Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807040238/sj2329sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536807040238/sj2329Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 660134
3,5-Dibromo-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (1.0 mmol, 280.0 mg), N-cyclohexylpropane-1,3-diamine (1.0 mmol, 156.2 mg), and nickel nitrate hexahydrate (0.5 mmol, 145.4 mg) were dissolved in a methanol solution (50 ml). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 30 min and filtered. After keeping the filtrate in air for 12 days, green block-shaped crystals were formed.
All H-atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model with C—H = 0.93 Å, Uiso = 1.2Ueq (C) for aromatic 0.97 Å, Uiso = 1.2Ueq (C) for CH2, 0.96 Å, Uiso = 1.5Ueq (C) for CH3, 0.90 Å, Uiso = 1.2Ueq (N) for NH and 0.82 Å, Uiso = 1.5Ueq (O) for OH atoms.
Recently, we have reported the structures of a few Schiff base copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes (Yuan & Zhang, 2005; Yuan et al., 2007). As an extension of our investigations in this area we report herein the title new mononuclear Schiff base nickel(II) complex.
The complex consists of a mononuclear complex molecule and two lattice methanol molecules (Fig. 1). The NiII atom, lying on the inversion centre, is six-coordinated by two imine N and two phenolic O atoms from two Schiff base ligands and by two N atoms from two thiocyanate ligands, in octahedral coordination. The bond lengths and angles to the Ni(II) atom are comparable to the values in other similar complexes (Diao, 2007; Li et al., 2007; Li & Wang, 2007). The cyclohexyl rings adopt chair conformations.
For related structures, see: Diao (2007); Yuan & Zhang (2005); Yuan et al. (2007); Li et al. (2007); Li & Wang (2007).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1998); cell refinement: SMART; data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 1998); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997a); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997a); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 1997b); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
Fig. 1. The structure of (I). Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 30% probability level. Labelled atoms are related to unlabelled atoms by the symmetry operation -x + 2, -y + 1, -z. |
[Ni(NCS)2(C16H22Br2N2O)2]·2CH4O | Z = 1 |
Mr = 1075.31 | F(000) = 542 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 1.621 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
a = 9.3410 (19) Å | Cell parameters from 1932 reflections |
b = 10.957 (2) Å | θ = 2.3–24.9° |
c = 12.210 (2) Å | µ = 4.21 mm−1 |
α = 108.28 (3)° | T = 298 K |
β = 104.21 (3)° | Block, green |
γ = 100.80 (3)° | 0.27 × 0.23 × 0.22 mm |
V = 1101.8 (4) Å3 |
Bruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector diffractometer | 4504 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 2992 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.033 |
ω scans | θmax = 26.5°, θmin = 1.9° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | h = −11→11 |
