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Noncovalent inter­actions, such as π–π stacking inter­actions, C—H...π inter­actions and hydrogen bonding, are important driving forces for self-assembly in the construction of functional supermolecules and materials, especially in multicomponent supra­molecular systems. Herein, a novel compound based on a π-acidic naphthalene di­imide derivative and a double hydroxide-bridged dinuclear Al3+ aqua ion cluster, namely bis­[N,N′-bis­(2-sulfonato­eth­yl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene di­imide] di-μ-hydroxido-bis­[tetra­aqua­aluminium(III)] tetra­hydrate, (C18H12N2O10S2)2[Al2(OH)2(H2O)8]·4H2O, was obtained using the above-mentioned common noncovalent inter­actions, as well as uncommon lone-pair–π inter­actions. Functional mol­ecular modules were connected by these noncovalent inter­actions to generate obvious photochromic properties. The compound was prepared by the self-assembly of N,N′-bis­(2-sulfoeth­yl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene di­imide and Al(NO3)3·9H2O under mixed solvothermal conditions, and was characterized in detail by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, powder X-ray diffraction and FT–IR spectroscopy. The thermal stability and photochromic properties were also investigated; furthermore, in-situ solid-state UV–Vis absorption spectroscopy and electron spin resonance (ESR) were used to clarify the photochromic mechanism.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229619009872/qp3031sup1.cif
Contains datablocks I, global

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S2053229619009872/qp3031Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 1868171

Computing details top

Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2015); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2015); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Rigaku OD, 2015); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL2018 (Sheldrick, 2015); molecular graphics: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009); software used to prepare material for publication: OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009).

Bis[N,N'-bis(2-sulfonatoethyl)-1,4,5,8-naphthalene diimide] di-µ-hydroxido-bis[tetraaquaaluminium(III)] tetrahydrate top
Crystal data top
(C18H12N2O10S2)2[Al2(OH)2(H2O)8]·4H2OZ = 1
Mr = 1265.00F(000) = 656
Triclinic, P1Dx = 1.724 Mg m3
a = 8.1442 (4) ÅCu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å
b = 9.2736 (5) ÅCell parameters from 2864 reflections
c = 17.1777 (10) Åθ = 5.0–76.4°
α = 76.525 (5)°µ = 3.17 mm1
β = 80.080 (4)°T = 100 K
γ = 76.808 (4)°Parallelepiped, yellow
