Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270110015428/sf3127sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270110015428/sf3127IIsup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 782529
Initially, polymorph (II) of DABCO monohydrate was isolated from a cocrystallization trial in which glycyrrhetinic acid (2.5 mg) and DABCO (0.59 mg) were dissolved in ethanol (5 ml) and the solution placed in a closed plastic vial. After a few days, when the ethanol had evaporated, colourless tablet crystals of (II), of a quality suitable for X-ray analysis, were obtained. To check whether polymorph (II) can be obtained from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solution, i.e. from the solvent used for crystallization of polymorph (I) (Laus et al., 2008), crystallization of DABCO (540 mg) from undried THF (5 ml) was carried out. The solution was placed in a refrigerator at 278 K for 26 h and only crystals of form (II) were isolated from this crystallization.
In the absence of significant anomalous scattering effects, Friedel pairs were averaged and the space group P31 was arbitrarily chosen. All H atoms from water molecules were identified in electron-density difference maps; all O—H distances were standardized to 0.85 Å and H atoms were refined in the riding-model approximation, with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(O). All C-bound H atoms were placed in calculated positions, with C—H = 0.97 Å, and were refined as riding on their carrier atoms, with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). The B and C molecules of DABCO are disordered over two positions. The sum of the occupancy factors for each molecule was constrained to 1.00 and the occupancy factors refined to 0.681 (5) and 0.528 (16) for the major positions of molecules B and C, respectively. No restraints were imposed on the geometry of the disordered molecules.
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).
C6H12N2·H2O | Dx = 1.208 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 130.19 | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å |
Trigonal, P31 | Cell parameters from 6970 reflections |
Hall symbol: P 31 | θ = 4.6–75.6° |
a = 11.03798 (15) Å | µ = 0.67 mm−1 |
c = 15.2660 (2) Å | T = 130 K |
V = 1610.78 (4) Å3 | Tablet, colourless |
Z = 9 | 0.4 × 0.3 × 0.1 mm |
F(000) = 648 |
Oxford SuperNova diffractometer | 2212 independent reflections |
Radiation source: Nova Cu X-ray Source | 2183 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Mirror monochromator | Rint = 0.014 |
ω scans | θmax = 75.8°, θmin = 4.6° |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | h = −12→12 |
Tmin = 0.677, Tmax = 0.940 | k = −13→13 |
7274 measured reflections | l = −19→18 |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.116 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0783P)2 + 0.2665P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
2212 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
351 parameters | Δρmax = 0.18 e Å−3 |
1 restraint | Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3 |
C6H12N2·H2O | Z = 9 |
Mr = 130.19 | Cu Kα radiation |
Trigonal, P31 | µ = 0.67 mm−1 |
a = 11.03798 (15) Å | T = 130 K |
c = 15.2660 (2) Å | 0.4 × 0.3 × 0.1 mm |
V = 1610.78 (4) Å3 |
Oxford SuperNova diffractometer | 2212 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) | 2183 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.677, Tmax = 0.940 | Rint = 0.014 |
7274 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.042 | 1 restraint |
wR(F2) = 0.116 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.18 e Å−3 |
2212 reflections | Δρmin = −0.16 e Å−3 |
351 parameters |
Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the c hoice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
O1W | 0.44327 (17) | 0.86366 (19) | 0.35274 (11) | 0.0399 (4) | |
H11W | 0.3690 | 0.8046 | 0.3265 | 0.048* | |
H21W | 0.5090 | 0.8735 | 0.3191 | 0.048* | |
O2W | 0.73083 (16) | 0.5277 (2) | 0.36976 (13) | 0.0442 (4) | |
H12W | 0.6729 | 0.4647 | 0.3354 | 0.053* | |
H22W | 0.6844 | 0.5367 | 0.4112 | 0.053* | |
O3W | 1.10369 (18) | 0.9074 (2) | 0.05095 (13) | 0.0488 (5) | |
H13W | 1.1724 | 0.9740 | 0.0775 | 0.059* | |
H23W | 1.0323 | 0.9001 | 0.0770 | 0.059* | |
N1A | 0.86626 (18) | 0.8866 (2) | 0.15000 (12) | 0.0314 (4) | |
N2A | 0.67339 (18) | 0.8866 (2) | 0.24511 (12) | 0.0304 (4) | |
C1A | 0.6125 (3) | 0.7810 (3) | 0.1760 (2) | 0.0568 (8) | |
H11A | 0.5521 | 0.8001 | 0.1394 | 0.068* | |
H12A | 0.5560 | 0.6894 | 0.2021 | 0.068* | |
C2A | 0.7285 (3) | 0.7811 (3) | 0.1190 (2) | 0.0580 (8) | |
H21A | 0.7205 | 0.6896 | 0.1212 | 0.070* | |
H22A | 0.7168 | 0.8005 | 0.0585 | 0.070* | |
C3A | 0.7672 (3) | 0.8609 (4) | 0.29925 (18) | 0.0562 (8) | |
H31A | 0.7140 | 0.7723 | 0.3295 | 0.067* | |
H32A | 0.8112 | 0.9341 | 0.3429 | 0.067* | |
C4A | 0.8805 (3) | 0.8575 (4) | 0.2419 (2) | 0.0562 (8) | |
H41A | 0.9723 | 0.9265 | 0.2631 | 0.067* | |
H42A | 0.8726 | 0.7661 | 0.2463 | 0.067* | |
C5A | 0.7579 (3) | 1.0229 (3) | 0.20149 (18) | 0.0438 (6) | |
H51A | 0.7999 | 1.0963 | 0.2452 | 0.053* | |
H52A | 0.6980 | 1.0422 | 0.1646 | 0.053* | |
C6A | 0.8733 (3) | 1.0225 (3) | 0.14547 (18) | 0.0437 (6) | |
H61A | 0.8629 | 1.0431 | 0.0851 | 0.052* | |
H62A | 0.9640 | 1.0949 | 0.1661 | 0.052* | |
N1B | 0.5286 (2) | 0.31945 (19) | 0.24757 (12) | 0.0317 (4) | |
N2B | 0.3453 (2) | 0.1318 (2) | 0.14519 (12) | 0.0357 (5) | |
C1B | 0.2806 (4) | 0.1545 (8) | 0.2173 (4) | 0.073 (2) | 0.681 (5) |
H11B | 0.2311 | 0.0682 | 0.2505 | 0.088* | 0.681 (5) |
H12B | 0.2123 | 0.1788 | 0.1967 | 0.088* | 0.681 (5) |
C2B | 0.3864 (5) | 0.2715 (6) | 0.2786 (3) | 0.0602 (14) | 0.681 (5) |
H21B | 0.3683 | 0.3489 | 0.2787 | 0.072* | 0.681 (5) |
H22B | 0.3760 | 0.2364 | 0.3380 | 0.072* | 0.681 (5) |
C3B | 0.4372 (6) | 0.2585 (5) | 0.0973 (3) | 0.0664 (18) | 0.681 (5) |
H31B | 0.3820 | 0.2932 | 0.0688 | 0.080* | 0.681 (5) |
H32B | 0.4859 | 0.2375 | 0.0522 | 0.080* | 0.681 (5) |
C4B | 0.5454 (4) | 0.3728 (4) | 0.1591 (3) | 0.0458 (10) | 0.681 (5) |
H41B | 0.6392 | 0.4021 | 0.1386 | 0.055* | 0.681 (5) |
H42B | 0.5327 | 0.4537 | 0.1585 | 0.055* | 0.681 (5) |
C5B | 0.4415 (7) | 0.0859 (5) | 0.1820 (5) | 0.075 (2) | 0.681 (5) |
H51B | 0.4907 | 0.0699 | 0.1349 | 0.089* | 0.681 (5) |
H52B | 0.3866 | −0.0016 | 0.2132 | 0.089* | 0.681 (5) |
C6B | 0.5476 (5) | 0.1962 (4) | 0.2460 (3) | 0.0466 (10) | 0.681 (5) |
H61B | 0.5346 | 0.1570 | 0.3044 | 0.056* | 0.681 (5) |
H62B | 0.6418 | 0.2240 | 0.2270 | 0.056* | 0.681 (5) |
C1BB | 0.4322 (10) | 0.1988 (9) | 0.2967 (5) | 0.045 (2) | 0.319 (5) |
H13B | 0.3901 | 0.2266 | 0.3425 | 0.054* | 0.319 (5) |
H14B | 0.4826 | 0.1581 | 0.3245 | 0.054* | 0.319 (5) |
C2BB | 0.3171 (12) | 0.0903 (11) | 0.2384 (6) | 0.057 (3) | 0.319 (5) |
H23B | 0.3127 | 0.0010 | 0.2461 | 0.069* | 0.319 (5) |
H24B | 0.2276 | 0.0793 | 0.2556 | 0.069* | 0.319 (5) |
C3BB | 0.4476 (13) | 0.3776 (9) | 0.2027 (7) | 0.059 (3) | 0.319 (5) |
H33B | 0.5105 | 0.4587 | 0.1680 | 0.071* | 0.319 (5) |
H34B | 0.4028 | 0.4068 | 0.2458 | 0.071* | 0.319 (5) |
C4BB | 0.3354 (17) | 0.2638 (12) | 0.1427 (10) | 0.083 (5) | 0.319 (5) |
H43B | 0.2430 | 0.2429 | 0.1616 | 0.099* | 0.319 (5) |
H44B | 0.3490 | 0.2983 | 0.0830 | 0.099* | 0.319 (5) |
C5BB | 0.5913 (9) | 0.2795 (13) | 0.1771 (7) | 0.066 (4) | 0.319 (5) |
H53B | 0.6554 | 0.2524 | 0.2014 | 0.079* | 0.319 (5) |