Tmin = 0.397, Tmax = 0.458 | k = −13→13 |
8978 measured reflections | l = −15→15 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.107 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.048P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
4504 reflections | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
243 parameters | Δρmax = 0.60 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
[Ni(NCS)2(C16H22Br2N2O)2]·2CH4O | γ = 100.80 (3)° |
Mr = 1075.31 | V = 1101.8 (4) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 1 |
a = 9.3410 (19) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 10.957 (2) Å | µ = 4.21 mm−1 |
c = 12.210 (2) Å | T = 298 K |
α = 108.28 (3)° | 0.27 × 0.23 × 0.22 mm |
β = 104.21 (3)° |
Bruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector diffractometer | 4504 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) | 2992 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.397, Tmax = 0.458 | Rint = 0.033 |
8978 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.045 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.107 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.01 | Δρmax = 0.60 e Å−3 |
4504 reflections | Δρmin = −0.32 e Å−3 |
243 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Ni1 | 1.0000 | 0.5000 | 0.0000 | 0.02932 (18) | |
Br1 | 1.51132 (5) | 0.62678 (5) | 0.30412 (4) | 0.05920 (18) | |
Br2 | 1.33026 (6) | 0.98998 (5) | 0.64540 (4) | 0.06664 (19) | |
S1 | 0.67133 (19) | 0.12546 (13) | 0.02759 (16) | 0.0838 (5) | |
O1 | 1.1701 (3) | 0.5367 (2) | 0.1599 (2) | 0.0343 (6) | |
O2 | 0.4154 (4) | 0.6690 (5) | 0.7706 (4) | 0.0961 (14) | |
H2 | 0.3910 | 0.7163 | 0.8256 | 0.144* | |
N1 | 0.8749 (3) | 0.5875 (3) | 0.1069 (3) | 0.0308 (7) | |
N2 | 0.7392 (4) | 0.6953 (3) | −0.1414 (3) | 0.0370 (8) | |
H2A | 0.6383 | 0.6774 | −0.1815 | 0.044* | |
H2B | 0.7599 | 0.6164 | −0.1507 | 0.044* | |
N3 | 0.8862 (4) | 0.3162 (3) | −0.0011 (3) | 0.0406 (8) | |
C1 | 1.0902 (5) | 0.6977 (4) | 0.2983 (3) | 0.0346 (9) | |
C2 | 1.2019 (4) | 0.6386 (4) | 0.2618 (3) | 0.0336 (9) | |
C3 | 1.3531 (5) | 0.6978 (4) | 0.3463 (4) | 0.0369 (10) | |
C4 | 1.3914 (5) | 0.8006 (4) | 0.4567 (3) | 0.0428 (11) | |
H4 | 1.4930 | 0.8359 | 0.5086 | 0.051* | |
C5 | 1.2775 (5) | 0.8511 (4) | 0.4899 (3) | 0.0402 (10) | |
C6 | 1.1291 (5) | 0.8001 (4) | 0.4125 (3) | 0.0391 (10) | |
H6 | 1.0527 | 0.8340 | 0.4362 | 0.047* | |
C7 | 0.9310 (5) | 0.6557 (4) | 0.2211 (4) | 0.0357 (9) | |
H7 | 0.8612 | 0.6817 | 0.2597 | 0.043* | |
C8 | 0.7085 (4) | 0.5674 (4) | 0.0512 (4) | 0.0361 (9) | |
H8A | 0.6524 | 0.5346 | 0.0983 | 0.043* | |
H8B | 0.6724 | 0.4997 | −0.0308 | 0.043* | |
C9 | 0.6743 (5) | 0.6966 (4) | 0.0459 (4) | 0.0430 (10) | |
H9A | 0.5664 | 0.6750 | −0.0007 | 0.052* | |
H9B | 0.6897 | 0.7563 | 0.1283 | 0.052* | |
C10 | 0.7701 (5) | 0.7713 (4) | −0.0092 (4) | 0.0411 (10) | |
H10A | 0.7485 | 0.8567 | 0.0012 | 0.049* | |
H10B | 0.8784 | 0.7896 | 0.0344 | 0.049* | |
C11 | 0.8317 (5) | 0.7682 (4) | −0.1982 (4) | 0.0402 (10) | |
H11 | 0.9403 | 0.7983 | −0.1472 | 0.048* | |