V = 1218.60 (12) Å30.3 × 0.2 × 0.08 mm
Data collection top
Rigaku OD SuperNova Dual source
diffractometer with an Atlas detector
4284 independent reflections
Radiation source: micro-focus sealed X-ray tube, SuperNova (Cu) X-ray Source3439 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Mirror monochromatorRint = 0.058
Detector resolution: 10.3503 pixels mm-1θmax = 66.6°, θmin = 5.0°
ω scansh = 97
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(CrysAlis PRO; Rigaku OD, 2015)
k = 1110
Tmin = 0.488, Tmax = 1.000l = 2020
7812 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: mixed
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.052H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.147 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.089P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.05(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
4284 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.56 e Å3
402 parametersΔρmin = 0.74 e Å3
17 restraints
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. A suitable single crystal was mounted on a loop for the X-ray measurement. Diffraction data was collected on a SuperNova (Dual source) diffractometer equipped with the CrysAlis PRO X-ray crystallography data systems. The measurement was made by using graphic monochromatic Cu Kα radiation (λ = 1.54184 Å) at 100 K under a cold nitrogen stream. Using OLEX2 (Dolomanov et al., 2009.), the structure was solved with the SHELXT (Sheldrick, 2008) structure solution program using Intrinsic Phasing and refined with the SHELXL (Sheldrick, 2015) refinement package using least-squares minimisation. Crystallographic data has been deposited at the Cambridge Crystallographic Data Center with reference number CCDC 1868171. This data can be obtained free of charge from The Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre via https://www.ccdc.cam.ac.uk/data_request/cif.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
S10.26152 (9)1.01210 (8)0.13293 (4)0.0157 (2)
Al10.05436 (11)0.56602 (10)0.05626 (5)0.0152 (2)
N10.1635 (3)0.7190 (3)0.34171 (16)0.0200 (6)
N20.2709 (3)0.0781 (3)0.65591 (15)0.0161 (5)
O10.1119 (3)1.0200 (3)0.09428 (13)0.0215 (5)
O20.4174 (3)0.9912 (3)0.07733 (13)0.0212 (5)
O30.2434 (3)1.1389 (2)0.17279 (14)0.0230 (5)
O40.0423 (3)0.5925 (3)0.27538 (13)0.0229 (5)
O50.2971 (3)0.8418 (3)0.40449 (14)0.0259 (5)
O60.1810 (3)0.0574 (2)0.58274 (13)0.0229 (5)
O70.3538 (3)0.2132 (3)0.73129 (13)0.0213 (5)
O80.2821 (3)0.3876 (3)0.76957 (13)0.0196 (5)
O90.5866 (3)0.4405 (3)0.77641 (13)0.0208 (5)
O100.3912 (3)0.3015 (3)0.87021 (12)0.0191 (5)
O110.1395 (3)0.5648 (2)0.01369 (13)0.0163 (4)
