Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807037439/bt2447sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807037439/bt2447Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 660065
All manipulations were carried out in an atmosphere of argon using standard Schlenk techniques. THF was dried (Na/benzophenone) and distilled prior to use. K and diphenylamine were purchased form Aldrich. 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectra were recorded at [D8]THF solution at ambient temperature on a Bruker AC 400 MHz s pectrometer and were referenced to deuterated THF as an internal standard. A suspension of potassium (4.4 g, 112.5 mmol) and diphenylamine (15.2 g, 90.0 mmol, 0.8 eq.) in THF (100 ml) was heated under reflux for 2 h. Thereafter the suspension was cooled to ambient temperature and the excess of K was removed by filtation. The yield of 92% was determined by acidic titration of an hydrolysed aliquot. Cooling of this solution to -90 °C yields single crystals within 12 h, which were suitable for X-ray diffraction studies. Physical data: Mp: 100 °C (decomposition). 1H NMR (400 MHz) δ 1.77 (thf), 3.60 (thf), 6.12–6.18 (m, 4H), 6.85–6.87 (m, 16H). 13C NMR (100 MHz) δ 25.2 (thf), 67.3 (thf), 112.1 (4 C, p–C), 118.0 (8 C, o–C), 129.7 (8 C, m–C), 158.5 (4 C, i–C).
All hydrogen atoms were calculated at idealized positions with Caromatic—H = 0.95Å or C-methylene-H = 0.99Å and were refined with 1.5 times the isotropic displacement parameter of the corresponding carbon atoms. The tetrahydrofuran carbon atom C15 has a 50:50 occupancy disorder over two positions. Although the other tetrahedrofuran carbon atoms show high values for U(eq) no disorder could be resolved.
One the one hand, potassium diphenylamide has been used for the synthesis of various transition metal diphenylamides, for example those of Cr (Seidel & Reichardt, 1974), Pd (Villanueva et al., 1994), Th (Barnhart et al., 1995), Nb (Tayebani et al., 1998), Y and Sm (Gamer et al., 2001), Yb (Hitchcock et al., 2002), and Re (Hevia et al., 2002). On the other hand, lactones and α,β-unsaturated cycloketones (Longi et al., 1965), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (Kucera & Jelinek, 1959), and isocyanates (Grogler & Windemuth, 1966) could be polymerized with potassium diphenylamide as a catalyst. Though this compound is often cited in literature (Barnhart et al., 1995; Bergstrom et al., 1942; Cheshko & Goncharenko, 1971; Fröhlich, 1975), neither an exact synthetic approach nor structural or spectroscopic data have been published. Here we present a straightforward synthesis of potassium diphenylamide and the first molecular structure of a simple potassium amide. KNPh2 was made of potassium and diphenylamine in boiling THF. Cooling a solution to -90 °C led to the formation of single crystals of (thf)3K(µ2-NPh2)2K(thf)3. In the crystalline state, potassium diphenylamide forms a dimeric centrosymmetric molecule with a four-membered KNKiNi ring [symmetry code: (i) 2 - x, 1 - y, -z]. Additionally, each K atom is saturated with three THF molecules. The coordination sphere of K is square-pyramidal with O2 occupying the apical position and N1, N1i, O1, and O3 lying on the basal positions.
Synthesis of various transition metal diphenylamides: Seidel & Reichardt (1974); Villanueva et al. (1994); Barnhart et al. (1995); Tayebani et al. (1998); Gamer et al. (2001); Hitchcock et al. (2002); Hevia et al. (2002). Potassium diphenylamide as a catalyst in polymerization reactions: Longi et al. (1965); Kucera & Jelinek (1959); Grogler & Windemuth (1966). Synthesis of the title compound: Barnhart et al. (1995); Bergstrom et al. (1942); Cheshko & Goncharenko (1971); Fröhlich (1975).
Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell refinement: DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL/PC (Siemens, 1990); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound, showing 40% probability displacement ellipsoides and the atom-numbering scheme. H atoms have been omitted for clarity. |
[K2(C4H8O)6(C12H10N)2] | F(000) = 912 |
Mr = 847.24 | Dx = 1.178 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Hall symbol: -P 2ybc | Cell parameters from 15517 reflections |
a = 9.6546 (3) Å | θ = 2.8–27.5° |
b = 13.9660 (8) Å | µ = 0.25 mm−1 |
c = 17.7356 (9) Å | T = 183 K |
β = 92.639 (3)° | Prism, colourless |
V = 2388.9 (2) Å3 | 0.05 × 0.05 × 0.04 mm |
Z = 2 |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 5438 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 3612 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.050 |
φ and ω scans | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.8° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) | h = −10→12 |
Tmin = 0.977, Tmax = 0.997 | k = −18→15 |
15517 measured reflections | l = −23→19 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.060 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.169 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.95 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0746P)2 + 1.881P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
5438 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
261 parameters | Δρmax = 0.39 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
[K2(C4H8O)6(C12H10N)2] | V = 2388.9 (2) Å3 |
Mr = 847.24 | Z = 2 |
Monoclinic, P21/c | Mo Kα radiation |
a = 9.6546 (3) Å | µ = 0.25 mm−1 |
b = 13.9660 (8) Å | T = 183 K |
c = 17.7356 (9) Å | 0.05 × 0.05 × 0.04 mm |
β = 92.639 (3)° |
Nonius KappaCCD diffractometer | 5438 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) | 3612 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.977, Tmax = 0.997 | Rint = 0.050 |
15517 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.060 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.169 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 0.95 | Δρmax = 0.39 e Å−3 |
5438 reflections | Δρmin = −0.30 e Å−3 |
261 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
K1 | 0.93906 (6) | 0.41278 (4) | 0.08773 (3) | 0.04375 (18) | |
O1 | 0.7561 (2) | 0.26550 (15) | 0.09945 (12) | 0.0612 (6) | |
O2 | 1.1232 (2) | 0.3131 (2) | 0.17851 (13) | 0.0791 (7) | |
O3 | 0.8091 (2) | 0.48090 (16) | 0.20882 (12) | 0.0649 (6) | |
N1 | 1.0160 (2) | 0.60408 (14) | 0.06975 (11) | 0.0385 (5) | |
C1 | 0.9378 (2) | 0.68619 (17) | 0.06408 (12) | 0.0353 (5) | |
