Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807018909/gk2066sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807018909/gk2066Iasup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 642552
The title compound, (Ia), was synthesized in 29% total yield by the literature method (Pu, Yang et al., 2005) using 5-n-butyl-thiophene- 2-carbaldehyde as the start material. Crystal suitable for X-ray analysis were grown from a solution (diethyl ether/hexane 1/3) by slow evaporation at room temperature (m.p. 403 K).
All H atoms were placed in calculated positions, with C—H distances of 0.93 Å (aromatic), 0.97 Å (CH2) and 0.96 Å (CH3). They were included in the refinement in the riding model approximation with isotropic displacement parameters set equal to 1.2Ueq of the carrier atom for the aromatic_H, and 1.5Ueq of the carrier for CH3.
Photochromic diarylethenes have attracted considerable attention for their possible application in optical recording and photoswitches (Irie, 2000; Tian & Yang, 2004). For further background information, see Pu, Liu et al. (2005). In the present work, the title photochromic diarylethene, (Ia), was synthesized, and its structure is presented here. Previously, we have reported the structure of the 2-methyl, (II), and 2-ethyl analog, (III), of this compound (Pu et al., 2003; Pu, Yang et al., 2005). In order to investigate the substituent effect at the 2-position of the thiophene on the photochemical properties, we have now determined the structure of (Ia).
The molecular structure of (Ia) is shown in Fig. 2. In the cyclopent-1-ene ring, the C13—C17 bond is clearly a double bond, while the other bonds in the ring are clearly single bonds (Table 1). The two thiophene rings are linked by the C13=C17 double bond. The two n-butyl groups are located on opposite sides of the double bond and are directed trans relative to the thiophene planes, as reflected in the torsion angles C3—C4—C9—C10 and C19—C18—C26—C27 (Table 1). The dihedral angle between the central cyclopent-1-ene ring and each adjacent thiophene ring are 57.9 (1)° for S1/C1—C4 and 51.2 (1)° for S2/C18—C21. The corresponding values in the methyl analog, (II), and that in the ethyl analog, (III), are 44.9° and 48.0 (2)°, respectively. This conformation leads to a C4—C18 separation of 3.475 (3) Å in (Ia) [compared with 3.589 Å in (II) and 3.642 (7) in (III)]. This distance is short enough, theoretically, for a ring-closure reaction to take place in the crystalline phase to generate compound (Ib) (see scheme), (Ramamurthy &Venkatesan, 1987; Shibata et al., 2002; Yamaguchi & Irie, 2006).
Crystals of (Ia) show photochromism in accordance with the expected ring closure, to form (Ib). Upon irradiation with 365 nm light, the colorless single crystals of (Ia) turned green quickly. When the green crystal was dissolved in dichloromethane, the solution also showed a green color, with an absorption maximum at 772 nm, consistent with the presence of the closed-ring isomer, (Ib). Upon irradiation with visible light with wavelength greater than 510 nm, the green crystal can return to its initial colorless state, and the absorption spectrum of the dichloromethane solution containing the colorless crystal is the same as that of solution of the open-ring form, (Ia), with the absorption maximum at 366 nm.