H54B | 0.6431 | 0.3577 | 0.1376 | 0.079* | 0.319 (5) |
C6BB | 0.4720 (10) | 0.1577 (16) | 0.1233 (10) | 0.081 (6) | 0.319 (5) |
H63B | 0.4876 | 0.1747 | 0.0609 | 0.097* | 0.319 (5) |
H64B | 0.4750 | 0.0734 | 0.1368 | 0.097* | 0.319 (5) |
N1C | 0.0026 (2) | 0.4527 (2) | 0.16607 (12) | 0.0344 (4) | |
N2C | 0.19339 (19) | 0.64375 (19) | 0.26279 (12) | 0.0314 (4) | |
C1C | 0.2312 (11) | 0.6566 (14) | 0.1716 (7) | 0.057 (3) | 0.472 (16) |
H11C | 0.3163 | 0.6520 | 0.1654 | 0.069* | 0.472 (16) |
H12C | 0.2503 | 0.7475 | 0.1508 | 0.069* | 0.472 (16) |
C2C | 0.1211 (13) | 0.5484 (16) | 0.1171 (7) | 0.063 (3) | 0.472 (16) |
H21C | 0.0923 | 0.5922 | 0.0730 | 0.075* | 0.472 (16) |
H22C | 0.1591 | 0.4973 | 0.0869 | 0.075* | 0.472 (16) |
C3C | 0.0631 (15) | 0.6507 (15) | 0.2644 (8) | 0.048 (3) | 0.472 (16) |
H31C | 0.0823 | 0.7403 | 0.2410 | 0.058* | 0.472 (16) |
H32C | 0.0325 | 0.6449 | 0.3245 | 0.058* | 0.472 (16) |
C4C | −0.0533 (17) | 0.5352 (16) | 0.2121 (11) | 0.053 (3) | 0.472 (16) |
H41C | −0.1297 | 0.4745 | 0.2506 | 0.064* | 0.472 (16) |
H42C | −0.0885 | 0.5749 | 0.1693 | 0.064* | 0.472 (16) |
C5C | 0.1544 (13) | 0.5030 (8) | 0.2935 (6) | 0.047 (2) | 0.472 (16) |
H51C | 0.1177 | 0.4898 | 0.3526 | 0.057* | 0.472 (16) |
H52C | 0.2366 | 0.4927 | 0.2946 | 0.057* | 0.472 (16) |
C6C | 0.0415 (13) | 0.3896 (8) | 0.2321 (9) | 0.055 (3) | 0.472 (16) |
H61C | 0.0787 | 0.3353 | 0.2054 | 0.067* | 0.472 (16) |
H62C | −0.0401 | 0.3265 | 0.2663 | 0.067* | 0.472 (16) |
C1CC | 0.2166 (9) | 0.6917 (7) | 0.1712 (6) | 0.042 (2) | 0.528 (16) |
H13C | 0.3095 | 0.7134 | 0.1529 | 0.050* | 0.528 (16) |
H14C | 0.2099 | 0.7757 | 0.1660 | 0.050* | 0.528 (16) |
C2CC | 0.1009 (9) | 0.5704 (7) | 0.1101 (6) | 0.040 (2) | 0.528 (16) |
H23C | 0.0502 | 0.6059 | 0.0770 | 0.048* | 0.528 (16) |
H24C | 0.1457 | 0.5383 | 0.0689 | 0.048* | 0.528 (16) |
C3CC | 0.0590 (13) | 0.6152 (17) | 0.2905 (7) | 0.071 (4) | 0.528 (16) |
H33C | 0.0469 | 0.6964 | 0.2901 | 0.085* | 0.528 (16) |
H34C | 0.0466 | 0.5809 | 0.3502 | 0.085* | 0.528 (16) |
C4CC | −0.0538 (13) | 0.495 (2) | 0.2299 (10) | 0.085 (5) | 0.528 (16) |
H43C | −0.1128 | 0.4131 | 0.2654 | 0.101* | 0.528 (16) |
H44C | −0.1125 | 0.5283 | 0.2054 | 0.101* | 0.528 (16) |
C5CC | 0.2095 (9) | 0.5192 (7) | 0.2634 (6) | 0.0448 (17) | 0.528 (16) |
H53C | 0.2028 | 0.4844 | 0.3226 | 0.054* | 0.528 (16) |
H54C | 0.3018 | 0.5462 | 0.2409 | 0.054* | 0.528 (16) |
C6CC | 0.0997 (12) | 0.4052 (9) | 0.2063 (7) | 0.055 (2) | 0.528 (16) |
H63C | 0.1449 | 0.3840 | 0.1590 | 0.066* | 0.528 (16) |
H64C | 0.0468 | 0.3210 | 0.2409 | 0.066* | 0.528 (16) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
O1W | 0.0270 (8) | 0.0485 (10) | 0.0350 (8) | 0.0120 (7) | 0.0006 (6) | −0.0170 (7) |
O2W | 0.0262 (7) | 0.0553 (11) | 0.0403 (8) | 0.0124 (7) | 0.0001 (7) | −0.0201 (8) |
O3W | 0.0313 (8) | 0.0584 (12) | 0.0522 (11) | 0.0192 (8) | 0.0001 (8) | −0.0273 (9) |
N1A | 0.0255 (9) | 0.0341 (10) | 0.0346 (9) | 0.0151 (8) | 0.0050 (7) | 0.0005 (7) |
N2A | 0.0228 (8) | 0.0376 (10) | 0.0302 (9) | 0.0146 (7) | 0.0039 (7) | 0.0009 (7) |
C1A | 0.0232 (11) | 0.0521 (16) | 0.077 (2) | 0.0052 (11) | 0.0071 (12) | −0.0273 (15) |
C2A | 0.0367 (13) | 0.0495 (15) | 0.076 (2) | 0.0124 (12) | 0.0080 (13) | −0.0309 (14) |
C3A | 0.0514 (15) | 0.097 (2) | 0.0379 (13) | 0.0501 (16) | 0.0152 (11) | 0.0265 (14) |
C4A | 0.0480 (15) | 0.089 (2) | 0.0514 (15) | 0.0495 (16) | 0.0130 (12) | 0.0286 (15) |
C5A | 0.0497 (14) | 0.0400 (13) | 0.0480 (13) | 0.0272 (11) | 0.0155 (11) | 0.0049 (10) |
C6A | 0.0448 (14) | 0.0353 (12) | 0.0495 (14) | 0.0191 (10) | 0.0215 (11) | 0.0099 (10) |
N1B | 0.0306 (9) | 0.0296 (9) | 0.0300 (9) | 0.0115 (7) | −0.0037 (7) | −0.0076 (7) |
