A clustering algorithm based on deep learning is proposed to perform accurate image reconstruction from noisy coherent diffraction patterns. Structural changes in mitochondria induced by X-ray radiation damage are quantitatively characterized and analysed at the nanoscale with different radiation doses.

This work evaluates the impact of experimental conditions on image quality when performing synchrotron X-ray in-line phase contrast nano-tomography on mineralized biomaterials. For this purpose, a computational procedure to investigate signal-to-noise ratio and spatial resolution is proposed.

The program SUNBIM, here presented, is a novel suite of programs designed for scientists who make use of small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) and grazing-incidence SAXS/WAXS (GISAXS/GIWAXS) techniques for the structural characterization of artificial or natural materials. It consists of four sections: (1) Calibration; (2) Batch Script & 2D Mesh Composite; (3) multi-scan SAXS and WAXS data analysis (M-SAWANA); (4) single-scan SAXS and WAXS data analysis (S-SAWANA).

Biological materials obtain their properties through hierarchical structuring. Understanding such materials calls for multimodal and multiscale approaches. Based on two example systems, bone and shell, we discuss current analytical approaches, their capabilities and limits, and how to tie them together to fully cover the different length scales involved in understanding materials' functions. We will further discuss advances in this area and future developments, the possible roadblocks (radiation damage, data quantity, sample preparation) and potential ways to overcome them.

Martensitic transformation in crystals of reversibly switchable fluorescent protein Tetdron can be photo-induced by illumination with 400 nm light at room temperature. The phase transition results in tetramerization of the protein in crystallo coupled with chromophore deprotonation as demonstrated by X-ray photocrystallography and spectroscopic measurements.

Calixarene-mediated protein assembly provides a basis for the development of new types of biomaterials. A fourth structure of the Ralstonia solanacearum lectin–sulfonato-calix[8]arene complex expands the crystal-engineering landscape and suggests an alternative pH trigger of assembly.

The aliphatic dipeptide alanine–isoleucine (Ala–Ile), protected with a benzyl­oxycarbonyl (Z) group at the N-terminus, forms hollow microtubes with ortho­rhom­bic symmetry upon evaporation on glass surfaces, as shown by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). These findings provide an increased understanding of the correlation between the single-crystal structure of the peptide building block and its self-assembly mechanism, and expand the library of available building blocks for microtechnological applications.

Solid–solid phase transitions in adenine riboswitch crystals are characterized using atomic force microscopy and polarized video microscopy.

A new protein crystallography beamline (BL-11C) has been constructed at Pohang Light Source II. The BL-11C beamline allows routine protein-structure determinations under a robot sample-mounting system and room-temperature structure determinations through synchrotron serial crystallography experiments.

A machine-learning (ML) based framework can help to unveil the nanofiber orientation in hierarchically structured biological materials with the advantages of fast speed and automation. It promises to meet the analysis demand of extensive amounts of related data online and in real time in near-future next-generation synchrotrons.