C2 | 0.7919 (3) | 0.67893 (18) | 0.07046 (14) | 0.0401 (6) | |
H2A | 0.7530 | 0.6191 | 0.0836 | 0.048* | |
C3 | 0.7053 (3) | 0.7565 (2) | 0.05804 (14) | 0.0456 (6) | |
H3A | 0.6082 | 0.7487 | 0.0624 | 0.055* | |
C4 | 0.7564 (3) | 0.8449 (2) | 0.03953 (15) | 0.0482 (6) | |
H4A | 0.6960 | 0.8979 | 0.0313 | 0.058* | |
C5 | 0.8984 (3) | 0.8547 (2) | 0.03313 (15) | 0.0473 (6) | |
H5A | 0.9355 | 0.9152 | 0.0201 | 0.057* | |
C6 | 0.9866 (3) | 0.77787 (19) | 0.04540 (14) | 0.0414 (6) | |
H6A | 1.0833 | 0.7871 | 0.0411 | 0.050* | |
C7 | 1.1538 (2) | 0.60788 (17) | 0.09161 (13) | 0.0376 (5) | |
C8 | 1.2149 (3) | 0.6754 (2) | 0.14269 (14) | 0.0451 (6) | |
H8A | 1.1591 | 0.7248 | 0.1622 | 0.054* | |
C9 | 1.3538 (3) | 0.6710 (2) | 0.16476 (17) | 0.0548 (7) | |
H9A | 1.3912 | 0.7175 | 0.1990 | 0.066* | |
C10 | 1.4393 (3) | 0.6009 (2) | 0.13837 (18) | 0.0574 (8) | |
H10A | 1.5349 | 0.5992 | 0.1536 | 0.069* | |
C11 | 1.3826 (3) | 0.5329 (2) | 0.08893 (17) | 0.0518 (7) | |
H11A | 1.4398 | 0.4838 | 0.0702 | 0.062* | |
C12 | 1.2436 (3) | 0.53584 (19) | 0.06666 (14) | 0.0424 (6) | |
H12A | 1.2072 | 0.4878 | 0.0334 | 0.051* | |
C13 | 0.6390 (3) | 0.2422 (2) | 0.05079 (19) | 0.0605 (8) | |
H13A | 0.6549 | 0.2623 | −0.0016 | 0.073* | |
H13B | 0.5548 | 0.2748 | 0.0677 | 0.073* | |
C14 | 0.6220 (5) | 0.1361 (3) | 0.0549 (3) | 0.1017 (15) | |
H14A | 0.5362 | 0.1191 | 0.0802 | 0.122* | 0.50 |
H14B | 0.6185 | 0.1075 | 0.0037 | 0.122* | 0.50 |
H14C | 0.5226 | 0.1186 | 0.0532 | 0.122* | 0.50 |
H14D | 0.6665 | 0.1046 | 0.0122 | 0.122* | 0.50 |
C15 | 0.7479 (10) | 0.1027 (7) | 0.1000 (6) | 0.091 (3)* | 0.50 |
H15A | 0.7210 | 0.0557 | 0.1385 | 0.109* | 0.50 |
H15B | 0.8136 | 0.0714 | 0.0666 | 0.109* | 0.50 |
C15A | 0.6902 (7) | 0.1071 (5) | 0.1273 (4) | 0.0568 (15)* | 0.50 |
H15C | 0.7262 | 0.0408 | 0.1252 | 0.068* | 0.50 |
H15D | 0.6267 | 0.1126 | 0.1694 | 0.068* | 0.50 |
C16 | 0.8095 (4) | 0.1814 (2) | 0.13461 (19) | 0.0685 (9) | |
H16A | 0.9112 | 0.1785 | 0.1301 | 0.082* | 0.50 |
H16B | 0.7899 | 0.1819 | 0.1889 | 0.082* | 0.50 |
H16C | 0.8359 | 0.1936 | 0.1883 | 0.082* | 0.50 |
H16D | 0.8920 | 0.1582 | 0.1089 | 0.082* | 0.50 |
C17 | 1.2484 (4) | 0.2853 (2) | 0.14584 (18) | 0.0630 (8) | |
H17A | 1.2664 | 0.3262 | 0.1018 | 0.076* | |
H17B | 1.2427 | 0.2178 | 0.1289 | 0.076* | |
C18 | 1.3586 (4) | 0.2967 (4) | 0.2044 (2) | 0.0874 (12) | |
H18A | 1.3732 | 0.2365 | 0.2331 | 0.105* | |
H18B | 1.4468 | 0.3152 | 0.1820 | 0.105* | |
C19 | 1.3105 (5) | 0.3717 (3) | 0.2526 (2) | 0.0923 (14) | |
H19A | 1.3312 | 0.4358 | 0.2320 | 0.111* | |
H19B | 1.3528 | 0.3663 | 0.3043 | 0.111* | |