N2B | 0.0280 (9) | 0.0339 (10) | 0.0336 (9) | 0.0069 (8) | −0.0054 (7) | −0.0023 (7) |
C1B | 0.0222 (19) | 0.100 (5) | 0.071 (3) | 0.010 (2) | 0.0039 (19) | −0.036 (3) |
C2B | 0.043 (2) | 0.079 (3) | 0.054 (3) | 0.027 (2) | 0.0031 (18) | −0.034 (2) |
C3B | 0.062 (3) | 0.050 (3) | 0.040 (2) | −0.007 (2) | −0.021 (2) | 0.0081 (18) |
C4B | 0.047 (2) | 0.0289 (17) | 0.0419 (19) | 0.0042 (15) | −0.0147 (16) | 0.0049 (15) |
C5B | 0.087 (4) | 0.045 (3) | 0.106 (5) | 0.044 (3) | −0.062 (4) | −0.037 (3) |
C6B | 0.056 (2) | 0.0359 (18) | 0.055 (2) | 0.0276 (17) | −0.0286 (19) | −0.0120 (16) |
C1BB | 0.054 (5) | 0.040 (4) | 0.030 (3) | 0.015 (4) | −0.012 (3) | −0.006 (3) |
C2BB | 0.048 (5) | 0.048 (5) | 0.045 (5) | 0.000 (4) | −0.010 (4) | 0.009 (4) |
C3BB | 0.097 (8) | 0.034 (4) | 0.051 (5) | 0.035 (5) | −0.023 (5) | −0.007 (4) |
C4BB | 0.107 (11) | 0.052 (6) | 0.087 (9) | 0.039 (6) | −0.074 (9) | −0.016 (6) |
C5BB | 0.030 (4) | 0.087 (8) | 0.062 (6) | 0.016 (4) | −0.009 (4) | −0.039 (6) |
C6BB | 0.040 (5) | 0.102 (11) | 0.089 (9) | 0.025 (6) | −0.007 (5) | −0.077 (9) |
N1C | 0.0315 (9) | 0.0350 (9) | 0.0246 (8) | 0.0075 (8) | −0.0051 (7) | −0.0049 (7) |
N2C | 0.0276 (9) | 0.0300 (9) | 0.0316 (10) | 0.0107 (7) | −0.0060 (7) | −0.0046 (7) |
C1C | 0.038 (4) | 0.053 (6) | 0.042 (4) | −0.007 (4) | 0.016 (3) | −0.012 (4) |
C2C | 0.036 (4) | 0.115 (9) | 0.017 (3) | 0.022 (5) | 0.008 (3) | 0.000 (4) |
C3C | 0.048 (5) | 0.072 (5) | 0.044 (6) | 0.044 (5) | −0.011 (4) | −0.028 (4) |
C4C | 0.035 (5) | 0.068 (6) | 0.066 (7) | 0.034 (5) | −0.020 (5) | −0.035 (5) |
C5C | 0.062 (6) | 0.037 (3) | 0.043 (4) | 0.025 (4) | −0.023 (4) | 0.005 (3) |
C6C | 0.058 (6) | 0.022 (3) | 0.075 (6) | 0.011 (4) | −0.026 (4) | −0.006 (3) |
C1CC | 0.044 (4) | 0.026 (3) | 0.041 (4) | 0.007 (2) | −0.010 (3) | 0.007 (3) |
C2CC | 0.037 (4) | 0.033 (3) | 0.032 (3) | 0.004 (2) | −0.016 (3) | 0.009 (2) |
C3CC | 0.034 (3) | 0.113 (10) | 0.036 (5) | 0.015 (5) | −0.004 (4) | −0.041 (5) |
C4CC | 0.017 (4) | 0.123 (12) | 0.066 (7) | −0.001 (5) | 0.011 (4) | −0.046 (7) |
C5CC | 0.046 (4) | 0.039 (3) | 0.043 (4) | 0.016 (3) | −0.014 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C6CC | 0.060 (5) | 0.033 (3) | 0.062 (5) | 0.016 (4) | −0.022 (4) | 0.003 (3) |
O1W—H11W | 0.8500 | C1BB—H14B | 0.9700 |
O1W—H21W | 0.8499 | C2BB—H23B | 0.9700 |
O2W—H12W | 0.8500 | C2BB—H24B | 0.9700 |
O2W—H22W | 0.8499 | C3BB—C4BB | 1.548 (13) |
O3W—H13W | 0.8500 | C3BB—H33B | 0.9700 |
O3W—H23W | 0.8500 | C3BB—H34B | 0.9700 |
N1A—C2A | 1.457 (3) | C4BB—H43B | 0.9701 |
N1A—C6A | 1.464 (3) | C4BB—H44B | 0.9700 |
N1A—C4A | 1.465 (3) | C5BB—C6BB | 1.563 (12) |
N2A—C3A | 1.459 (3) | C5BB—H53B | 0.9700 |
N2A—C1A | 1.463 (3) | C5BB—H54B | 0.9700 |
N2A—C5A | 1.474 (3) | C6BB—H63B | 0.9701 |
C1A—C2A | 1.548 (3) | C6BB—H64B | 0.9700 |
C1A—H11A | 0.9701 | N1C—C6C | 1.409 (10) |
C1A—H12A | 0.9699 | N1C—C2C | 1.416 (11) |
C2A—H21A | 0.9699 | N1C—C4C | 1.504 (13) |
C2A—H22A | 0.9701 | N2C—C1C | 1.440 (10) |
C3A—C4A | 1.543 (4) | N2C—C5C | 1.466 (8) |
C3A—H31A | 0.9700 | N2C—C3C | 1.478 (11) |
C3A—H32A | 0.9699 | C1C—C2C | 1.464 (11) |
C4A—H41A | 0.9700 | C1C—H11C | 0.9699 |
C4A—H42A | 0.9701 | C1C—H12C | 0.9700 |
C5A—C6A | 1.537 (3) | C2C—H21C | 0.9700 |
C5A—H51A | 0.9700 | C2C—H22C | 0.9700 |
C5A—H52A | 0.9699 | C3C—C4C | 1.51 (2) |
C6A—H61A | 0.9700 | C3C—H31C | 0.9700 |
C6A—H62A | 0.9700 | C3C—H32C | 0.9700 |
N1B—C4B | 1.447 (4) | C4C—H41C | 0.9700 |
N1B—C2B | 1.461 (5) | C4C—H42C | 0.9700 |
N1B—C6B | 1.477 (4) | C5C—C6C | 1.561 (12) |
N2B—C1B | 1.401 (5) | C5C—H51C | 0.9699 |
N2B—C3B | 1.449 (5) | C5C—H52C | 0.9700 |
N2B—C5B | 1.496 (5) | C6C—H61C | 0.9701 |
C1B—C2B | 1.549 (6) | C6C—H62C | 0.9699 |
C1B—H11B | 0.9700 | C1CC—C2CC | 1.6082 |
