0.0139 (3)0.1694 (2)0.2639 (2)0.019 (1)
Cl10.0288 (4)0.3625 (2)0.1208 (2)0.024 (1)
Cl20.0949 (4)0.3053 (2)0.4292 (2)0.028 (1)
O10.3513 (7)0.2252 (4)0.3366 (4)0.026 (2)
O20.3244 (7)0.1164 (4)0.1953 (4)0.026 (2)
O30.1225 (8)0.0419 (5)0.1315 (4)0.035 (2)
O40.0358 (8)0.0174 (5)0.3672 (4)0.033 (2)
H110.387 (2)0.194 (2)0.423 (1)0.050 (4)
H120.454 (2)0.192 (2)0.299 (1)0.051 (5)
H210.360 (1)0.152 (3)0.113 (1)0.056 (5)
H220.346 (1)0.014 (2)0.187 (1)0.053 (5)
H310.192 (1)0.076 (3)0.067 (1)0.057 (5)
H320.159 (2)0.058 (2)0.146 (1)0.051 (5)
H410.178 (2)0.064 (2)0.388 (1)0.053 (5)
H420.086 (3)0.057 (2)0.393 (1)0.112 (11)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ni0.016 (1)0.020 (1)0.020 (1)0.000 (1)0.004 (1)0.000 (1)
Cl10.028 (1)0.024 (1)0.021 (1)0.002 (1)0.001 (1)0.002 (1)
Cl20.034 (1)0.028 (1)0.021 (1)0.005 (1)0.003 (1)0.004 (1)
O10.027 (2)0.027 (2)0.025 (2)0.004 (1)0.004 (1)0.005 (1)
O20.028 (2)0.022 (2)0.026 (2)0.004 (1)0.001 (1)0.002 (1)
O30.046 (2)0.032 (2)0.026 (2)0.006 (2)0.006 (2)0.004 (2)
O40.029 (2)0.033 (2)0.036 (2)0.004 (2)0.006 (2)0.009 (2)
H110.070 (5)0.046 (4)0.033 (4)0.005 (4)0.001 (3)0.005 (3)
H120.045 (5)0.075 (6)0.033 (4)0.004 (4)0.000 (3)0.003 (4)
H210.052 (5)0.078 (7)0.036 (4)0.002 (4)0.000 (3)0.009 (4)
H220.035 (4)0.030 (4)0.093 (7)0.008 (3)0.009 (4)0.003 (4)
H310.044 (5)0.071 (6)0.055 (5)0.001 (4)0.021 (4)0.004 (4)
H320.057 (5)0.038 (4)0.059 (5)0.014 (4)0.006 (4)0.004 (4)
H410.047 (5)0.046 (4)0.065 (5)0.018 (4)0.001 (4)0.013 (4)
H420.153 (15)0.052 (6)0.131 (13)0.002 (7)0.087 (12)0.036 (7)
(3) top
Crystal data top
Cl2Ni·4(H2O)Z = 4
Mr = 201.7Dx = 2.260 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 20 reflections
a = 5.961 (3) Åθ = 15–25°
b = 9.273 (5) ŵ = 4.09 mm1
c = 10.891 (7) ÅT = 30 K
β = 100.02 (5)°Prism with 9 faces, light green
V = 593 (1) Å30.21 × 0.20 × 0.08 mm
Data collection top
Huber-Aracor 400 mm diameter four-circle
diffractometer
Rint = 0.019
ω–2θ scansθmax = 52.6°
Absorption correction: gaussian
(Coppens, Leiserowitz & Rabinovich, 1965)
h = 1313
Tmin = 0.430, Tmax = 0.635k = 2020
7534 measured reflectionsl = 524
6686 independent reflections6 standard reflections every 240 min
6686 reflections with Fo2 > 3σ(Fo2) intensity decay: none
Refinement top
Refinement on F2w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + k2Fo4]
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.022(Δ/σ)max = 0.006
wR(F2) = 0.0327Δρmax = 0.15 e Å3
S = 1.42Δρmin = 0.15 e Å3
6686 reflectionsExtinction correction: Gaussian type I isotropic (Becker & Coppens, 1974, 1975)
164 parametersExtinction coefficient: 1.11E3
H atoms:placed at positions found by neutron diffraction, see text
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Ni0.01461 (1)0.16986 (1)0.26586 (1)0.00333 (2)