C20 | 1.1599 (5) | 0.3541 (4) | 0.2516 (2) | 0.1056 (17) | |
H20A | 1.1371 | 0.3091 | 0.2924 | 0.127* | |
H20B | 1.1091 | 0.4147 | 0.2587 | 0.127* | |
C21 | 0.7134 (4) | 0.4283 (3) | 0.2490 (2) | 0.0849 (11) | |
H21A | 0.7362 | 0.3592 | 0.2479 | 0.102* | |
H21B | 0.6185 | 0.4373 | 0.2266 | 0.102* | |
C22 | 0.7228 (6) | 0.4653 (4) | 0.3292 (3) | 0.1159 (18) | |
H22A | 0.7229 | 0.4119 | 0.3659 | 0.139* | |
H22B | 0.6447 | 0.5089 | 0.3388 | 0.139* | |
C23 | 0.8591 (6) | 0.5181 (3) | 0.3334 (2) | 0.0988 (15) | |
H23A | 0.8574 | 0.5718 | 0.3698 | 0.119* | |
H23B | 0.9367 | 0.4746 | 0.3481 | 0.119* | |
C24 | 0.8709 (4) | 0.5535 (3) | 0.2550 (2) | 0.0758 (10) | |
H24A | 0.8211 | 0.6150 | 0.2476 | 0.091* | |
H24B | 0.9693 | 0.5628 | 0.2433 | 0.091* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
K1 | 0.0544 (4) | 0.0404 (3) | 0.0360 (3) | −0.0079 (3) | −0.0027 (2) | 0.0040 (2) |
O1 | 0.0723 (14) | 0.0476 (12) | 0.0624 (13) | −0.0130 (10) | −0.0101 (10) | 0.0041 (10) |
O2 | 0.0575 (13) | 0.122 (2) | 0.0572 (14) | 0.0033 (13) | −0.0079 (10) | 0.0204 (14) |
O3 | 0.0830 (15) | 0.0614 (13) | 0.0510 (12) | −0.0142 (11) | 0.0104 (10) | −0.0085 (10) |
N1 | 0.0393 (11) | 0.0356 (11) | 0.0404 (11) | −0.0056 (8) | −0.0010 (8) | −0.0034 (9) |
C1 | 0.0412 (13) | 0.0376 (13) | 0.0271 (11) | −0.0048 (10) | 0.0001 (9) | −0.0035 (9) |
C2 | 0.0425 (13) | 0.0396 (14) | 0.0382 (13) | −0.0068 (11) | 0.0003 (10) | −0.0015 (10) |
C3 | 0.0423 (14) | 0.0528 (16) | 0.0415 (14) | 0.0012 (12) | −0.0016 (10) | −0.0049 (12) |
C4 | 0.0566 (17) | 0.0420 (15) | 0.0451 (15) | 0.0080 (12) | −0.0068 (12) | −0.0009 (12) |
C5 | 0.0627 (17) | 0.0390 (15) | 0.0399 (14) | −0.0062 (12) | −0.0028 (12) | 0.0009 (11) |
C6 | 0.0464 (14) | 0.0422 (14) | 0.0358 (13) | −0.0076 (11) | 0.0024 (10) | −0.0009 (11) |
C7 | 0.0410 (13) | 0.0397 (14) | 0.0322 (12) | −0.0056 (10) | 0.0029 (9) | 0.0035 (10) |
C8 | 0.0460 (15) | 0.0482 (15) | 0.0407 (14) | −0.0059 (11) | −0.0008 (11) | −0.0037 (11) |
C9 | 0.0495 (16) | 0.0614 (19) | 0.0526 (17) | −0.0123 (14) | −0.0078 (12) | 0.0009 (14) |
C10 | 0.0407 (15) | 0.066 (2) | 0.0649 (19) | −0.0081 (14) | −0.0023 (13) | 0.0171 (16) |
C11 | 0.0483 (16) | 0.0523 (17) | 0.0556 (17) | 0.0054 (13) | 0.0112 (12) | 0.0158 (13) |
C12 | 0.0494 (15) | 0.0396 (14) | 0.0384 (13) | 0.0001 (11) | 0.0039 (10) | 0.0050 (11) |
C13 | 0.0472 (16) | 0.070 (2) | 0.0640 (19) | −0.0076 (14) | 0.0014 (13) | 0.0084 (16) |
C14 | 0.115 (3) | 0.075 (3) | 0.112 (3) | −0.039 (2) | −0.035 (3) | 0.002 (2) |
C16 | 0.084 (2) | 0.065 (2) | 0.0558 (19) | −0.0097 (17) | −0.0108 (16) | 0.0130 (16) |
C17 | 0.082 (2) | 0.0509 (18) | 0.0555 (18) | 0.0011 (16) | 0.0028 (16) | −0.0037 (14) |
