A gas monitor detector was implemented and characterized at the Soft X-ray Research instrument (SXR) to measure the average, absolute and pulse-resolved photon flux of the LCLS beam in the energy range between 280 and 2000 eV.

Intensity monitors for high-intensity X-ray pulses based on diamond plates with beryllium and graphite electrodes are presented.

This study introduces a compact, portable femtosecond fibre laser system optimized for synchronization with SPring-8 synchrotron X-ray pulses in a uniform filling mode, offering a practical and cost-effective alternative to traditionally, fixed, installed laser systems for time-resolved spectroscopy combining synchrotron X-ray pulses and laser pulses.

XFEL radiation based on the stochastic SASE principle can be described by a low-dimensional configuration space. This space of pulse shapes can be sufficiently sampled before an imaging experiment. This approach is used to implement near-field holography of dynamic processes, demonstrated for the example of a micro-fluidic jet illuminated by the divergent wavefront emanating from a compound refractive lens nano-focus. Droplet formation in the break-up regime of the jet, as well as the hydrodynamic phenomena following plasma generation by an intense infrared laser pulse, can be imaged, based on flat-field corrected holograms and subsequent phase retrieval.

Diamond sensors have been developed and tested for operation with high-energy X-ray beams at the European XFEL.

The newly constructed time-resolved atomic, molecular and optical science instrument (TMO), configured to take full advantage of both linear accelerators at SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, the copper accelerator operating at a repetition rate of 120 Hz providing high per-pulse energy as well as the superconducting accelerator operating at a repetition rate of about 1 MHz providing high average intensity, is described.

This review constitutes an overview of the current status of time-resolved crystallography performed at synchrotrons and XFELs on timescales ranging from femtoseconds to minutes. Methods, potential biases, instruments and examples are presented and compared with those for the cryo-trapping of reaction-intermediate states.

The optical design of a beamline dedicated to spectroscopy and scattering with picosecond X-ray pulses generated by the RF deflection of the electrons in a storage ring is described. The requirements for canceling the effect of off-axis radiation lengthening the duration of the picosecond pulses are detailed.

The novel line detector KALYPSO has been developed for the measurement of one-dimensional profiles at high-repetition-rate free-electron lasers (FELs) and synchrotron radiation facilities. The current version has 256 pixels with a continuous data readout at a maximum frame rate of 2.7 MHz. At FLASH, KALYPSO has been utilized as photon diagnostics for monitoring pulse-resolved FEL spectra at a repetition rate of 1.0 MHz. KALYPSO is a collaborative effort between the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI), Lodz University of Technology (TUL-DMCS) and Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY).

The technical realisation as well as the first commissioning experiments of a high-speed X-ray detection scheme based on a quadrant avalanche silicon photodiode for single-pulse multiphoton detection of synchrotron radiation are described. It is shown that the detector is able to record the exact number of photons for each pulse continuously at a repetition rate of ≥31 MHz.