Cl10.02658 (2)0.36338 (1)0.12080 (1)0.00779 (4)
Cl20.09570 (2)0.31012 (1)0.43076 (1)0.00556 (4)
O10.34847 (7)0.22745 (4)0.33802 (3)0.0067 (1)
O20.32509 (6)0.11736 (4)0.19799 (4)0.0070 (1)
O30.12182 (7)0.03982 (4)0.13301 (4)0.0084 (1)
O40.03855 (6)0.01465 (5)0.37314 (4)0.0097 (1)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ni0.00305 (2)0.00317 (2)0.00377 (2)0.00001 (2)0.00074 (2)0.00002 (2)
Cl10.01344 (5)0.00453 (3)0.00542 (3)0.00101 (3)0.00170 (3)0.00047 (3)
Cl20.00585 (4)0.00535 (3)0.00550 (3)0.00076 (2)0.00154 (3)0.00050 (3)
O10.0047 (1)0.0084 (1)0.0068 (1)0.0001 (1)0.0009 (1)0.0006 (1)
O20.0054 (1)0.0071 (1)0.0084 (1)0.0007 (1)0.0006 (1)0.0014 (1)
O30.0101 (1)0.0067 (1)0.0084 (1)0.0008 (1)0.0043 (1)0.0005 (1)
O40.0069 (1)0.0074 (1)0.0149 (2)0.0003 (1)0.0007 (1)0.0049 (1)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Ni—O12.078 (1)O1—H110.992 (7)
Ni—O22.089 (1)O1—H120.985 (8)
Ni—O32.068 (1)O2—H210.972 (8)
Ni—O42.063 (1)O2—H220.976 (8)
Ni—Cl12.375 (1)O3—H310.981 (8)
Ni—Cl22.400 (1)O3—H320.970 (8)
Ni···Nii5.961 (2)Ni···Niv5.585 (2)
Ni···Niii5.961 (2)Ni···Nivi5.585 (2)
Ni···Niiii5.924 (2)Ni···Nivii5.461 (2)
Ni···Niiv5.924 (2)Ni···Nivi5.461 (2)
O1—Ni—O2177.86 (2)Cl1—Ni—Cl294.49 (4)
O1—Ni—O391.27 (4)H11—O1—H12103.4 (7)
O1—Ni—O491.81 (4)H21—O2—H22102.6 (8)
O1—Ni—Cl192.23 (4)H31—O3—H32108.9 (7)
O1—Ni—Cl286.95 (4)Nii—Ni—Niii180
O2—Ni—O390.86 (4)Nii—Ni—Niiv110.07 (5)
O2—Ni—O488.53 (4)Nii—Ni—Niv56.35 (2)
O3—Ni—O485.03 (5)Nii—Ni—Nivi121.66 (2)
O2—Ni—Cl187.64 (4)Nii—Ni—Niviii56.35 (2)
O2—Ni—Cl290.92 (4)Nii—Ni—Nivii121.66 (2)
Cl1—Ni—O4172.93 (1)Nii—Ni—Niiii69.93 (5)
Cl2—Ni—O3176.07 (2)Nivi—Ni—Niviii172.66 (1)
Cl1—Ni—O389.08 (5)Nivii—Ni—Niv172.66 (1)
Cl2—Ni—O491.52 (4)
Symmetry codes: (i) x1, y, z; (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) x1/2, y+1/2, z1/2; (iv) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (v) x1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (vi) x+1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (vii) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (viii) x1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AH···AD···AD—H···A
O1—H11···Cl1iv2.17 (1)3.154 (2)174 (1)
O1—H12···O2ii1.88 (1)2.861 (1)174 (1)
O2—H21···Cl2vi2.22 (1)3.145 (2)159 (1)
O2—H22···Cl2iii2.28 (1)3.174 (1)153 (1)
O3—H31···Cl2ix2.34 (1)3.304 (2)169 (1)
O3—H32···O1vi1.96 (1)2.916 (2)169 (1)
O4—H41···Cl1vi2.20 (1)3.111 (1)165 (1)
O4—H421···Cl1v2.33 (3)3.266 (2)163 (2)
O4—H422···O4x2.02 (3)2.893 (2)157 (2)
Symmetry codes: (ii) x+1, y, z; (iii) x1/2, y+1/2, z1/2; (iv) x+1/2, y+1/2, z+1/2; (v) x1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (vi) x+1/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (ix) x+3/2, y1/2, z+1/2; (x) x, y, z+1.