C18 | 0.067 (2) | 0.126 (4) | 0.069 (2) | −0.008 (2) | −0.0059 (18) | 0.003 (2) |
C19 | 0.136 (4) | 0.094 (3) | 0.046 (2) | −0.045 (3) | 0.000 (2) | −0.0012 (19) |
C20 | 0.127 (4) | 0.144 (4) | 0.047 (2) | 0.074 (3) | 0.014 (2) | 0.005 (2) |
C21 | 0.090 (3) | 0.088 (3) | 0.079 (3) | −0.014 (2) | 0.019 (2) | 0.010 (2) |
C22 | 0.155 (5) | 0.114 (4) | 0.084 (3) | 0.012 (4) | 0.062 (3) | 0.011 (3) |
C23 | 0.153 (4) | 0.089 (3) | 0.054 (2) | 0.034 (3) | −0.007 (2) | −0.011 (2) |
C24 | 0.101 (3) | 0.061 (2) | 0.065 (2) | −0.0071 (19) | −0.0024 (19) | −0.0148 (17) |
K1—O3 | 2.709 (2) | C12—K1i | 3.268 (3) |
K1—O2 | 2.725 (2) | C12—H12A | 0.9500 |
K1—O1 | 2.726 (2) | C13—C14 | 1.492 (5) |
K1—N1 | 2.795 (2) | C13—H13A | 0.9900 |
K1—N1i | 2.856 (2) | C13—H13B | 0.9900 |
K1—C12i | 3.268 (3) | C14—C15A | 1.474 (8) |
K1—C7i | 3.277 (2) | C14—C15 | 1.499 (10) |
K1—C1i | 3.297 (2) | C14—H14A | 0.9900 |
K1—C7 | 3.423 (2) | C14—H14B | 0.9900 |
K1—C12 | 3.441 (3) | C14—H14C | 0.9900 |
K1—K1i | 4.1643 (11) | C14—H14D | 0.9900 |
O1—C16 | 1.416 (4) | C15—C16 | 1.380 (10) |
O1—C13 | 1.428 (4) | C15—H15A | 0.9900 |
O2—C17 | 1.418 (4) | C15—H15B | 0.9900 |
O2—C20 | 1.446 (5) | C15A—C16 | 1.551 (7) |
O3—C21 | 1.401 (4) | C15A—H15C | 0.9900 |
O3—C24 | 1.418 (4) | C15A—H15D | 0.9900 |
N1—C7 | 1.370 (3) | C16—H16A | 0.9900 |
N1—C1 | 1.374 (3) | C16—H16B | 0.9900 |
N1—K1i | 2.856 (2) | C16—H16C | 0.9900 |
C1—C6 | 1.409 (3) | C16—H16D | 0.9900 |
C1—C2 | 1.422 (3) | C17—C18 | 1.461 (5) |
C1—K1i | 3.297 (2) | C17—H17A | 0.9900 |
C2—C3 | 1.380 (4) | C17—H17B | 0.9900 |
C2—H2A | 0.9500 | C18—C19 | 1.442 (6) |
C3—C4 | 1.375 (4) | C18—H18A | 0.9900 |
C3—H3A | 0.9500 | C18—H18B | 0.9900 |
C4—C5 | 1.387 (4) | C19—C20 | 1.473 (6) |
C4—H4A | 0.9500 | C19—H19A | 0.9900 |
C5—C6 | 1.381 (4) | C19—H19B | 0.9900 |
C5—H5A | 0.9500 | C20—H20A | 0.9900 |
C6—H6A | 0.9500 | C20—H20B | 0.9900 |
C7—C8 | 1.418 (3) | C21—C22 | 1.511 (6) |
C7—C12 | 1.412 (4) | C21—H21A | 0.9900 |
C7—K1i | 3.277 (2) | C21—H21B | 0.9900 |
C8—C9 | 1.380 (4) | C22—C23 | 1.508 (7) |
C8—H8A | 0.9500 | C22—H22A | 0.9900 |
C9—C10 | 1.377 (4) | C22—H22B | 0.9900 |
C9—H9A | 0.9500 | C23—C24 | 1.486 (5) |
C10—C11 | 1.389 (4) | C23—H23A | 0.9900 |
C10—H10A | 0.9500 | C23—H23B | 0.9900 |
C11—C12 | 1.381 (4) | C24—H24A | 0.9900 |
C11—H11A | 0.9500 | C24—H24B | 0.9900 |
O3—K1—O2 | 91.40 (8) | C11—C12—K1 | 141.01 (18) |
O3—K1—O1 | 83.05 (7) | C7—C12—K1 | 77.40 (14) |
O2—K1—O1 | 88.67 (7) | K1i—C12—K1 | 76.69 (6) |
O3—K1—N1 | 83.69 (6) | C11—C12—H12A | 118.9 |
O2—K1—N1 | 112.72 (7) | C7—C12—H12A | 118.9 |
O1—K1—N1 | 155.04 (7) | K1i—C12—H12A | 57.7 |