C1B—H12B | 0.9700 | C1CC—H13C | 0.9700 |
C2B—H21B | 0.9700 | C1CC—H14C | 0.9700 |
C2B—H22B | 0.9701 | C2CC—H23C | 0.9699 |
C3B—C4B | 1.550 (5) | C2CC—H24C | 0.9700 |
C3B—H31B | 0.9700 | C3CC—C4CC | 1.588 (19) |
C3B—H32B | 0.9700 | C3CC—H33C | 0.9701 |
C4B—H41B | 0.9700 | C3CC—H34C | 0.9700 |
C4B—H42B | 0.9699 | C4CC—H43C | 0.9699 |
C5B—C6B | 1.543 (5) | C4CC—H44C | 0.9701 |
C5B—H51B | 0.9699 | C5CC—C6CC | 1.512 (11) |
C5B—H52B | 0.9700 | C5CC—H53C | 0.9700 |
C6B—H61B | 0.9701 | C5CC—H54C | 0.9701 |
C6B—H62B | 0.9701 | C6CC—H63C | 0.9700 |
C1BB—C2BB | 1.523 (12) | C6CC—H64C | 0.9699 |
C1BB—H13B | 0.9701 | ||
H11W—O1W—H21W | 104.3 | N1B—C6B—H61B | 109.8 |
H12W—O2W—H22W | 107.6 | C5B—C6B—H61B | 110.2 |
H13W—O3W—H23W | 104.0 | N1B—C6B—H62B | 109.7 |
C2A—N1A—C6A | 107.6 (2) | C5B—C6B—H62B | 109.3 |
C2A—N1A—C4A | 108.6 (2) | H61B—C6B—H62B | 108.2 |
C6A—N1A—C4A | 108.3 (2) | C2BB—C1BB—H13B | 109.1 |
C3A—N2A—C1A | 110.0 (2) | C2BB—C1BB—H14B | 109.7 |
C3A—N2A—C5A | 107.8 (2) | C1BB—C2BB—H23B | 109.1 |
C1A—N2A—C5A | 107.0 (2) | C1BB—C2BB—H24B | 109.7 |
N2A—C1A—C2A | 110.77 (19) | H23B—C2BB—H24B | 108.1 |
N2A—C1A—H11A | 109.5 | C4BB—C3BB—H33B | 109.9 |
C2A—C1A—H11A | 109.5 | C4BB—C3BB—H34B | 109.7 |
N2A—C1A—H12A | 109.5 | H33B—C3BB—H34B | 108.2 |
C2A—C1A—H12A | 109.4 | C3BB—C4BB—H43B | 109.6 |
H11A—C1A—H12A | 108.1 | C3BB—C4BB—H44B | 109.5 |
N1A—C2A—C1A | 110.5 (2) | H43B—C4BB—H44B | 108.1 |
N1A—C2A—H21A | 109.6 | C6BB—C5BB—H53B | 111.5 |
C1A—C2A—H21A | 109.6 | C6BB—C5BB—H54B | 107.9 |
N1A—C2A—H22A | 109.5 | H53B—C5BB—H54B | 108.4 |
C1A—C2A—H22A | 109.5 | C5BB—C6BB—H63B | 111.0 |
H21A—C2A—H22A | 108.1 | C5BB—C6BB—H64B | 107.2 |
N2A—C3A—C4A | 110.2 (2) | H63B—C6BB—H64B | 107.7 |
N2A—C3A—H31A | 109.6 | C6C—N1C—C2C | 110.5 (7) |
C4A—C3A—H31A | 109.6 | C6C—N1C—C4C | 106.4 (8) |
N2A—C3A—H32A | 109.6 | C2C—N1C—C4C | 107.5 (9) |
C4A—C3A—H32A | 109.6 | C1C—N2C—C5C | 109.3 (6) |
H31A—C3A—H32A | 108.1 | C1C—N2C—C3C | 104.6 (6) |
N1A—C4A—C3A | 111.1 (2) | C5C—N2C—C3C | 105.8 (7) |
N1A—C4A—H41A | 109.4 | N2C—C1C—C2C | 112.8 (5) |
C3A—C4A—H41A | 109.4 | N2C—C1C—H11C | 109.3 |
N1A—C4A—H42A | 109.4 | C2C—C1C—H11C | 109.4 |
C3A—C4A—H42A | 109.4 | N2C—C1C—H12C | 108.7 |
H41A—C4A—H42A | 108.0 | C2C—C1C—H12C | 108.6 |
N2A—C5A—C6A | 110.51 (19) | H11C—C1C—H12C | 107.8 |
N2A—C5A—H51A | 109.6 | N1C—C2C—C1C | 112.8 (6) |
C6A—C5A—H51A | 109.6 | N1C—C2C—H21C | 109.1 |
N2A—C5A—H52A | 109.5 | C1C—C2C—H21C | 109.4 |
C6A—C5A—H52A | 109.5 | N1C—C2C—H22C | 108.9 |
H51A—C5A—H52A | 108.1 | C1C—C2C—H22C | 108.7 |
N1A—C6A—C5A | 110.95 (19) | H21C—C2C—H22C | 107.8 |
N1A—C6A—H61A | 109.4 | N2C—C3C—C4C | 112.8 (9) |
C5A—C6A—H61A | 109.5 | N2C—C3C—H31C | 109.0 |
N1A—C6A—H62A | 109.5 | C4C—C3C—H31C | 109.1 |
C5A—C6A—H62A | 109.4 | N2C—C3C—H32C | 109.2 |
H61A—C6A—H62A | 108.0 | C4C—C3C—H32C | 108.9 |
C4B—N1B—C2B | 110.2 (3) | H31C—C3C—H32C | 107.8 |
C4B—N1B—C6B | 108.2 (3) | N1C—C4C—C3C | 108.9 (10) |
C2B—N1B—C6B | 107.0 (3) | N1C—C4C—H41C | 110.1 |
C1B—N2B—C3B | 113.4 (4) | C3C—C4C—H41C | 110.0 |
C1B—N2B—C5B | 106.1 (5) | N1C—C4C—H42C | 109.7 |
C3B—N2B—C5B | 104.1 (4) | C3C—C4C—H42C | 109.8 |
N2B—C1B—C2B | 112.6 (3) | H41C—C4C—H42C | 108.3 |
N2B—C1B—H11B | 108.8 | N2C—C5C—C6C | 110.6 (5) |
C2B—C1B—H11B | 108.8 | N2C—C5C—H51C | 109.6 |
N2B—C1B—H12B | 109.4 | C6C—C5C—H51C | 109.4 |
C2B—C1B—H12B | 109.3 | N2C—C5C—H52C | 109.5 |
H11B—C1B—H12B | 107.8 | C6C—C5C—H52C | 109.6 |
N1B—C2B—C1B | 109.4 (3) | H51C—C5C—H52C | 108.1 |
N1B—C2B—H21B | 109.8 | N1C—C6C—C5C | 110.6 (6) |
C1B—C2B—H21B | 109.5 | N1C—C6C—H61C | 109.4 |
N1B—C2B—H22B | 109.8 | C5C—C6C—H61C | 109.5 |
C1B—C2B—H22B | 110.0 | N1C—C6C—H62C | 109.7 |
H21B—C2B—H22B | 108.2 | C5C—C6C—H62C | 109.7 |
