Versatile in situ powder X-ray diffraction cells for solid–gas investigations

Two multipurpose sample cells of quartz (SiO₂) or sapphire (Al₂O₃) capillaries, developed for the study of solid–gas reactions in dosing or flow mode, are presented. They allow fast change of pressure up to 100 or 300 bar (1 bar = 100 000 Pa) and can also handle solid–liquid–gas studies.