O3—K1—N1i | 154.28 (7) | K1—C12—H12A | 54.6 |
O2—K1—N1i | 114.29 (7) | O1—C13—C14 | 106.4 (3) |
O1—K1—N1i | 98.08 (6) | O1—C13—H13A | 110.4 |
N1—K1—N1i | 85.07 (6) | C14—C13—H13A | 110.4 |
O3—K1—C12i | 109.59 (7) | O1—C13—H13B | 110.4 |
O2—K1—C12i | 156.84 (8) | C14—C13—H13B | 110.4 |
O1—K1—C12i | 84.43 (6) | H13A—C13—H13B | 108.6 |
N1—K1—C12i | 80.24 (6) | C15A—C14—C15 | 29.5 (4) |
N1i—K1—C12i | 45.49 (6) | C15A—C14—C13 | 105.6 (4) |
O3—K1—C7i | 133.17 (7) | C15—C14—C13 | 104.3 (4) |
O2—K1—C7i | 132.08 (8) | C15A—C14—H14A | 83.5 |
O1—K1—C7i | 81.85 (6) | C15—C14—H14A | 110.9 |
N1—K1—C7i | 92.05 (6) | C13—C14—H14A | 110.9 |
N1i—K1—C7i | 24.59 (6) | C15A—C14—H14B | 133.0 |
C12i—K1—C7i | 24.92 (6) | C15—C14—H14B | 110.9 |
O3—K1—C1i | 172.86 (6) | C13—C14—H14B | 110.9 |
O2—K1—C1i | 91.05 (7) | H14A—C14—H14B | 108.9 |
O1—K1—C1i | 90.30 (6) | C15A—C14—H14C | 110.6 |
N1—K1—C1i | 101.53 (6) | C15—C14—H14C | 134.4 |
N1i—K1—C1i | 24.49 (6) | C13—C14—H14C | 110.6 |
C12i—K1—C1i | 66.97 (6) | H14A—C14—H14C | 28.8 |
C7i—K1—C1i | 42.55 (6) | H14B—C14—H14C | 83.1 |
O3—K1—C7 | 90.39 (6) | C15A—C14—H14D | 110.6 |
O2—K1—C7 | 90.97 (7) | C15—C14—H14D | 84.3 |
O1—K1—C7 | 173.42 (7) | C13—C14—H14D | 110.6 |
N1—K1—C7 | 22.70 (6) | H14A—C14—H14D | 129.9 |
N1i—K1—C7 | 88.06 (6) | H14B—C14—H14D | 28.2 |
C12i—K1—C7 | 98.34 (6) | H14C—C14—H14D | 108.7 |
C7i—K1—C7 | 103.18 (5) | C16—C15—C14 | 108.1 (6) |
C1i—K1—C7 | 96.27 (6) | C16—C15—H15A | 110.1 |
O3—K1—C12 | 109.88 (7) | C14—C15—H15A | 110.1 |
O2—K1—C12 | 77.41 (7) | C16—C15—H15B | 110.1 |
O1—K1—C12 | 160.97 (7) | C14—C15—H15B | 110.1 |
N1—K1—C12 | 43.72 (6) | H15A—C15—H15B | 108.4 |
N1i—K1—C12 | 76.47 (6) | C14—C15A—C16 | 100.9 (4) |
C12i—K1—C12 | 103.31 (6) | C14—C15A—H15C | 111.6 |
C7i—K1—C12 | 97.79 (6) | C16—C15A—H15C | 111.6 |
C1i—K1—C12 | 77.21 (6) | C14—C15A—H15D | 111.6 |
C7—K1—C12 | 23.75 (6) | C16—C15A—H15D | 111.6 |
O3—K1—K1i | 122.96 (5) | H15C—C15A—H15D | 109.4 |
O2—K1—K1i | 122.77 (6) | C15—C16—O1 | 108.9 (4) |
O1—K1—K1i | 134.82 (5) | C15—C16—C15A | 29.2 (4) |
N1—K1—K1i | 43.10 (4) | O1—C16—C15A | 105.3 (3) |
N1i—K1—K1i | 41.97 (4) | C15—C16—H16A | 109.9 |
C12i—K1—K1i | 53.53 (5) | O1—C16—H16A | 109.9 |
C7i—K1—K1i | 53.16 (4) | C15A—C16—H16A | 134.6 |
C1i—K1—K1i | 60.66 (4) | C15—C16—H16B | 109.9 |
C7—K1—K1i | 50.02 (4) | O1—C16—H16B | 109.9 |
C12—K1—K1i | 49.79 (4) | C15A—C16—H16B | 84.9 |
C16—O1—C13 | 109.8 (2) | H16A—C16—H16B | 108.3 |
C16—O1—K1 | 115.80 (18) | C15—C16—H16C | 130.7 |
C13—O1—K1 | 128.60 (18) | O1—C16—H16C | 110.7 |
C17—O2—C20 | 107.2 (3) | C15A—C16—H16C | 110.7 |
C17—O2—K1 | 116.32 (18) | H16A—C16—H16C | 82.7 |
