Structure of bovine carbonic anhydrase II at 1.95 Å resolution

Carbonic anhydrase (CA) is a zinc-containing enzyme that catalyzes the reversible hydration of CO₂ to HCO. In eukaryotes, the enzyme plays a role in various physiological functions, including interconversion between CO₂ and HCO in intermediary metabolism, facilitated diffusion of CO₂, pH homeostasis and ion transport. The structure of bovine carbonic anhydrase II (BCA II) has been determined by molecular replacement and refined to 1.95 Å resolution by simulated-annealing and individual B-factor refinement. The final R factor for the BCA II structure was 19.4%. BCA II has a C-terminal knot structure similar to that observed in human CA II. It contains one zinc ion in the active site coordinated to three histidines and one putative water molecule in a tetrahedral geometry. The structure of BCA II reveals a probable alternative proton-wire pathway that differs from that of HCA II.