O120.1074 (3)0.7393 (3)0.02352 (13)0.0179 (5)
H12A0.039 (4)0.816 (3)0.043 (2)0.027*
H12B0.188 (3)0.725 (4)0.0608 (15)0.027*
O130.0633 (3)0.6956 (3)0.12526 (13)0.0204 (5)
H13A0.051 (5)0.674 (4)0.1744 (8)0.031*
H13B0.132 (4)0.779 (2)0.117 (2)0.031*
O140.2682 (3)0.5543 (3)0.08894 (13)0.0193 (5)
H14A0.340 (4)0.609 (4)0.0649 (18)0.029*
H14B0.302 (4)0.516 (4)0.1341 (12)0.029*
O150.0262 (3)0.4062 (2)0.14757 (13)0.0184 (5)
H15A0.063 (3)0.389 (4)0.1768 (19)0.028*
H15B0.097 (3)0.324 (2)0.154 (2)0.028*
O160.5096 (3)0.7092 (2)0.01376 (13)0.0203 (5)
H16A0.4943890.7979880.0228350.030*
H16B0.5022590.7148100.0356960.030*
O170.7624 (3)0.9596 (2)0.08111 (13)0.0222 (5)
C10.2821 (4)0.8453 (3)0.20877 (18)0.0164 (6)
H1A0.2856520.7574200.1845960.020*
H1B0.3904340.8298380.2311270.020*
C20.1352 (4)0.8539 (4)0.27660 (19)0.0220 (7)
H2A0.1254850.9460580.2981760.026*
H2B0.0275090.8603120.2554490.026*
C30.1152 (4)0.5892 (4)0.33203 (18)0.0190 (7)
C40.1538 (4)0.4515 (4)0.39480 (18)0.0173 (6)
C50.2189 (4)0.4589 (4)0.46453 (18)0.0163 (6)
C60.2603 (4)0.5953 (4)0.47315 (19)0.0185 (6)
C70.2448 (4)0.7284 (4)0.40553 (19)0.0208 (7)
C80.3137 (4)0.6028 (4)0.54356 (19)0.0196 (7)
H80.3386790.6947480.5491980.024*
C90.3318 (4)0.4760 (4)0.60741 (18)0.0174 (6)
H90.3674060.4828970.6560160.021*
C100.2973 (4)0.3408 (4)0.59909 (18)0.0158 (6)
C110.2411 (4)0.3308 (3)0.52765 (18)0.0156 (6)
C120.2019 (4)0.1956 (4)0.51850 (18)0.0164 (6)
C130.1424 (4)0.1878 (4)0.44938 (19)0.0205 (7)
H130.1187730.0954030.4435600.025*
C140.1169 (4)0.3176 (4)0.38735 (19)0.0208 (7)
H140.0740360.3128420.3401490.025*
C150.2177 (4)0.0612 (4)0.58584 (18)0.0181 (6)
C160.3123 (4)0.2093 (4)0.66716 (18)0.0164 (6)
C170.2754 (4)0.0525 (4)0.72472 (18)0.0179 (6)
H17A0.1804200.1034560.7258100.022*
H17B0.2593920.0158010.7757350.022*
C180.4429 (4)0.1660 (4)0.71914 (19)0.0165 (6)
H110.237 (3)0.605 (4)0.023 (2)0.025*
H17C0.659 (2)0.961 (4)0.086 (2)0.025*
H17D0.793 (4)1.005 (4)0.0360 (14)0.025*
S20.42425 (9)0.33744 (8)0.78929 (4)0.0156 (2)
H18A0.533 (5)0.137 (4)0.734 (2)0.018 (9)*
H18B0.475 (5)0.197 (5)0.667 (3)0.033 (11)*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
S10.0164 (4)0.0177 (4)0.0105 (4)0.0054 (3)0.0007 (3)0.0034 (3)
Al10.0179 (5)0.0166 (5)0.0105 (4)0.0057 (3)0.0025 (3)0.0013 (4)
N10.0236 (14)0.0199 (14)0.0107 (13)0.0035 (11)0.0024 (11)0.0043 (11)
N20.0189 (13)0.0162 (13)0.0103 (12)0.0028 (10)0.0030 (10)0.0035 (11)
O10.0200 (11)0.0245 (12)0.0178 (11)0.0067 (9)0.0060 (9)0.0048 (10)
O20.0188 (11)0.0269 (12)0.0134 (11)0.0074 (9)0.0036 (9)0.0033 (10)
O30.0306 (13)0.0172 (11)0.0195 (12)0.0051 (9)0.0054 (10)0.0012 (9)
O40.0244 (12)0.0300 (13)0.0109 (11)0.0032 (10)0.0036 (9)0.0013 (10)
O50.0379 (14)0.0170 (12)0.0200 (12)0.0098 (10)0.0008 (10)0.0031 (10)
