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The reported investigations reveal that the crystalline perfection and optical properties of crystals grown by the vertical Bridgman technique with a specially designed double-walled ampoule are better than those of the usually used single-walled ampoule-grown crystals.

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High-quality single crystals of Zr–Fe co-doped lithium niobate have been grown by the Czochralski method using an automatic diameter-controlled crystal puller. The grown crystals have been assessed by various X-ray techniques to determine the lattice parameter, strain, crystalline perfection and composition variation. The optical properties were investigated and a thermal analysis was conducted to identify the potential for device fabrication.

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Single crystals of Mg-doped lithium niobate with diffrent dopant concentrations were grown using a automatic diameter controlled crystal puller. Crack formation at the higher dopant concentration (6 mol%) was observed, although a good-quality crystal could be grown at the same concentration with a change in the pulling rate; this result is related to the thermal conductivity of the material. An investigation of the crystalline perfection and optical properties and a thermal analysis were carried out, in consideration of potential usage for device fabrication.
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