A differential pumping system to deliver windowless VUV photons at atmospheric pressure

The design and operation of a differential pumping system on a bending magnet beamline is reported. This system allows vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) photons down to 60 nm to be delivered at atmospheric pressure.

Carbon contamination of soft X-ray beamlines: dramatic anti-reflection coating effects observed in the 1 keV photon energy region

When carbon contamination of beamline optics reaches thicknesses of several nanometres, strong reflectivity losses are observed in the 1 keV photon energy region.