O60.0347 (13)0.0185 (12)0.0166 (11)0.0102 (10)0.0051 (10)0.0008 (10)
O70.0280 (12)0.0246 (12)0.0110 (11)0.0078 (10)0.0057 (9)0.0019 (9)
O80.0221 (11)0.0228 (12)0.0133 (11)0.0091 (9)0.0004 (9)0.0001 (9)
O90.0206 (11)0.0226 (12)0.0136 (11)0.0005 (9)0.0005 (9)0.0008 (9)
O100.0216 (11)0.0239 (12)0.0094 (10)0.0057 (9)0.0011 (8)0.0017 (9)
O110.0146 (10)0.0211 (11)0.0137 (10)0.0051 (9)0.0004 (8)0.0037 (9)
O120.0208 (11)0.0191 (11)0.0108 (10)0.0043 (9)0.0012 (8)0.0026 (9)
O130.0276 (12)0.0204 (12)0.0104 (10)0.0011 (9)0.0035 (9)0.0002 (9)
O140.0206 (11)0.0239 (12)0.0133 (11)0.0102 (9)0.0052 (9)0.0047 (9)
O150.0197 (11)0.0178 (11)0.0146 (11)0.0063 (9)0.0004 (9)0.0043 (9)
O160.0229 (11)0.0215 (11)0.0170 (11)0.0054 (9)0.0041 (9)0.0025 (10)
O170.0200 (11)0.0266 (13)0.0172 (12)0.0053 (10)0.0009 (9)0.0009 (10)
C10.0203 (15)0.0135 (14)0.0101 (14)0.0027 (12)0.0002 (12)0.0063 (12)
C20.0223 (16)0.0226 (17)0.0131 (15)0.0007 (13)0.0026 (13)0.0053 (14)
C30.0187 (15)0.0235 (17)0.0108 (15)0.0045 (13)0.0027 (12)0.0017 (13)
C40.0186 (15)0.0209 (16)0.0091 (14)0.0049 (12)0.0004 (12)0.0036 (13)
C50.0189 (15)0.0189 (15)0.0096 (14)0.0070 (12)0.0002 (12)0.0020 (13)
C60.0191 (15)0.0182 (15)0.0142 (15)0.0025 (12)0.0017 (12)0.0006 (13)
C70.0237 (16)0.0216 (17)0.0135 (15)0.0056 (13)0.0038 (12)0.0001 (14)
C80.0211 (16)0.0181 (15)0.0196 (16)0.0066 (12)0.0018 (13)0.0040 (13)
C90.0196 (15)0.0205 (16)0.0126 (15)0.0043 (12)0.0009 (12)0.0046 (13)
C100.0148 (14)0.0195 (16)0.0106 (14)0.0051 (12)0.0005 (11)0.0021 (12)
C110.0160 (14)0.0178 (15)0.0113 (14)0.0041 (12)0.0009 (11)0.0005 (12)
C120.0178 (15)0.0193 (15)0.0111 (14)0.0064 (12)0.0012 (11)0.0009 (13)
C130.0223 (16)0.0244 (17)0.0156 (16)0.0072 (13)0.0032 (12)0.0024 (14)
C140.0239 (16)0.0286 (18)0.0106 (15)0.0073 (14)0.0033 (12)0.0023 (13)
C150.0211 (16)0.0186 (16)0.0128 (15)0.0029 (12)0.0010 (12)0.0014 (13)
C160.0150 (14)0.0192 (15)0.0140 (15)0.0059 (12)0.0012 (12)0.0008 (13)
C170.0190 (15)0.0196 (16)0.0115 (14)0.0067 (12)0.0001 (12)0.0056 (13)
C180.0166 (15)0.0165 (15)0.0139 (15)0.0051 (12)0.0011 (12)0.0032 (13)
S20.0182 (4)0.0171 (4)0.0092 (4)0.0039 (3)0.0013 (3)0.0020 (3)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
S1—O11.465 (2)O16—H16B0.8510
S1—O21.451 (2)O17—H17C0.834 (18)
S1—O31.461 (2)O17—H17D0.821 (18)
S1—C11.770 (3)C1—H1A0.9900
Al1—Al1i2.8646 (18)C1—H1B0.9900
Al1—O111.855 (2)C1—C21.521 (4)
Al1—O11i1.845 (2)C2—H2A0.9900
Al1—O121.932 (2)C2—H2B0.9900
Al1—O131.874 (2)C3—C41.477 (4)
Al1—O141.893 (2)C4—C51.413 (4)
Al1—O151.912 (2)C4—C141.381 (5)
N1—C21.474 (4)C5—C61.427 (4)
N1—C31.401 (4)C5—C111.410 (4)
N1—C71.404 (4)C6—C71.483 (4)
N2—C151.399 (4)C6—C81.374 (5)
N2—C161.397 (4)C8—H80.9500