N2B—C3B—C4B | 111.1 (3) | H61C—C6C—H62C | 108.1 |
N2B—C3B—H31B | 109.4 | C2CC—C1CC—H13C | 109.9 |
C4B—C3B—H31B | 109.4 | C2CC—C1CC—H14C | 109.8 |
N2B—C3B—H32B | 109.4 | H13C—C1CC—H14C | 108.4 |
C4B—C3B—H32B | 109.5 | C1CC—C2CC—H23C | 110.1 |
H31B—C3B—H32B | 108.0 | C1CC—C2CC—H24C | 110.0 |
N1B—C4B—C3B | 110.3 (3) | H23C—C2CC—H24C | 108.3 |
N1B—C4B—H41B | 109.6 | C4CC—C3CC—H33C | 111.0 |
C3B—C4B—H41B | 109.5 | C4CC—C3CC—H34C | 108.7 |
N1B—C4B—H42B | 109.6 | H33C—C3CC—H34C | 108.0 |
C3B—C4B—H42B | 109.6 | C3CC—C4CC—H43C | 109.5 |
H41B—C4B—H42B | 108.1 | C3CC—C4CC—H44C | 107.3 |
N2B—C5B—C6B | 111.0 (3) | H43C—C4CC—H44C | 107.7 |
N2B—C5B—H51B | 109.9 | C6CC—C5CC—H53C | 109.7 |
C6B—C5B—H51B | 109.9 | C6CC—C5CC—H54C | 109.5 |
N2B—C5B—H52B | 109.0 | H53C—C5CC—H54C | 108.1 |
C6B—C5B—H52B | 108.9 | C5CC—C6CC—H63C | 109.6 |
H51B—C5B—H52B | 108.0 | C5CC—C6CC—H64C | 109.4 |
N1B—C6B—C5B | 109.6 (3) | H63C—C6CC—H64C | 108.1 |
C3A—N2A—C1A—C2A | −57.7 (3) | C6B—N1B—C4B—C3B | 58.8 (5) |
C5A—N2A—C1A—C2A | 59.1 (3) | N2B—C3B—C4B—N1B | 2.4 (7) |
C6A—N1A—C2A—C1A | −59.1 (3) | C1B—N2B—C5B—C6B | −57.4 (6) |
C4A—N1A—C2A—C1A | 57.9 (3) | C3B—N2B—C5B—C6B | 62.5 (6) |
N2A—C1A—C2A—N1A | 0.0 (4) | C4B—N1B—C6B—C5B | −57.4 (5) |
C1A—N2A—C3A—C4A | 56.1 (3) | C2B—N1B—C6B—C5B | 61.3 (5) |
C5A—N2A—C3A—C4A | −60.2 (3) | N2B—C5B—C6B—N1B | −3.7 (7) |
C2A—N1A—C4A—C3A | −59.7 (3) | C5C—N2C—C1C—C2C | 55.3 (12) |
C6A—N1A—C4A—C3A | 56.9 (3) | C3C—N2C—C1C—C2C | −57.5 (12) |
N2A—C3A—C4A—N1A | 2.4 (4) | C6C—N1C—C2C—C1C | −56.7 (13) |
C3A—N2A—C5A—C6A | 58.7 (3) | C4C—N1C—C2C—C1C | 59.1 (13) |
C1A—N2A—C5A—C6A | −59.5 (3) | N2C—C1C—C2C—N1C | −1.4 (15) |
C2A—N1A—C6A—C5A | 58.8 (3) | C1C—N2C—C3C—C4C | 60.2 (11) |
C4A—N1A—C6A—C5A | −58.4 (3) | C5C—N2C—C3C—C4C | −55.2 (10) |
N2A—C5A—C6A—N1A | 0.7 (3) | C6C—N1C—C4C—C3C | 64.3 (12) |
C3B—N2B—C1B—C2B | −51.8 (7) | C2C—N1C—C4C—C3C | −54.2 (12) |
C5B—N2B—C1B—C2B | 61.9 (7) | N2C—C3C—C4C—N1C | −5.2 (14) |
C4B—N1B—C2B—C1B | 59.5 (6) | C1C—N2C—C5C—C6C | −52.2 (9) |
C6B—N1B—C2B—C1B | −57.9 (6) | C3C—N2C—C5C—C6C | 59.9 (9) |
N2B—C1B—C2B—N1B | −4.5 (8) | C2C—N1C—C6C—C5C | 57.3 (10) |
C1B—N2B—C3B—C4B | 53.1 (6) | C4C—N1C—C6C—C5C | −59.2 (11) |
C5B—N2B—C3B—C4B | −61.7 (6) | N2C—C5C—C6C—N1C | −2.7 (10) |
C2B—N1B—C4B—C3B | −57.9 (5) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1W—H11W···N2C | 0.85 | 2.10 | 2.948 (2) | 174 |
O1W—H21W···N2A | 0.85 | 2.08 | 2.928 (2) | 175 |
O2W—H12W···N1B | 0.85 | 2.09 | 2.935 (2) | 177 |
O2W—H22W···N1Ci | 0.85 | 2.09 | 2.929 (2) | 172 |
O3W—H13W···N2Bii | 0.85 | 2.10 | 2.952 (2) | 177 |
O3W—H23W···N1A | 0.85 | 2.09 | 2.934 (2) | 176 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −y+1, x−y+1, z+1/3; (ii) x+1, y+1, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C6H12N2·H2O |
Mr | 130.19 |
Crystal system, space group | Trigonal, P31 |
Temperature (K) | 130 |
a, c (Å) | 11.03798 (15), 15.2660 (2) |
V (Å3) | 1610.78 (4) |
Z | 9 |
Radiation type | Cu Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 0.67 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.4 × 0.3 × 0.1 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford SuperNova diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2009) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.677, 0.940 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 7274, 2212, 2183 |
Rint | 0.014 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.629 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.042, 0.116, 1.06 |
No. of reflections | 2212 |
No. of parameters | 351 |
No. of restraints | 1 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.18, −0.16 |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2009), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2006).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
