ATP-dependent DNA ligase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus displays a tightly closed conformation

DNA ligases join the breaks in double-stranded DNA by catalyzing the formation of a phosphodiester bond between adjacent 3'-hydroxyl and 5'-­phosphate termini. They fall into two classes that require either ATP or NAD⁺ as the source of an AMP group that is covalently attached to a strictly conserved lysine. Conformational flexibility is essential for the function of multi-domain DNA ligases because they must undergo large conformational changes involving domain rearrangements during the course of the reaction. In the absence of the nicked DNA substrate, both open and closed conformations have been observed for the ATP-dependent DNA ligases from Sulfolobus solfataricus and Pyrococcus furiosus. Here, the crystal structure of an ATP-dependent DNA ligase from Archaeoglobus fulgidus has been determined in the DNA-unbound unadenylated state. It resembles the closed conformation of P. furiosus DNA ligase but was even more closed, thus enhancing our understanding of the conformational variability of these enzymes.