For related literature, see: Irie (2000); Pu et al. (2003); Pu, Liu, Chen & Xu (2005); Pu, Yang, Wang & Xu (2005); Ramamurthy & Venkatesan (1987); Tian & Yang (2004); Shibata et al. (2002); Yamaguchi & Irie (2006).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1997); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 1997); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Bruker, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Fig. 1. The photochromism scheme of the title compound. | |
Fig. 2. The structure of compound (Ia) with 35% probability ellipsoids, showing the atomic numbering scheme. |
C29H22F6N4S2 | Dx = 1.363 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 604.63 | Melting point: 403 K |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 20.8617 (17) Å | Cell parameters from 4441 reflections |
b = 8.9036 (7) Å | θ = 2.3–21.4° |
c = 31.734 (3) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
β = 91.801 (10)° | T = 291 K |
V = 5891.4 (8) Å3 | Block, yellow |
Z = 8 | 0.41 × 0.25 × 0.17 mm |
F(000) = 2480 |
Bruker SMART APEX2 CCD area-detector diffractometer | 5473 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3854 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.036 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 25.5°, θmin = 2.3° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −25→25 |
Tmin = 0.907, Tmax = 0.960 | k = −10→10 |
21870 measured reflections | l = −38→37 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.109 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.046P)2 + 3.9867P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
5473 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
372 parameters | Δρmax = 0.39 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
C29H22F6N4S2 | V = 5891.4 (8) Å3 |
Mr = 604.63 | Z = 8 |
Monoclinic, C2/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 20.8617 (17) Å | µ = 0.24 mm−1 |
b = 8.9036 (7) Å | T = 291 K |
c = 31.734 (3) Å | 0.41 × 0.25 × 0.17 mm |
β = 91.801 (10)° |
Bruker SMART APEX2 CCD area-detector diffractometer | 5473 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 3854 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.907, Tmax = 0.960 | Rint = 0.036 |
21870 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.109 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | Δρmax = 0.39 e Å−3 |
5473 reflections | Δρmin = −0.19 e Å−3 |
372 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
S1 | 0.34614 (3) | 0.94519 (7) | 0.065367 (18) | 0.05087 (18) | |
S2 | 0.14181 (3) | 0.60393 (7) | 0.140966 (18) | 0.04928 (17) | |
F1 | 0.42234 (9) | 0.9638 (2) | 0.21678 (5) | 0.1019 (7) | |
F2 | 0.45948 (7) | 0.7450 (3) | 0.20272 (5) | 0.0980 (6) | |
F3 | 0.40242 (8) | 0.8486 (2) | 0.28890 (5) | 0.0826 (5) | |
F4 | 0.40837 (8) | 0.62479 (19) | 0.26488 (5) | 0.0826 (5) | |
F5 | 0.28255 (7) | 0.86621 (19) | 0.27031 (4) | 0.0741 (5) | |