C20—O2—K1 | 117.0 (2) | H16B—C16—H16C | 27.7 |
C21—O3—C24 | 110.6 (3) | C15—C16—H16D | 82.8 |
C21—O3—K1 | 124.0 (2) | O1—C16—H16D | 110.7 |
C24—O3—K1 | 120.7 (2) | C15A—C16—H16D | 110.7 |
C7—N1—C1 | 120.8 (2) | H16A—C16—H16D | 29.2 |
C7—N1—K1 | 105.35 (14) | H16B—C16—H16D | 130.1 |
C1—N1—K1 | 131.14 (15) | H16C—C16—H16D | 108.8 |
C7—N1—K1i | 95.21 (14) | O2—C17—C18 | 106.6 (3) |
C1—N1—K1i | 96.02 (14) | O2—C17—H17A | 110.4 |
K1—N1—K1i | 94.93 (6) | C18—C17—H17A | 110.4 |
N1—C1—C6 | 126.0 (2) | O2—C17—H17B | 110.4 |
N1—C1—C2 | 118.5 (2) | C18—C17—H17B | 110.4 |
C6—C1—C2 | 115.2 (2) | H17A—C17—H17B | 108.6 |
N1—C1—K1i | 59.49 (12) | C19—C18—C17 | 104.8 (4) |
C6—C1—K1i | 92.98 (14) | C19—C18—H18A | 110.8 |
C2—C1—K1i | 115.53 (15) | C17—C18—H18A | 110.8 |
C3—C2—C1 | 121.8 (2) | C19—C18—H18B | 110.8 |
C3—C2—H2A | 119.1 | C17—C18—H18B | 110.8 |
C1—C2—H2A | 119.1 | H18A—C18—H18B | 108.9 |
C4—C3—C2 | 121.4 (2) | C18—C19—C20 | 102.5 (3) |
C4—C3—H3A | 119.3 | C18—C19—H19A | 111.3 |
C2—C3—H3A | 119.3 | C20—C19—H19A | 111.3 |
C3—C4—C5 | 118.4 (3) | C18—C19—H19B | 111.3 |
C3—C4—H4A | 120.8 | C20—C19—H19B | 111.3 |
C5—C4—H4A | 120.8 | H19A—C19—H19B | 109.2 |
C6—C5—C4 | 121.0 (3) | O2—C20—C19 | 106.1 (3) |
C6—C5—H5A | 119.5 | O2—C20—H20A | 110.5 |
C4—C5—H5A | 119.5 | C19—C20—H20A | 110.5 |
C5—C6—C1 | 122.2 (2) | O2—C20—H20B | 110.5 |
C5—C6—H6A | 118.9 | C19—C20—H20B | 110.5 |
C1—C6—H6A | 118.9 | H20A—C20—H20B | 108.7 |
N1—C7—C8 | 125.2 (2) | O3—C21—C22 | 106.7 (4) |
N1—C7—C12 | 119.1 (2) | O3—C21—H21A | 110.4 |
C8—C7—C12 | 115.5 (2) | C22—C21—H21A | 110.4 |
N1—C7—K1i | 60.20 (12) | O3—C21—H21B | 110.4 |
C8—C7—K1i | 140.00 (17) | C22—C21—H21B | 110.4 |
C12—C7—K1i | 77.16 (14) | H21A—C21—H21B | 108.6 |
N1—C7—K1 | 51.96 (12) | C21—C22—C23 | 103.2 (3) |
C8—C7—K1 | 140.94 (17) | C21—C22—H22A | 111.1 |
C12—C7—K1 | 78.85 (14) | C23—C22—H22A | 111.1 |
K1i—C7—K1 | 76.82 (5) | C21—C22—H22B | 111.1 |
C9—C8—C7 | 121.4 (3) | C23—C22—H22B | 111.1 |
C9—C8—H8A | 119.3 | H22A—C22—H22B | 109.1 |
C7—C8—H8A | 119.3 | C24—C23—C22 | 102.7 (4) |
C10—C9—C8 | 121.7 (3) | C24—C23—H23A | 111.2 |
C10—C9—H9A | 119.1 | C22—C23—H23A | 111.2 |
C8—C9—H9A | 119.1 | C24—C23—H23B | 111.2 |
C9—C10—C11 | 118.4 (3) | C22—C23—H23B | 111.2 |
C9—C10—H10A | 120.8 | H23A—C23—H23B | 109.1 |
C11—C10—H10A | 120.8 | O3—C24—C23 | 104.7 (3) |
C12—C11—C10 | 120.6 (3) | O3—C24—H24A | 110.8 |
C12—C11—H11A | 119.7 | C23—C24—H24A | 110.8 |
C10—C11—H11A | 119.7 | O3—C24—H24B | 110.8 |
C11—C12—C7 | 122.3 (3) | C23—C24—H24B | 110.8 |
C11—C12—K1i | 136.53 (17) | H24A—C24—H24B | 108.9 |
C7—C12—K1i | 77.91 (14) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [K2(C4H8O)6(C12H10N)2] |