C12 | 0.7835 (9) | 0.8882 (6) | −0.2053 (5) | 0.106 (3) | |
H12A | 0.7954 | 0.9484 | −0.1240 | 0.127* | |
H12B | 0.6755 | 0.8605 | −0.2540 | 0.127* | |
C13 | 0.8795 (9) | 0.9614 (5) | −0.2620 (5) | 0.105 (3) | |
H13A | 0.8441 | 1.0377 | −0.2675 | 0.125* | |
H13B | 0.9864 | 0.9949 | −0.2099 | 0.125* | |
C14 | 0.8688 (6) | 0.8722 (5) | −0.3856 (4) | 0.0546 (12) | |
H14A | 0.9368 | 0.9200 | −0.4168 | 0.066* | |
H14B | 0.7642 | 0.8467 | −0.4406 | 0.066* | |
C15 | 0.9127 (8) | 0.7495 (5) | −0.3811 (5) | 0.0849 (19) | |
H15A | 1.0213 | 0.7746 | −0.3347 | 0.102* | |
H15B | 0.8973 | 0.6894 | −0.4633 | 0.102* | |
C16 | 0.8180 (7) | 0.6767 (5) | −0.3229 (5) | 0.0758 (17) | |
H16A | 0.7106 | 0.6432 | −0.3740 | 0.091* | |
H16B | 0.8535 | 0.6005 | −0.3174 | 0.091* | |
C17 | 0.7955 (5) | 0.2382 (4) | 0.0099 (4) | 0.0410 (10) | |
C18 | 0.2958 (8) | 0.6214 (7) | 0.6636 (6) | 0.101 (2) | |
H18A | 0.2636 | 0.6950 | 0.6497 | 0.151* | |
H18B | 0.2112 | 0.5605 | 0.6683 | 0.151* | |
H18C | 0.3286 | 0.5753 | 0.5976 | 0.151* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Ni1 | 0.0307 (4) | 0.0273 (4) | 0.0304 (4) | 0.0080 (3) | 0.0130 (3) | 0.0094 (3) |
Br1 | 0.0371 (3) | 0.0546 (3) | 0.0626 (3) | 0.0149 (2) | 0.0096 (2) | −0.0039 (2) |
Br2 | 0.0754 (4) | 0.0546 (3) | 0.0433 (3) | 0.0061 (3) | 0.0193 (3) | −0.0090 (2) |
S1 | 0.0967 (11) | 0.0381 (8) | 0.1335 (14) | 0.0095 (7) | 0.0855 (11) | 0.0235 (8) |
O1 | 0.0354 (15) | 0.0317 (15) | 0.0306 (15) | 0.0110 (12) | 0.0085 (12) | 0.0059 (12) |
O2 | 0.073 (3) | 0.122 (4) | 0.073 (3) | 0.060 (3) | 0.012 (2) | 0.002 (3) |
N1 | 0.0344 (18) | 0.0296 (18) | 0.0328 (18) | 0.0106 (14) | 0.0163 (15) | 0.0124 (15) |
N2 | 0.042 (2) | 0.0313 (18) | 0.0363 (19) | 0.0127 (16) | 0.0131 (16) | 0.0095 (16) |
N3 | 0.040 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.049 (2) | 0.0071 (17) | 0.0175 (17) | 0.0158 (17) |
C1 | 0.043 (2) | 0.032 (2) | 0.031 (2) | 0.0103 (19) | 0.0155 (19) | 0.0130 (18) |
C2 | 0.038 (2) | 0.030 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.0088 (18) | 0.0141 (18) | 0.0133 (19) |
C3 | 0.034 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.044 (2) | 0.0106 (18) | 0.0155 (19) | 0.012 (2) |
C4 | 0.041 (3) | 0.035 (2) | 0.035 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.003 (2) | 0.002 (2) |
C5 | 0.053 (3) | 0.033 (2) | 0.028 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.014 (2) | 0.0052 (19) |
C6 | 0.049 (3) | 0.040 (2) | 0.033 (2) | 0.016 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.0115 (19) |
C7 | 0.039 (2) | 0.034 (2) | 0.040 (2) | 0.0135 (19) | 0.0224 (19) | 0.013 (2) |
C8 | 0.034 (2) | 0.042 (2) | 0.036 (2) | 0.0140 (19) | 0.0178 (18) | 0.0133 (19) |
C9 | 0.042 (2) | 0.050 (3) | 0.042 (2) | 0.023 (2) | 0.016 (2) | 0.016 (2) |
C10 | 0.054 (3) | 0.032 (2) | 0.041 (2) | 0.016 (2) | 0.019 (2) | 0.014 (2) |
C11 | 0.043 (2) | 0.037 (2) | 0.037 (2) | 0.009 (2) | 0.010 (2) | 0.013 (2) |
C12 | 0.228 (8) | 0.070 (4) | 0.096 (5) | 0.090 (5) | 0.119 (5) | 0.054 (4) |
C13 | 0.216 (8) | 0.050 (3) | 0.082 (4) | 0.043 (4) | 0.086 (5) | 0.039 (3) |