F6 | 0.28808 (8) | 0.62501 (19) | 0.26922 (4) | 0.0763 (5) | |
N1 | 0.51996 (15) | 0.6334 (3) | −0.04852 (9) | 0.0993 (9) | |
N2 | 0.39603 (15) | 1.0267 (4) | −0.03025 (8) | 0.0936 (9) | |
N3 | −0.00732 (13) | 0.5521 (4) | 0.11051 (9) | 0.0982 (9) | |
N4 | −0.10277 (13) | 0.8596 (4) | 0.19571 (10) | 0.1049 (10) | |
C1 | 0.40108 (11) | 0.8007 (3) | 0.07207 (7) | 0.0466 (6) | |
C2 | 0.40147 (11) | 0.7500 (3) | 0.11275 (7) | 0.0478 (6) | |
H2 | 0.4282 | 0.6732 | 0.1226 | 0.057* | |
C3 | 0.35760 (10) | 0.8250 (3) | 0.13843 (7) | 0.0430 (5) | |
C4 | 0.32340 (10) | 0.9344 (3) | 0.11691 (7) | 0.0441 (5) | |
C5 | 0.44063 (11) | 0.7407 (3) | 0.04009 (7) | 0.0540 (6) | |
H5 | 0.4642 | 0.6560 | 0.0480 | 0.065* | |
C6 | 0.44910 (12) | 0.7877 (3) | 0.00030 (8) | 0.0553 (6) | |
C7 | 0.48911 (15) | 0.7033 (3) | −0.02698 (9) | 0.0710 (8) | |
C8 | 0.41933 (14) | 0.9200 (4) | −0.01715 (8) | 0.0641 (7) | |
C9 | 0.27335 (11) | 1.0394 (3) | 0.13239 (7) | 0.0502 (6) | |
H9A | 0.2893 | 1.1414 | 0.1304 | 0.060* | |
H9B | 0.2666 | 1.0185 | 0.1619 | 0.060* | |
C10 | 0.20903 (11) | 1.0292 (3) | 0.10836 (7) | 0.0565 (6) | |
H10A | 0.2155 | 1.0516 | 0.0789 | 0.068* | |
H10B | 0.1933 | 0.9270 | 0.1100 | 0.068* | |
C11 | 0.15891 (13) | 1.1340 (4) | 0.12458 (10) | 0.0752 (8) | |
H11A | 0.1532 | 1.1124 | 0.1542 | 0.090* | |
H11B | 0.1748 | 1.2361 | 0.1226 | 0.090* | |
C12 | 0.09494 (14) | 1.1258 (4) | 0.10217 (11) | 0.1019 (12) | |
H12A | 0.0998 | 1.1470 | 0.0728 | 0.153* | |
H12B | 0.0666 | 1.1982 | 0.1140 | 0.153* | |
H12C | 0.0774 | 1.0269 | 0.1053 | 0.153* | |
C13 | 0.35057 (10) | 0.7935 (2) | 0.18383 (7) | 0.0421 (5) | |
C14 | 0.40648 (12) | 0.8170 (3) | 0.21406 (7) | 0.0543 (6) | |
C15 | 0.38374 (12) | 0.7624 (3) | 0.25679 (7) | 0.0521 (6) | |
C16 | 0.31102 (11) | 0.7497 (3) | 0.25091 (7) | 0.0457 (5) | |
C17 | 0.29797 (10) | 0.7518 (2) | 0.20414 (6) | 0.0399 (5) | |
C18 | 0.22207 (10) | 0.6157 (2) | 0.15356 (6) | 0.0418 (5) | |
C19 | 0.23383 (10) | 0.7151 (2) | 0.18654 (6) | 0.0404 (5) | |
C20 | 0.17678 (11) | 0.7758 (3) | 0.20215 (7) | 0.0462 (6) | |
H20 | 0.1761 | 0.8417 | 0.2249 | 0.055* | |
C21 | 0.12248 (11) | 0.7285 (3) | 0.18066 (7) | 0.0471 (6) | |
C22 | 0.05937 (11) | 0.7794 (3) | 0.18969 (8) | 0.0541 (6) | |
H22 | 0.0572 | 0.8483 | 0.2116 | 0.065* | |
C23 | 0.00241 (11) | 0.7422 (3) | 0.17107 (8) | 0.0552 (6) | |
C24 | −0.00339 (12) | 0.6364 (4) | 0.13732 (9) | 0.0655 (7) | |
C25 | −0.05601 (14) | 0.8085 (4) | 0.18485 (9) | 0.0718 (8) | |
C26 | 0.26755 (11) | 0.5151 (3) | 0.13119 (7) | 0.0479 (6) | |
H26A | 0.2590 | 0.4119 | 0.1390 | 0.058* | |
H26B | 0.3110 | 0.5387 | 0.1408 | 0.058* | |
C27 | 0.26367 (12) | 0.5275 (3) | 0.08337 (7) | 0.0570 (6) | |
H27A | 0.2200 | 0.5077 | 0.0736 | 0.068* | |
H27B | 0.2744 | 0.6293 | 0.0753 | 0.068* | |
C28 | 0.30844 (15) | 0.4190 (3) | 0.06202 (8) | 0.0733 (8) | |
H28A | 0.3518 | 0.4358 | 0.0728 | 0.088* | |
