The synchrotron-radiation-based phase-contrast imaging method is a more effective tool than absorption-contrast imaging for systematic visualization of cerebral microvasculature, which holds considerable promise for wider application in life sciences, including 3D micro-imaging in experimental models of neurodevelopmental and vascular disorders.

Z-contrast images and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show both Ca–Na ordering and density modulation in an Na-rich plagioclase feldspar. The neighboring lamellar domains with I1 symmetry are in an inversion twinning relationship.

Mo₃Si with a small off-stoichiometry in composition has an incommensurate crystal structure with a non-cubic unit cell. Atom-probe tomography and atomic resolution Z-contrast imaging suggest that site substitution causes the development of split atomic positions, disorder and vacancies.

Processing of phase-contrast images in laboratory conditions is described.

A Zernike X-ray full-field microscope has been set up and applied to imaging of biological samples.

A synchrotron-radiation-based propagation phase-contrast imaging approach is presented for visualizing the three-dimentional angioarchitecture of a mouse brain at ultrahigh resolution without any contrast agent.

Problems of imaging dentinal tubules using synchrotron radiation (SR) are addressed. In computer modeling of a phantom material similar to dentin, it was assumed that the radiation was coherent and that the tubules were parallel to each other. Real millimetre-sized dentin specimens have been investigated by SR microtomography when the incident radiation is not fully coherent. Tomograms were reconstructed from experimental projections using an algorithm for incoherent radiation. The directions of the tubules in a volume of the specimens were generated. However, the tubule cross-section structure cannot be restored.

A generalized reverse projection method has been established analytically for grating-based phase tomography with non-uniform reference. The method combines the advantages of the high efficiency of the reverse projection method and the universal applicability of the phase-stepping method.

First results of in-line holography and holotomography from the NanoMAX beamline at MAX IV are presented.

Medical contrast media are presented as possible tools to probe the internal structure of soft-matter and biological systems by small-angle X-ray scattering solvent contrast variation.