research papers
Coordinate analysis of the multiple phase transitions in hexagonal YMnO3 leads to the prediction of a previously unknown aristotype phase, with the resulting phase-transition sequence: P63′cm′(e.g.) ↔ P63cm ↔ P63/mcm ↔ P63/mmc ↔ P6/mmm. Below the Néel temperature TN ≃ 75 K, the structure is antiferromagnetic with the magnetic symmetry not yet determined. Above TN the P63cm phase is ferroelectric with Curie temperature TC ≃ 1105 K. The nonpolar paramagnetic phase stable between TC and ∼ 1360 K transforms to a second nonpolar paramagnetic phase stable to ∼ 1600 K, with unit-cell volume one-third that below 1360 K. The predicted aristotype phase at the highest temperature is nonpolar and paramagnetic, with unit-cell volume reduced by a further factor of 2. Coordinate analysis of the three well known phase transitions undergone by tetragonal BaTiO3, with space-group sequence R3m ↔ Amm2 ↔ P4mm ↔ Pmm, provides a basis for deriving the aristotype phase in YMnO3. Landau theory allows the I ↔ II, III ↔ IV and IV ↔ V phase transitions in YMnO3, and also the I ↔ II phase transition in BaTiO3, to be continuous; all four, however, unambiguously exhibit first-order characteristics. The origin of phase transitions, permitted by theory to be second order, that are first order instead have not yet been thoroughly investigated; several possibilities are briefly considered.
Supporting information
Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768109021144/bk5086sup1.pdf |