H28B | 0.2965 | 0.3171 | 0.0693 | 0.088* | |
C29 | 0.30730 (18) | 0.4343 (5) | 0.01458 (9) | 0.1064 (13) | |
H29A | 0.2647 | 0.4148 | 0.0035 | 0.160* | |
H29B | 0.3366 | 0.3634 | 0.0030 | 0.160* | |
H29C | 0.3198 | 0.5343 | 0.0071 | 0.160* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
S1 | 0.0526 (4) | 0.0588 (4) | 0.0414 (3) | 0.0081 (3) | 0.0049 (3) | 0.0056 (3) |
S2 | 0.0442 (3) | 0.0554 (4) | 0.0481 (3) | −0.0065 (3) | −0.0014 (3) | −0.0082 (3) |
F1 | 0.1225 (16) | 0.0941 (14) | 0.0867 (12) | −0.0608 (12) | −0.0356 (11) | 0.0229 (10) |
F2 | 0.0430 (9) | 0.185 (2) | 0.0652 (10) | 0.0228 (11) | −0.0041 (7) | 0.0040 (11) |
F3 | 0.0709 (11) | 0.1161 (14) | 0.0602 (9) | −0.0181 (10) | −0.0103 (8) | −0.0263 (9) |
F4 | 0.0750 (11) | 0.0842 (12) | 0.0885 (11) | 0.0232 (9) | 0.0001 (9) | 0.0244 (9) |
F5 | 0.0682 (10) | 0.0998 (12) | 0.0539 (9) | 0.0237 (9) | −0.0059 (7) | −0.0243 (8) |
F6 | 0.0842 (11) | 0.0892 (12) | 0.0547 (9) | −0.0293 (9) | −0.0103 (8) | 0.0258 (8) |
N1 | 0.109 (2) | 0.101 (2) | 0.090 (2) | 0.0179 (18) | 0.0436 (18) | −0.0081 (17) |
N2 | 0.110 (2) | 0.101 (2) | 0.0704 (17) | 0.0258 (19) | 0.0174 (15) | 0.0171 (16) |
N3 | 0.0700 (18) | 0.124 (3) | 0.101 (2) | −0.0288 (17) | −0.0049 (15) | −0.0350 (19) |
N4 | 0.0583 (17) | 0.139 (3) | 0.118 (2) | 0.0177 (18) | 0.0008 (16) | −0.018 (2) |
C1 | 0.0423 (13) | 0.0531 (14) | 0.0447 (13) | −0.0005 (11) | 0.0036 (10) | −0.0010 (11) |
C2 | 0.0414 (13) | 0.0498 (14) | 0.0522 (14) | 0.0042 (11) | 0.0024 (11) | 0.0033 (11) |
C3 | 0.0385 (12) | 0.0487 (13) | 0.0417 (12) | −0.0049 (10) | 0.0002 (10) | 0.0014 (10) |
C4 | 0.0413 (12) | 0.0479 (13) | 0.0432 (12) | 0.0002 (10) | 0.0015 (10) | 0.0014 (10) |
C5 | 0.0477 (14) | 0.0600 (16) | 0.0548 (15) | 0.0027 (12) | 0.0059 (11) | −0.0040 (12) |
C6 | 0.0505 (15) | 0.0651 (17) | 0.0509 (15) | −0.0013 (13) | 0.0107 (12) | −0.0076 (13) |
C7 | 0.0716 (19) | 0.078 (2) | 0.0648 (17) | 0.0029 (16) | 0.0234 (15) | −0.0023 (15) |
C8 | 0.0659 (18) | 0.080 (2) | 0.0469 (15) | 0.0015 (16) | 0.0151 (13) | −0.0006 (14) |
C9 | 0.0534 (15) | 0.0513 (14) | 0.0459 (13) | 0.0057 (12) | 0.0026 (11) | 0.0009 (11) |
C10 | 0.0506 (15) | 0.0700 (17) | 0.0489 (14) | 0.0081 (13) | −0.0001 (11) | −0.0022 (12) |
C11 | 0.0549 (17) | 0.084 (2) | 0.086 (2) | 0.0157 (15) | −0.0056 (15) | −0.0149 (17) |
C12 | 0.059 (2) | 0.138 (3) | 0.108 (3) | 0.025 (2) | −0.0073 (18) | −0.004 (2) |
C13 | 0.0406 (13) | 0.0443 (13) | 0.0410 (12) | 0.0017 (10) | −0.0036 (10) | 0.0009 (10) |
C14 | 0.0430 (14) | 0.0665 (17) | 0.0531 (15) | −0.0053 (13) | −0.0042 (11) | 0.0030 (12) |
C15 | 0.0550 (15) | 0.0575 (16) | 0.0431 (13) | 0.0005 (12) | −0.0099 (11) | −0.0020 (11) |
C16 | 0.0479 (14) | 0.0505 (14) | 0.0387 (12) | −0.0021 (11) | −0.0012 (10) | 0.0006 (11) |
C17 | 0.0393 (12) | 0.0414 (12) | 0.0388 (11) | −0.0003 (10) | −0.0019 (9) | −0.0009 (9) |
