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EXAFS (extended X-ray absorption fine structure) experiments were performed at several different temperatures for a series of 3d transition metal ions (Cr3+, Fe3+, Fe2+, Ni2+, Co2+, Zn2+) in aqueous solutions. Anharmonic EXAFS analyses, which include up to third order cumulant, were carried out to study on the metal-oxygen bonding potential. According to the model in which the dissociation process is dominant for the ligand-water exchange reaction, the dissociation energy has been first evaluated from EXAFS in solution phase.

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