(4) top
Crystal data top
Cl2Ni·4(H2O)Z = 4
Mr = 201.7Dx = 2.254 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/nNeutron radiation, λ = 0.8405 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ynCell parameters from 233 reflections
a = 5.968 (2) Åθ = 3–40°
b = 9.283 (3) ŵ = 0.24 mm1
c = 10.897 (3) ÅT = 30 K
β = 100.08 (2)°Prism 10 faces, light green
V = 594 (1) Å34.0 × 2.0 × 1.7 mm
Data collection top
D9 four-circle
diffractometer
θmax = 40°
ω–xθ scansh = 09
Absorption correction: gaussian
(Coppens, Leiserowitz & Rabinovich, 1965)
k = 014
Tmin = 0.681, Tmax = 0.748l = 1616
1566 measured reflections1 standard reflections every 120 min
1566 independent reflections intensity decay: none
1503 reflections with unaffected by parasite peaks
Refinement top
Refinement on F2H atoms refined
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.126w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + k2Fo4]
wR(F2) = 0.142(Δ/σ)max = 0.03
S = 2.99Extinction correction: no correction
1503 reflectionsExtinction coefficient: 0
136 parameters
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Ni0.0144 (4)0.1700 (2)0.2660 (2)0.005 (1)
Cl10.0260 (4)0.3635 (2)0.1209 (2)0.009 (1)
Cl20.0948 (4)0.3101 (2)0.4312 (2)0.007 (1)
O10.3499 (7)0.2281 (4)0.3385 (3)0.008 (2)
O20.3263 (7)0.1170 (4)0.1987 (3)0.009 (2)
O30.1210 (7)0.0400 (4)0.1333 (3)0.008 (2)
O40.0405 (10)0.0164 (4)0.3739 (3)0.011 (2)
H110.399 (1)0.199 (1)0.426 (1)0.028 (4)
H120.468 (1)0.188 (1)0.296 (1)0.019 (3)
H210.375 (2)0.154 (1)0.114 (1)0.038 (5)
H220.352 (2)0.014 (1)0.187 (1)0.036 (4)
H310.192 (2)0.076 (1)0.064 (1)0.032 (4)
H320.153 (2)0.062 (1)0.143 (1)0.032 (4)
H410.175 (2)0.065 (1)0.383 (1)0.035 (5)
H4210.097 (4)0.070 (2)0.376 (2)0.037 (13)0.52 (5)
H4220.019 (4)0.021 (2)0.446 (2)0.027 (12)0.48 (5)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Ni0.005 (1)0.006 (1)0.004 (1)0.000 (1)0.000 (1)0.001 (1)
Cl10.015 (1)0.006 (1)0.005 (1)0.002 (1)0.001 (1)0.001 (1)
Cl20.010 (1)0.007 (1)0.004 (1)0.001 (1)0.002 (1)0.001 (1)
O10.006 (2)0.011 (2)0.006 (1)0.001 (2)0.000 (2)0.002 (1)
O20.010 (2)0.008 (2)0.009 (1)0.003 (2)0.000 (2)0.002 (1)
O30.011 (2)0.007 (2)0.006 (1)0.003 (2)0.002 (2)0.001 (1)
O40.009 (2)0.011 (2)0.013 (2)0.002 (2)0.003 (2)0.006 (1)
H110.045 (5)0.025 (3)0.013 (3)0.004 (4)0.001 (3)0.002 (2)
H120.014 (4)0.034 (4)0.009 (3)0.004 (3)0.001 (3)0.011 (2)
H210.038 (5)0.060 (6)0.018 (3)0.006 (5)0.003 (3)0.007 (3)
H220.032 (5)0.011 (3)0.065 (5)0.004 (4)0.003 (4)0.007 (3)
H310.046 (6)0.029 (4)0.021 (3)0.003 (4)0.022 (4)0.006 (3)
H320.045 (5)0.018 (3)0.032 (3)0.005 (4)0.012 (4)0.006 (3)
H410.048 (6)0.023 (4)0.035 (4)0.013 (4)0.005 (4)0.002 (3)
H4210.034 (14)0.021 (9)0.056 (16)0.012 (9)0.011 (10)0.015 (9)
H4220.021 (11)0.027 (9)0.035 (14)0.000 (8)0.008 (10)0.001 (8)
 
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