C18 | 0.0437 (13) | 0.0435 (13) | 0.0382 (11) | −0.0035 (10) | 0.0003 (10) | 0.0013 (10) |
C19 | 0.0410 (12) | 0.0442 (13) | 0.0361 (11) | −0.0020 (10) | 0.0000 (9) | 0.0012 (9) |
C20 | 0.0449 (13) | 0.0514 (14) | 0.0424 (12) | −0.0058 (11) | 0.0030 (10) | −0.0074 (10) |
C21 | 0.0419 (13) | 0.0516 (14) | 0.0480 (13) | −0.0038 (11) | 0.0039 (10) | −0.0050 (11) |
C22 | 0.0488 (15) | 0.0588 (16) | 0.0548 (14) | −0.0026 (12) | 0.0031 (11) | −0.0063 (12) |
C23 | 0.0419 (14) | 0.0617 (16) | 0.0621 (16) | −0.0050 (12) | 0.0022 (12) | 0.0007 (13) |
C24 | 0.0413 (15) | 0.084 (2) | 0.0705 (18) | −0.0159 (14) | −0.0027 (13) | −0.0030 (16) |
C25 | 0.0457 (16) | 0.091 (2) | 0.079 (2) | 0.0015 (16) | −0.0016 (14) | −0.0063 (17) |
C26 | 0.0490 (14) | 0.0460 (14) | 0.0488 (13) | −0.0002 (11) | 0.0010 (11) | −0.0024 (11) |
C27 | 0.0535 (15) | 0.0689 (17) | 0.0487 (14) | −0.0014 (13) | 0.0015 (11) | −0.0082 (12) |
C28 | 0.078 (2) | 0.085 (2) | 0.0579 (17) | 0.0066 (16) | 0.0129 (14) | −0.0123 (15) |
C29 | 0.113 (3) | 0.146 (4) | 0.062 (2) | 0.007 (3) | 0.0155 (19) | −0.024 (2) |
S1—C4 | 1.720 (2) | C11—H11B | 0.9700 |
S1—C1 | 1.732 (2) | C12—H12A | 0.9600 |
S2—C18 | 1.712 (2) | C12—H12B | 0.9600 |
S2—C21 | 1.736 (2) | C12—H12C | 0.9600 |
F1—C14 | 1.350 (3) | C13—C17 | 1.342 (3) |
F2—C14 | 1.337 (3) | C13—C14 | 1.501 (3) |
F3—C15 | 1.324 (3) | C14—C15 | 1.530 (3) |
F4—C15 | 1.350 (3) | C15—C16 | 1.527 (3) |
F5—C16 | 1.353 (3) | C16—C17 | 1.501 (3) |
F6—C16 | 1.348 (3) | C17—C19 | 1.470 (3) |
N1—C7 | 1.139 (3) | C18—C19 | 1.387 (3) |
N2—C8 | 1.140 (4) | C18—C26 | 1.499 (3) |
N3—C24 | 1.136 (3) | C19—C20 | 1.411 (3) |
N4—C25 | 1.139 (3) | C20—C21 | 1.370 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.367 (3) | C20—H20 | 0.9300 |
C1—C5 | 1.431 (3) | C21—C22 | 1.430 (3) |
C2—C3 | 1.412 (3) | C22—C23 | 1.352 (3) |
C2—H2 | 0.9300 | C22—H22 | 0.9300 |
C3—C4 | 1.376 (3) | C23—C24 | 1.429 (4) |
C3—C13 | 1.480 (3) | C23—C25 | 1.435 (4) |
C4—C9 | 1.496 (3) | C26—C27 | 1.521 (3) |
C5—C6 | 1.347 (3) | C26—H26A | 0.9700 |
C5—H5 | 0.9300 | C26—H26B | 0.9700 |
C6—C7 | 1.434 (4) | C27—C28 | 1.518 (3) |
C6—C8 | 1.434 (4) | C27—H27A | 0.9700 |
C9—C10 | 1.525 (3) | C27—H27B | 0.9700 |
C9—H9A | 0.9700 | C28—C29 | 1.511 (4) |
C9—H9B | 0.9700 | C28—H28A | 0.9700 |
C10—C11 | 1.504 (3) | C28—H28B | 0.9700 |
C10—H10A | 0.9700 | C29—H29A | 0.9600 |
C10—H10B | 0.9700 | C29—H29B | 0.9600 |
C11—C12 | 1.494 (4) | C29—H29C | 0.9600 |
C11—H11A | 0.9700 | ||
C4—S1—C1 | 92.46 (11) | F4—C15—C16 | 109.1 (2) |
C18—S2—C21 | 92.25 (11) | F3—C15—C14 | 113.9 (2) |
C2—C1—C5 | 124.0 (2) | F4—C15—C14 | 109.3 (2) |
C2—C1—S1 | 110.21 (17) | C16—C15—C14 | 104.47 (18) |
C5—C1—S1 | 125.75 (18) | F6—C16—F5 | 105.58 (18) |
C1—C2—C3 | 113.8 (2) | F6—C16—C17 | 112.39 (18) |
C1—C2—H2 | 123.1 | F5—C16—C17 | 111.82 (18) |
C3—C2—H2 | 123.1 | F6—C16—C15 | 111.92 (19) |
C4—C3—C2 | 112.6 (2) | F5—C16—C15 | 109.65 (19) |
C4—C3—C13 | 123.5 (2) | C17—C16—C15 | 105.58 (18) |