C14 | 0.061 (3) | 0.062 (3) | 0.052 (3) | 0.019 (3) | 0.025 (2) | 0.030 (3) |
C15 | 0.131 (6) | 0.064 (4) | 0.101 (5) | 0.040 (4) | 0.081 (4) | 0.045 (4) |
C16 | 0.126 (5) | 0.047 (3) | 0.085 (4) | 0.033 (3) | 0.076 (4) | 0.028 (3) |
C17 | 0.042 (3) | 0.035 (2) | 0.048 (3) | 0.016 (2) | 0.021 (2) | 0.011 (2) |
C18 | 0.105 (5) | 0.101 (5) | 0.097 (5) | 0.054 (4) | 0.020 (4) | 0.034 (4) |
Ni1—O1 | 2.060 (3) | C8—C9 | 1.525 (6) |
Ni1—O1i | 2.060 (3) | C8—H8A | 0.9700 |
Ni1—N3i | 2.088 (4) | C8—H8B | 0.9700 |
Ni1—N3 | 2.088 (4) | C9—C10 | 1.513 (6) |
Ni1—N1 | 2.090 (3) | C9—H9A | 0.9700 |
Ni1—N1i | 2.090 (3) | C9—H9B | 0.9700 |
Br1—C3 | 1.900 (4) | C10—H10A | 0.9700 |
Br2—C5 | 1.900 (4) | C10—H10B | 0.9700 |
S1—C17 | 1.635 (5) | C11—C12 | 1.488 (6) |
O1—C2 | 1.306 (4) | C11—C16 | 1.496 (6) |
O2—C18 | 1.365 (6) | C11—H11 | 0.9800 |
O2—H2 | 0.8200 | C12—C13 | 1.520 (8) |
N1—C7 | 1.272 (5) | C12—H12A | 0.9700 |
N1—C8 | 1.479 (5) | C12—H12B | 0.9700 |
N2—C10 | 1.490 (5) | C13—C14 | 1.486 (6) |
N2—C11 | 1.500 (5) | C13—H13A | 0.9700 |
N2—H2A | 0.9000 | C13—H13B | 0.9700 |
N2—H2B | 0.9000 | C14—C15 | 1.490 (7) |
N3—C17 | 1.150 (5) | C14—H14A | 0.9700 |
C1—C6 | 1.398 (5) | C14—H14B | 0.9700 |
C1—C2 | 1.416 (5) | C15—C16 | 1.525 (7) |
C1—C7 | 1.447 (5) | C15—H15A | 0.9700 |
C2—C3 | 1.415 (5) | C15—H15B | 0.9700 |
C3—C4 | 1.369 (5) | C16—H16A | 0.9700 |
C4—C5 | 1.376 (5) | C16—H16B | 0.9700 |
C4—H4 | 0.9300 | C18—H18A | 0.9600 |
C5—C6 | 1.364 (6) | C18—H18B | 0.9600 |
C6—H6 | 0.9300 | C18—H18C | 0.9600 |
C7—H7 | 0.9300 | ||
O1—Ni1—O1i | 180.00 (14) | C10—C9—H9A | 108.3 |
O1—Ni1—N3i | 88.72 (12) | C8—C9—H9A | 108.3 |
O1i—Ni1—N3i | 91.28 (12) | C10—C9—H9B | 108.3 |
O1—Ni1—N3 | 91.28 (12) | C8—C9—H9B | 108.3 |
O1i—Ni1—N3 | 88.72 (12) | H9A—C9—H9B | 107.4 |
N3i—Ni1—N3 | 180.00 (18) | N2—C10—C9 | 112.9 (3) |
O1—Ni1—N1 | 87.62 (11) | N2—C10—H10A | 109.0 |
O1i—Ni1—N1 | 92.38 (11) | C9—C10—H10A | 109.0 |
N3i—Ni1—N1 | 92.76 (13) | N2—C10—H10B | 109.0 |
N3—Ni1—N1 | 87.24 (13) | C9—C10—H10B | 109.0 |
O1—Ni1—N1i | 92.38 (11) | H10A—C10—H10B | 107.8 |
O1i—Ni1—N1i | 87.62 (11) | C12—C11—C16 | 109.7 (4) |
N3i—Ni1—N1i | 87.24 (13) | C12—C11—N2 | 111.7 (4) |
N3—Ni1—N1i | 92.76 (13) | C16—C11—N2 | 110.6 (3) |
N1—Ni1—N1i | 180.00 (15) | C12—C11—H11 | 108.2 |
C2—O1—Ni1 | 124.6 (2) | C16—C11—H11 | 108.2 |
C18—O2—H2 | 109.5 | N2—C11—H11 | 108.2 |
C7—N1—C8 | 115.6 (3) | C11—C12—C13 | 110.9 (5) |
C7—N1—Ni1 | 124.4 (3) | C11—C12—H12A | 109.5 |
C8—N1—Ni1 | 120.0 (2) | C13—C12—H12A | 109.5 |
C10—N2—C11 | 113.7 (3) | C11—C12—H12B | 109.5 |
C10—N2—H2A | 108.8 | C13—C12—H12B | 109.5 |
C11—N2—H2A | 108.8 | H12A—C12—H12B | 108.0 |
C10—N2—H2B | 108.8 | C14—C13—C12 | 111.7 (5) |
C11—N2—H2B | 108.8 | C14—C13—H13A | 109.3 |
H2A—N2—H2B | 107.7 | C12—C13—H13A | 109.3 |
C17—N3—Ni1 | 159.1 (3) | C14—C13—H13B | 109.3 |
C6—C1—C2 | 121.1 (4) | C12—C13—H13B | 109.3 |
C6—C1—C7 | 116.5 (4) | H13A—C13—H13B | 107.9 |
C2—C1—C7 | 122.5 (4) | C13—C14—C15 | 110.4 (4) |
O1—C2—C3 | 121.8 (4) | C13—C14—H14A | 109.6 |
O1—C2—C1 | 123.8 (4) | C15—C14—H14A | 109.6 |
