Quantification of passivation layer growth in inert anodes for molten salt electrochemistry by in situ energy-dispersive diffraction

The formation of rutile passivation layers on Magnéli-phase anodes in an operational titanium electrowinning cell was observed by energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. Quantitative phase analysis of the energy-dispersive data was undertaken using a crystal-structure-based Rietveld refinement and layer thicknesses were calculated.

In situ studies into the formation kinetics of potassium jarosite

This paper reports the results of time-resolved synchrotron powder diffraction and small-angle scattering experiments designed to investigate the formation of potassium jarosite.