Mr | 847.24 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21/c |
Temperature (K) | 183 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.6546 (3), 13.9660 (8), 17.7356 (9) |
β (°) | 92.639 (3) |
V (Å3) | 2388.9 (2) |
Z | 2 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.25 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.05 × 0.05 × 0.04 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (Blessing, 1995) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.977, 0.997 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 15517, 5438, 3612 |
Rint | 0.050 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.649 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.060, 0.169, 0.95 |
No. of reflections | 5438 |
No. of parameters | 261 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.39, −0.30 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998), DENZO (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), DENZO, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), XP in SHELXTL/PC (Siemens, 1990), SHELXL97.
One the one hand, potassium diphenylamide has been used for the synthesis of various transition metal diphenylamides, for example those of Cr (Seidel & Reichardt, 1974), Pd (Villanueva et al., 1994), Th (Barnhart et al., 1995), Nb (Tayebani et al., 1998), Y and Sm (Gamer et al., 2001), Yb (Hitchcock et al., 2002), and Re (Hevia et al., 2002). On the other hand, lactones and α,β-unsaturated cycloketones (Longi et al., 1965), octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (Kucera & Jelinek, 1959), and isocyanates (Grogler & Windemuth, 1966) could be polymerized with potassium diphenylamide as a catalyst. Though this compound is often cited in literature (Barnhart et al., 1995; Bergstrom et al., 1942; Cheshko & Goncharenko, 1971; Fröhlich, 1975), neither an exact synthetic approach nor structural or spectroscopic data have been published. Here we present a straightforward synthesis of potassium diphenylamide and the first molecular structure of a simple potassium amide. KNPh2 was made of potassium and diphenylamine in boiling THF. Cooling a solution to -90 °C led to the formation of single crystals of (thf)3K(µ2-NPh2)2K(thf)3. In the crystalline state, potassium diphenylamide forms a dimeric centrosymmetric molecule with a four-membered KNKiNi ring [symmetry code: (i) 2 - x, 1 - y, -z]. Additionally, each K atom is saturated with three THF molecules. The coordination sphere of K is square-pyramidal with O2 occupying the apical position and N1, N1i, O1, and O3 lying on the basal positions.