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The use of a BECM-4 computer for interpreting X-ray powder patterns of polycrystals belonging to the orthorhombic system is described. By modifying the program for the intermediate crystalline systems the proper program is obtained for the direct indexing of X-ray powder patterns in the orthorhombic system after Neskuchaev's method, and the unit-cell dimensions are computed. The program has been tested and has been used for the calculation of the powder pattern of lead oxide (yellow massicot), PbO. A block diagram showing the complete procedure for the computations is given.