C3—C2—C1 | 114.4 (3) | C13—C14—H14B | 109.6 |
C4—C3—C2 | 124.2 (4) | C15—C14—H14B | 109.6 |
C4—C3—Br1 | 118.4 (3) | H14A—C14—H14B | 108.1 |
C2—C3—Br1 | 117.4 (3) | C14—C15—C16 | 111.7 (4) |
C3—C4—C5 | 119.1 (4) | C14—C15—H15A | 109.3 |
C3—C4—H4 | 120.5 | C16—C15—H15A | 109.3 |
C5—C4—H4 | 120.5 | C14—C15—H15B | 109.3 |
C6—C5—C4 | 120.1 (4) | C16—C15—H15B | 109.3 |
C6—C5—Br2 | 121.1 (3) | H15A—C15—H15B | 107.9 |
C4—C5—Br2 | 118.9 (3) | C11—C16—C15 | 111.1 (4) |
C5—C6—C1 | 121.1 (4) | C11—C16—H16A | 109.4 |
C5—C6—H6 | 119.5 | C15—C16—H16A | 109.4 |
C1—C6—H6 | 119.5 | C11—C16—H16B | 109.4 |
N1—C7—C1 | 127.9 (4) | C15—C16—H16B | 109.4 |
N1—C7—H7 | 116.1 | H16A—C16—H16B | 108.0 |
C1—C7—H7 | 116.1 | N3—C17—S1 | 178.0 (4) |
N1—C8—C9 | 112.1 (3) | O2—C18—H18A | 109.5 |
N1—C8—H8A | 109.2 | O2—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
C9—C8—H8A | 109.2 | H18A—C18—H18B | 109.5 |
N1—C8—H8B | 109.2 | O2—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
C9—C8—H8B | 109.2 | H18A—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
H8A—C8—H8B | 107.9 | H18B—C18—H18C | 109.5 |
C10—C9—C8 | 115.8 (3) |
Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [Ni(NCS)2(C16H22Br2N2O)2]·2CH4O |
Mr | 1075.31 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 298 |
a, b, c (Å) | 9.3410 (19), 10.957 (2), 12.210 (2) |
α, β, γ (°) | 108.28 (3), 104.21 (3), 100.80 (3) |
V (Å3) | 1101.8 (4) |
Z | 1 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 4.21 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.27 × 0.23 × 0.22 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART 1000 CCD area-detector |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.397, 0.458 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 8978, 4504, 2992 |
Rint | 0.033 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.628 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.045, 0.107, 1.01 |
No. of reflections | 4504 |
No. of parameters | 243 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.60, −0.32 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1998), SMART, SAINT (Bruker, 1998), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997a), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997a), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 1997b), SHELXTL.
Recently, we have reported the structures of a few Schiff base copper(II) and zinc(II) complexes (Yuan & Zhang, 2005; Yuan et al., 2007). As an extension of our investigations in this area we report herein the title new mononuclear Schiff base nickel(II) complex.
The complex consists of a mononuclear complex molecule and two lattice methanol molecules (Fig. 1). The NiII atom, lying on the inversion centre, is six-coordinated by two imine N and two phenolic O atoms from two Schiff base ligands and by two N atoms from two thiocyanate ligands, in octahedral coordination. The bond lengths and angles to the Ni(II) atom are comparable to the values in other similar complexes (Diao, 2007; Li et al., 2007; Li & Wang, 2007). The cyclohexyl rings adopt chair conformations.