O1W—H11W···N2C | 0.85 | 2.10 | 2.948 (2) | 174 |
O1W—H21W···N2A | 0.85 | 2.08 | 2.928 (2) | 175 |
O2W—H12W···N1B | 0.85 | 2.09 | 2.935 (2) | 177 |
O2W—H22W···N1Ci | 0.85 | 2.09 | 2.929 (2) | 172 |
O3W—H13W···N2Bii | 0.85 | 2.10 | 2.952 (2) | 177 |
O3W—H23W···N1A | 0.85 | 2.09 | 2.934 (2) | 176 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −y+1, x−y+1, z+1/3; (ii) x+1, y+1, z. |
1,4-Diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) is a common chemical reagent with a wide range of applications. This highly symmetrical diaza compound is a very popular supramolecular substrate for the synthesis of numerous inorganic and organic salts, adducts, coordination compounds and cocrystals, some of which have interesting and promising physical and chemical properties. The DABCO molecule has a globular shape and this is reflected in its two known crystal phases under ambient pressure. Phase II (Nimmo & Lucas, 1976a; Sauvajol, 1980), in space group P63/m (Z = 2) with unit-cell parameters a = 6.14 (2) and c = 9.46 (2) Å at 298 K, has an approximate hexagonal close-packed (hcp) structure with a c/a parameter ratio of 1.54, compared with the value of 1.63 for an ideal hcp structure. Phase II (Nimmo & Lucas, 1976b,c) transforms at 351 K to the cubic phase I, with a = 8.860 (5) Å and Z = 4 in space group Fm3m, i.e. to a plastic phase with a cubic close-packed (ccp) structure.
The phase diagram for the DABCO–water system revealed the occurrence of two hydrates for DABCO, the monohydrate and the hexahydrate (Farkas et al., 1959), and the crystal structures of both have been reported recently (Laus et al., 2008). DABCO monohydrate, (I), is monoclinic, space group C2/c, and has two symmetry-independent DABCO molecules, one ordered and located on a twofold axis and one located around an inversion centre and therefore disordered over two positions. In this structure the DABCO molecules are bridged by the water molecules and a one-dimensional polymeric structure is formed via O—H···N hydrogen bonds. The triclinic structure of the hexahydrate is more complicated, with four DABCO and 24 water molecules in the asymmetric unit and a complex system of O—H···N and O—H···O hydrogen bonds (Laus et al., 2008).
DABCO is frequently used as a cocrystal former, and in the course of our studies of cocrystals and salts of glycyrrhetic acid a small-scale cocrystallization was set up from ethanol, with DABCO and the acid mixed in a 1:1 molar ratio. To our surprise, the colourless crystalline product was a new polymorph of DABCO monohydrate, (II). When crystallization was repeated from tetrahydrofuran (THF) at 278 K, i.e. from a solvent used to obtain polymorph (I) (Laus et al., 2008), but no care was taken to have stoichiometric amounts of THF and water (the THF was not dried), form (II) of DABCO monohydrate precipitated. Polymorph (II) of DABCO monohydrate has a higher symmetry than polymorph (I), as it crystallizes in the trigonal space group P31 (or P32) and has three symmetry-independent DABCO molecules and three water molecules in the asymmetric unit (Z' = 3). The crystal densities of the two high-Z' polymorphs are very similar, 1.203 Mg m-3 (173 K) for (I) and 1.208 Mg m-3 (130 K) for form (II).
In this report we will demonstrate that, in spite of the striking difference in the crystal symmetry and the number of molecules in the asymmetric unit, the two polymorphs of DABCO monohydrate can both be considered as structural analogues of NaCl, with the globular DABCO molecules forming an approximate ccp structure and the water molecules occupying all octahedral interstices.