C2—C3—C13 | 123.9 (2) | C13—C17—C19 | 128.82 (19) |
C3—C4—C9 | 129.5 (2) | C13—C17—C16 | 110.65 (19) |
C3—C4—S1 | 110.93 (16) | C19—C17—C16 | 120.51 (19) |
C9—C4—S1 | 119.58 (16) | C19—C18—C26 | 129.7 (2) |
C6—C5—C1 | 130.1 (2) | C19—C18—S2 | 111.33 (16) |
C6—C5—H5 | 115.0 | C26—C18—S2 | 118.78 (16) |
C1—C5—H5 | 115.0 | C18—C19—C20 | 112.23 (19) |
C5—C6—C7 | 119.9 (3) | C18—C19—C17 | 124.45 (19) |
C5—C6—C8 | 123.3 (2) | C20—C19—C17 | 123.30 (19) |
C7—C6—C8 | 116.8 (2) | C21—C20—C19 | 113.6 (2) |
N1—C7—C6 | 178.4 (3) | C21—C20—H20 | 123.2 |
N2—C8—C6 | 178.5 (3) | C19—C20—H20 | 123.2 |
C4—C9—C10 | 114.3 (2) | C20—C21—C22 | 123.7 (2) |
C4—C9—H9A | 108.7 | C20—C21—S2 | 110.51 (17) |
C10—C9—H9A | 108.7 | C22—C21—S2 | 125.76 (18) |
C4—C9—H9B | 108.7 | C23—C22—C21 | 129.6 (2) |
C10—C9—H9B | 108.7 | C23—C22—H22 | 115.2 |
H9A—C9—H9B | 107.6 | C21—C22—H22 | 115.2 |
C11—C10—C9 | 113.7 (2) | C22—C23—C24 | 122.8 (2) |
C11—C10—H10A | 108.8 | C22—C23—C25 | 120.6 (2) |
C9—C10—H10A | 108.8 | C24—C23—C25 | 116.6 (2) |
C11—C10—H10B | 108.8 | N3—C24—C23 | 179.3 (3) |
C9—C10—H10B | 108.8 | N4—C25—C23 | 179.2 (4) |
H10A—C10—H10B | 107.7 | C18—C26—C27 | 114.51 (19) |
C12—C11—C10 | 115.3 (3) | C18—C26—H26A | 108.6 |
C12—C11—H11A | 108.5 | C27—C26—H26A | 108.6 |
C10—C11—H11A | 108.5 | C18—C26—H26B | 108.6 |
C12—C11—H11B | 108.5 | C27—C26—H26B | 108.6 |
C10—C11—H11B | 108.5 | H26A—C26—H26B | 107.6 |
H11A—C11—H11B | 107.5 | C28—C27—C26 | 112.7 (2) |
C11—C12—H12A | 109.5 | C28—C27—H27A | 109.1 |
C11—C12—H12B | 109.5 | C26—C27—H27A | 109.1 |
H12A—C12—H12B | 109.5 | C28—C27—H27B | 109.1 |
C11—C12—H12C | 109.5 | C26—C27—H27B | 109.1 |
H12A—C12—H12C | 109.5 | H27A—C27—H27B | 107.8 |
H12B—C12—H12C | 109.5 | C29—C28—C27 | 113.4 (3) |
C17—C13—C3 | 128.9 (2) | C29—C28—H28A | 108.9 |
C17—C13—C14 | 111.24 (19) | C27—C28—H28A | 108.9 |
C3—C13—C14 | 119.80 (19) | C29—C28—H28B | 108.9 |
F2—C14—F1 | 106.2 (2) | C27—C28—H28B | 108.9 |
F2—C14—C13 | 113.2 (2) | H28A—C28—H28B | 107.7 |
F1—C14—C13 | 111.1 (2) | C28—C29—H29A | 109.5 |
F2—C14—C15 | 111.6 (2) | C28—C29—H29B | 109.5 |
F1—C14—C15 | 109.5 (2) | H29A—C29—H29B | 109.5 |
C13—C14—C15 | 105.40 (19) | C28—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
F3—C15—F4 | 106.16 (19) | H29A—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
F3—C15—C16 | 113.8 (2) | H29B—C29—H29C | 109.5 |
C4—S1—C1—C2 | −0.82 (19) | F3—C15—C16—F5 | 20.4 (3) |
C4—S1—C1—C5 | 178.9 (2) | F4—C15—C16—F5 | 138.75 (19) |
C5—C1—C2—C3 | −179.1 (2) | C14—C15—C16—F5 | −104.5 (2) |
S1—C1—C2—C3 | 0.6 (3) | F3—C15—C16—C17 | 141.0 (2) |
C1—C2—C3—C13 | −178.1 (2) | F4—C15—C16—C17 | −100.6 (2) |
C2—C3—C4—C9 | −179.3 (2) | C14—C15—C16—C17 | 16.1 (2) |
C13—C3—C4—C9 | −1.2 (4) | C3—C13—C17—C19 | 4.9 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—S1 | −0.6 (2) | C14—C13—C17—C19 | −178.8 (2) |
C13—C3—C4—S1 | 177.43 (17) | C3—C13—C17—C16 | −173.4 (2) |
