Simultaneous measurement of X-ray diffraction and ferroelectric polarization data as a function of applied electric field and frequency

The characteristics of a new ferroelectric measurement system at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility are presented. The electric-field-induced phase transitions of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-xPbTiO₃ are determined via in situ measurements of electric polarization within the synchrotron diffraction beamline. Real-time data collection methods on single-crystal samples are employed as a function of frequency to determine the microstructural origin of piezoelectric effects within these materials, probing the dynamic ferroelectric response.