The asymmetric unit of (II), consisting of three DABCO (labelled A, B and C) and three water molecules, is shown in Fig. 1. Two of the DABCO molecules exhibit disorder. For molecule C, two disordered positions, designated C and CC, were found, which are related by a 22.0° rotation around the N1C—N2C axis and have an occupancy ratio of about 2:1. For molecule B, the rotation angle around the N1B—N2B axis is 49.2° and the occupancy of the two positions, B and BB, is approximately equal. All three DABCO molecules show deviations from ideal D3h symmetry, with the highest absolute value of the N—C—C—N torsion angle among the major positions of 4.5 (8)°. The intramolecular N—N distances [2.573 (2)–2.577 (2) Å] are equal within statistical error for the three molecules and compare well with the N—N distance (2.580 Å) in polymorph (I).
Hydrogen bonds between the DABCO and water molecules (Table 1) join all components into a spacious helix parallel to the 31 axis (Fig. 2a). The O—H···N hydrogen bonds are nearly linear, with the O···N contacts [2.928 (2)–2.952 (2) Å] similar to those found in form (I) (2.949–2.973 Å). In both polymorphs, one-dimensional polymeric structures formed via hydrogen bonds are constructed from linear O—H···N(CH2CH2)3N···H—O segments, with O···O distances of 8.4–8.6 Å, which are directed in three approximately perpendicular directions (Fig. 2). These O···O distances have values similar to the unit-cell parameter of the cubic DABCO form [8.860 (5) Å; Nimmo & Lucas, 1976b,c]. The N···O···N angles at the bridging water molecules are 102.12–102.86° in polymorph (I) and 102.00 (7)–102.94 (7)° in polymorph (II). The main difference in the polymeric hydrogen-bonded structures of the two polymorphs can be best seen when the torsion angles O—O—O—O (ϕ) of subsequent Owater—Owater segments along the chain are calculated. In polymorph (I), the repeated sequence of torsion angles ϕi along the chain is ϕ1 = 95.01, ϕ2 = 180, ϕ3 = -95.01 and ϕ4 = 180°, and the chain is achiral. In the chiral chain of (II) the sequence of the torsion angles is ϕ1 = -88.93 (4), ϕ2 = 177.94 (3) and ϕ3 = -3.01 (3)°.
As was pointed out earlier, the two known DABCO phases, hexagonal and cubic, can be related to the hcp and ccp type structures. The question arises as to whether the DABCO monohydrates can be considered analogously, as closely-packed structures of DABCO with the interstices occupied by water molecules. From the volume of the unit-cell of the hexagonal form, the volume of the DABCO molecule can be estimated to be 150 Å3, and from comparison of the volumes of the unit cells of DABCO and the DABCO monohydrates the volume of the hydrogen-bonded water molecule can be estimated as 29 Å3. These volumes correspond to spheres of radii 3.3 (DABCO) and 1.9 Å (water), and this in turn gives a water/DABCO radii ratio of 0.58. Making an analogy with simple inorganic structures, one may expect that, in the structure of closely-packed DABCO, the water molecules should occupy all octahedral interstices and in such a case two possibilities should be considered: the NaCl-type structure, with DABCO in a ccp arrangement, and the NiAS-type structure, with DABCO in an hcp arrangement.
A closer look at the DABCO packing in (II) shows that, if DABCO is treated as a spherical molecule, its arrangement can be approximated to the ccp structure, with one of the pseudocubic <111> directions parallel to the c axis and the pseudocubic <100> directions either parallel or perpendicular to the DABCO N—N axes. This agrees well with the angles formed by the N—N vectors of the DABCO molecules with the c axis (55.7° for molecule A, 52.6° for molecule B and 55.0° for molecule C), which are close to the ideal value of 54.7° for the angle between the <100> and <111> directions in a cubic lattice. The hexagonal close-packed layers of DABCO are parallel to (001), (121), (211) and (111) and water molecules occupy all octahedral voids between DABCO molecules that have their centroids arranged into a pseudocubic F lattice (Fig. 3). Therefore, the structure of polymorph (II) can be considered as an analogue of the ionic NaCl structure, with DABCO substituting for the Cl- anions and water for the Na+ cations. The pseudocubic F cells that can be constructed in form (II) have two shorter edges, corresponding to the OH···N(CH2CH2)3N···HO distances of 8.431 (2) and 8.395 (2) Å, and a set of longer edges, corresponding to O···DABCO···O segments with the DABCO N—N axis perpendicular to the O···O line [9.112 (2)–9.352 (3) Å] (Fig.3).
Similar packing features can be identified in the structure of the monoclinic polymorph (I). Here, as in (II), the DABCO molecules show a ccp arrangement, with one of the hexagonal close-packed layers easily identified as a (100) layer, with the reciprocal lattice vector a* indicating the stacking direction. The remaining hexagonal layers are parallel to (111), (101) and (111). Only in the stacking direction of a*, corresponding to one of the pseudocubic directions <111>, does separation of the ordered and disordered molecules of DABCO into distinct layers take place. The N—N vectors of DABCO are either virtually parallel or perpendicular to the pseudocubic cell edges. The water molecules are enclosed in octahedral voids and again this polymorph can be treated as a structural analogue of NaCl (Fig. 3).
The question arises as to whether an NiAs analogue, with an hcp DABCO arrangement and water molecules located in octahedral interstices, can be designed. Our analysis of a model of the pseudohexagonal structure showed that linear OH···N(CH2CH2)3N···HO segments could not be constructed in the case of a pseudohexagonal close-packed arrangement of DABCO.
In summary, we would like to emphasise that the identification of a structural analogy between NaCl and the DABCO monohydrates (I) and (II) was very helpful in revealing the striking similarities of the two polymorphic forms, which would otherwise have been limited to a topology of the hydrogen-bond network.