Stacking fault energy in austenitic steels determined by using in situ X-ray diffraction during bending

A method is presented which determines the stacking fault energy in face-centred cubic materials from the critical stress that is induced via sample bending in the early stages of plastic deformation. The critical stress is gauged by in situ X-ray diffraction. This method utilizes the results of Byun's consideration of the stress dependence of the partial dislocation separation [Byun (2003). Acta Mater. 51, 3063–3071]. Byun showed that the separation distance of the partial dislocations increases rapidly when the critical stress is reached and that the critical stress needed for the rapid separation of the partial dislocations is directly proportional to the stacking fault energy. In the approach presented here, the partial dislocation separation and the corresponding triggering stress are monitored by using in situ X-ray diffraction during sample bending. Furthermore, the in situ X-ray diffraction measurement checks the possible interactions between stacking faults present on equivalent lattice planes and the interactions of the stacking faults with other microstructure defects. The capability of the proposed method was tested on highly alloyed austenitic steels containing chromium (∼16 wt%), manganese (∼7 wt%) and nickel as the main alloying elements. For the steels containing 5.9 and 3.7 wt% Ni, stacking fault energies of 17.5 ± 1.4 and 8.1 ± 0.9 mJ m⁻² were obtained, respectively.