Structure of fibroblast growth factor 9 shows a symmetric dimer with unique receptor- and heparin-binding interfaces

Fibroblast growth factors (FGFs) constitute a family of at least 20 structurally related heparin-binding polypeptides active in regulating cell growth, survival, differentiation and migration. FGF9, originally discovered as a glia-activating factor, shares 30% sequence identity with other FGFs and has a unique spectrum of target-cell specificity. FGF9 crystallized in the tetragonal space group I4₁, with unit-cell parameters a = b = 151.9, c = 117.2 Å. The structure of the glycosylated protein has been refined to an R value of 21.0% with R_free = 24.8%) at 2.6 Å resolution. The four molecules in the asymmetric unit are arranged in two non-crystallographic dimers, with the dimer interface composed partly of residues from N- and C-terminal extensions from the FGF core structure. Most of the receptor-binding residues identified in FGF1– and FGF2–receptor complexes are buried in the dimer interface, with the β8–β9 loop stabilized in a particular conformation by an intramolecular hydrogen-bonding network. The potential heparin-binding sites are in a pattern distinct from FGF1 and FGF2. The carbohydrate moiety attached at Asn79 has no structural influence.