C1—S1—C4—C3 | 0.81 (18) | C14—C13—C17—C16 | 2.9 (3) |
C1—S1—C4—C9 | 179.64 (19) | F6—C16—C17—C13 | −134.6 (2) |
C2—C1—C5—C6 | −173.6 (3) | F5—C16—C17—C13 | 106.9 (2) |
S1—C1—C5—C6 | 6.8 (4) | C15—C16—C17—C13 | −12.3 (3) |
C1—C5—C6—C7 | −176.5 (3) | F6—C16—C17—C19 | 47.0 (3) |
C1—C5—C6—C8 | 2.9 (4) | F5—C16—C17—C19 | −71.6 (3) |
C3—C4—C9—C10 | −122.6 (3) | C15—C16—C17—C19 | 169.3 (2) |
S1—C4—C9—C10 | 58.8 (3) | C21—S2—C18—C19 | −1.47 (17) |
C4—C9—C10—C11 | 179.3 (2) | C21—S2—C18—C26 | 174.30 (18) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | −179.2 (3) | C26—C18—C19—C20 | −172.8 (2) |
C4—C3—C13—C17 | 59.4 (3) | S2—C18—C19—C20 | 2.4 (2) |
C2—C3—C13—C17 | −122.8 (3) | C26—C18—C19—C17 | 5.9 (4) |
C4—C3—C13—C14 | −116.6 (3) | S2—C18—C19—C17 | −178.88 (17) |
C2—C3—C13—C14 | 61.2 (3) | C13—C17—C19—C18 | 50.1 (3) |
C17—C13—C14—F2 | 129.9 (2) | C16—C17—C19—C18 | −131.8 (2) |
C3—C13—C14—F2 | −53.5 (3) | C13—C17—C19—C20 | −131.3 (3) |
C17—C13—C14—F1 | −110.8 (2) | C16—C17—C19—C20 | 46.8 (3) |
C3—C13—C14—F1 | 65.8 (3) | C18—C19—C20—C21 | −2.3 (3) |
C17—C13—C14—C15 | 7.6 (3) | C17—C19—C20—C21 | 179.0 (2) |
C3—C13—C14—C15 | −175.7 (2) | C19—C20—C21—C22 | −177.5 (2) |
F2—C14—C15—F3 | 97.4 (3) | C19—C20—C21—S2 | 1.1 (3) |
F1—C14—C15—F3 | −19.8 (3) | C18—S2—C21—C20 | 0.19 (19) |
C13—C14—C15—F3 | −139.3 (2) | C18—S2—C21—C22 | 178.8 (2) |
F2—C14—C15—F4 | −21.1 (3) | C20—C21—C22—C23 | 179.9 (3) |
F1—C14—C15—F4 | −138.4 (2) | S2—C21—C22—C23 | 1.5 (4) |
C13—C14—C15—F4 | 102.1 (2) | C21—C22—C23—C24 | 1.0 (4) |
F2—C14—C15—C16 | −137.8 (2) | C21—C22—C23—C25 | −179.2 (3) |
F1—C14—C15—C16 | 105.0 (2) | C19—C18—C26—C27 | −129.4 (2) |
C13—C14—C15—C16 | −14.5 (3) | S2—C18—C26—C27 | 55.7 (3) |
F3—C15—C16—F6 | −96.4 (2) | C18—C26—C27—C28 | −177.5 (2) |
F4—C15—C16—F6 | 21.9 (3) | C26—C27—C28—C29 | −177.5 (3) |
C14—C15—C16—F6 | 138.7 (2) |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C29H22F6N4S2 |
Mr | 604.63 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, C2/c |
Temperature (K) | 291 |
a, b, c (Å) | 20.8617 (17), 8.9036 (7), 31.734 (3) |
β (°) | 91.801 (10) |
V (Å3) | 5891.4 (8) |
Z | 8 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.24 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.41 × 0.25 × 0.17 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART APEX2 CCD area-detector |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.907, 0.960 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 21870, 5473, 3854 |
Rint | 0.036 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.606 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.042, 0.109, 1.01 |
No. of reflections | 5473 |
No. of parameters | 372 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.39, −0.19 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1997), SAINT (Bruker, 1997), SAINT, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXTL (Bruker, 1997), SHELXTL.
