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Acta Cryst. (2014). A70, C680
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The detector group of the Swiss Light Source (SLS) at the Paul Scherrer Institut (PSI) has a long history of x-ray detector developments for synchrotrons. Initially these detectors were all single photon counting systems. In the last years the focus at PSI was moving towards charge integrating systems mainly driven by the detector needs for the upcoming XFELs. Charge integrating systems however also solve some of the problems of single photon counting systems. Charge integrating systems have an almost infinite linear count rate capability, allow systems with smallest pixel sizes and for low photon energies. In this presentation we give an overview of the detector developments at PSI and focus on Jungfrau, Mönch and Eiger. Eiger is a single photon counting system specifically developed for high frame rates. It has a 75 micron pixel size and can run at frame rates up to 24 kHz. A 9M Eiger detector will be installed in a few months at the cSAXS beamline of the SLS. Jungfrau uses the same sensor as Eiger (about 4cm x 8 cm with a pixel size of 75 microns). It has a charge integrating architecture with dynamic gain switching to achieve a dynamic range of 10^4 photons (at 12 keV). With a frame rate of up to 2 kHz Jungfrau is currently being developed for applications at both XFELs and synchrotrons. 16M Jungfrau detectors are foreseen at the SwissFEL. Mönch is currently a research project. A first prototype with 160x160 pixels and a pixel size of 25 microns was designed and is currently characterised. It offers the smallest pixel size of current hybrid pixel detectors and also has a very low noise allowing hybrid pixel detectors to be used down to about 400eV. We present measurement results for Jungfrau, Mönch and Eiger and give an outlook on future possible systems.
Keywords: x-ray detector.

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Acta Cryst. (2014). A70, C694
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The European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (XFEL.EU) [1] will provide ultra-short, highly-intense, coherent x-ray pulses at an unprecedented repetition rate, transforming experiments in many scientific areas, including serial femtosecond crystallography (SFX). For the purpose of SFX experiments at the XFEL.EU, a dedicated endstation is being developed to be installed within the Single Particles, Clusters and Biomolecules (SPB) instrument [2]. The setup will refocus the beam spent by SPB into a second interaction region, thereby enabling two parallel experiments. In order to overcome various challenges in XFEL crystallography, and to optimize the output for SFX experiments at XFEL.EU, the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector (AGIPD) [3] is currently under development and is to be implemented in the SPB instrument, including a 4 Megapixel version for the SFX apparatus. The AGIPD is a hybrid-pixel detector with pixels of 200 x 200 micron^2 each. The gain of each single pixel dynamically and independently adapts to the incoming signal. Thus, diffraction patterns of high dynamic range can be recorded, with the measured signal within a single data frame ranging from single photons and up to 1e+4 photons at 12 keV. Moreover, the AGIPD is designed to store over 350 data frames from successive pulses prior to digitization and read-out, thereby enabling operation at the European XFEL with its challenging repetition rate with 10 Hz pulse trains and a 4.5 MHz intra-train repetition rate. Furthermore, the incorporation of a veto system in AGIPD will allow one to potentially store only the frames that contain diffraction data from actual crystal hits, which ultimately increases the efficiency of the detector and DAQ systems dramatically. In the present work, we will review the design of the 4Mpix AGIPD for the SFX apparatus and discuss simulations and tests of its expected performance under the conditions foreseen for SFX experiments at the XFEL.EU.
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