C13—C17 | 1.342 (3) | C15—C16 | 1.527 (3) |
C13—C14 | 1.501 (3) | C16—C17 | 1.501 (3) |
C14—C15 | 1.530 (3) | ||
C1—C5—C6—C7 | −176.5 (3) | C3—C13—C17—C19 | 4.9 (4) |
C1—C5—C6—C8 | 2.9 (4) | C14—C13—C17—C16 | 2.9 (3) |
C3—C4—C9—C10 | −122.6 (3) | C15—C16—C17—C13 | −12.3 (3) |
C9—C10—C11—C12 | −179.2 (3) | C15—C16—C17—C19 | 169.3 (2) |
C13—C14—C15—C16 | −14.5 (3) | C19—C18—C26—C27 | −129.4 (2) |
C14—C15—C16—C17 | 16.1 (2) | C26—C27—C28—C29 | −177.5 (3) |
Photochromic diarylethenes have attracted considerable attention for their possible application in optical recording and photoswitches (Irie, 2000; Tian & Yang, 2004). For further background information, see Pu, Liu et al. (2005). In the present work, the title photochromic diarylethene, (Ia), was synthesized, and its structure is presented here. Previously, we have reported the structure of the 2-methyl, (II), and 2-ethyl analog, (III), of this compound (Pu et al., 2003; Pu, Yang et al., 2005). In order to investigate the substituent effect at the 2-position of the thiophene on the photochemical properties, we have now determined the structure of (Ia).
The molecular structure of (Ia) is shown in Fig. 2. In the cyclopent-1-ene ring, the C13—C17 bond is clearly a double bond, while the other bonds in the ring are clearly single bonds (Table 1). The two thiophene rings are linked by the C13=C17 double bond. The two n-butyl groups are located on opposite sides of the double bond and are directed trans relative to the thiophene planes, as reflected in the torsion angles C3—C4—C9—C10 and C19—C18—C26—C27 (Table 1). The dihedral angle between the central cyclopent-1-ene ring and each adjacent thiophene ring are 57.9 (1)° for S1/C1—C4 and 51.2 (1)° for S2/C18—C21. The corresponding values in the methyl analog, (II), and that in the ethyl analog, (III), are 44.9° and 48.0 (2)°, respectively. This conformation leads to a C4—C18 separation of 3.475 (3) Å in (Ia) [compared with 3.589 Å in (II) and 3.642 (7) in (III)]. This distance is short enough, theoretically, for a ring-closure reaction to take place in the crystalline phase to generate compound (Ib) (see scheme), (Ramamurthy &Venkatesan, 1987; Shibata et al., 2002; Yamaguchi & Irie, 2006).
Crystals of (Ia) show photochromism in accordance with the expected ring closure, to form (Ib). Upon irradiation with 365 nm light, the colorless single crystals of (Ia) turned green quickly. When the green crystal was dissolved in dichloromethane, the solution also showed a green color, with an absorption maximum at 772 nm, consistent with the presence of the closed-ring isomer, (Ib). Upon irradiation with visible light with wavelength greater than 510 nm, the green crystal can return to its initial colorless state, and the absorption spectrum of the dichloromethane solution containing the colorless crystal is the same as that of solution of the open-ring form, (Ia), with the absorption maximum at 366 nm.