N2—C171.481 (4)C8—C91.409 (5)
O4—C31.216 (4)C9—H90.9500
O5—C71.216 (4)C9—C101.389 (4)
O6—C151.220 (4)C10—C111.410 (4)
O7—C161.217 (4)C10—C161.479 (4)
O8—S21.458 (2)C11—C121.411 (4)
O9—S21.460 (2)C12—C131.380 (4)
O10—S21.470 (2)C12—C151.487 (4)
O11—H110.804 (19)C13—H130.9500
O12—H12A0.838 (10)C13—C141.411 (5)
O12—H12B0.843 (10)C14—H140.9500
O13—H13A0.838 (10)C17—H17A0.9900
O13—H13B0.843 (10)C17—H17B0.9900
O14—H14A0.849 (10)C17—C181.524 (4)
O14—H14B0.842 (10)C18—S21.777 (3)
O15—H15A0.835 (10)C18—H18A0.93 (4)
O15—H15B0.841 (10)C18—H18B0.98 (4)
O16—H16A0.8506
O1—S1—C1107.48 (14)H2A—C2—H2B108.1
O2—S1—O1110.80 (13)N1—C3—C4116.6 (3)
O2—S1—O3113.80 (14)O4—C3—N1120.8 (3)
O2—S1—C1104.82 (14)O4—C3—C4122.5 (3)
O3—S1—O1112.33 (14)C5—C4—C3120.1 (3)
O3—S1—C1107.06 (14)C14—C4—C3119.9 (3)
O11i—Al1—Al1i39.38 (7)C14—C4—C5120.0 (3)
O11—Al1—Al1i39.13 (7)C4—C5—C6121.1 (3)
O11i—Al1—O1178.51 (11)C11—C5—C4120.0 (3)
O11i—Al1—O1292.95 (10)C11—C5—C6118.9 (3)
O11—Al1—O1293.71 (10)C5—C6—C7119.3 (3)
O11—Al1—O1393.43 (11)C8—C6—C5120.1 (3)
O11i—Al1—O13171.71 (11)C8—C6—C7120.6 (3)
O11i—Al1—O1494.18 (11)N1—C7—C6116.5 (3)
O11—Al1—O14172.54 (11)O5—C7—N1120.5 (3)
O11—Al1—O1596.20 (10)O5—C7—C6122.9 (3)
O11i—Al1—O1593.42 (11)C6—C8—H8119.6
O12—Al1—Al1i94.30 (8)C6—C8—C9120.9 (3)
O13—Al1—Al1i132.53 (9)C9—C8—H8119.6
O13—Al1—O1289.45 (11)C8—C9—H9120.1
O13—Al1—O1493.93 (11)C10—C9—C8119.8 (3)
O13—Al1—O1585.48 (10)C10—C9—H9120.1
O14—Al1—Al1i133.54 (9)C9—C10—C11120.4 (3)
O14—Al1—O1285.12 (10)C9—C10—C16119.4 (3)
O14—Al1—O1585.63 (10)C11—C10—C16120.2 (3)
O15—Al1—Al1i96.22 (8)C5—C11—C12118.8 (3)
O15—Al1—O12169.12 (11)C10—C11—C5119.9 (3)
C3—N1—C2116.8 (3)C10—C11—C12121.4 (3)
C3—N1—C7125.5 (3)C11—C12—C15119.4 (3)
C7—N1—C2117.6 (3)C13—C12—C11121.1 (3)
C15—N2—C17116.7 (3)C13—C12—C15119.4 (3)
C16—N2—C15125.5 (3)C12—C13—H13120.2
C16—N2—C17117.8 (2)C12—C13—C14119.7 (3)
Al1i—O11—Al1101.49 (11)C14—C13—H13120.2
Al1i—O11—H11127 (3)C4—C14—C13120.5 (3)
Al1—O11—H11131 (3)C4—C14—H14119.7
Al1—O12—H12A128 (2)C13—C14—H14119.7
Al1—O12—H12B118 (2)N2—C15—C12116.9 (3)
H12A—O12—H12B105 (2)O6—C15—N2120.3 (3)
Al1—O13—H13A120 (2)O6—C15—C12122.7 (3)
Al1—O13—H13B133 (2)N2—C16—C10116.6 (3)
H13A—O13—H13B107 (2)O7—C16—N2120.3 (3)
Al1—O14—H14A126 (2)O7—C16—C10123.0 (3)
Al1—O14—H14B129 (2)N2—C17—H17A109.2
H14A—O14—H14B104 (2)N2—C17—H17B109.2
Al1—O15—H15A128 (2)N2—C17—C18111.8 (2)
Al1—O15—H15B121 (2)H17A—C17—H17B107.9
H15A—O15—H15B107 (2)C18—C17—H17A109.2
H16A—O16—H16B109.3C18—C17—H17B109.2
H17C—O17—H17D109 (3)C17—C18—S2109.8 (2)
S1—C1—H1A109.3C17—C18—H18A114 (2)
S1—C1—H1B109.3C17—C18—H18B114 (2)
H1A—C1—H1B108.0S2—C18—H18A103 (2)
C2—C1—S1111.6 (2)S2—C18—H18B104 (2)
C2—C1—H1A109.3H18A—C18—H18B110 (3)
C2—C1—H1B109.3O8—S2—O9113.01 (14)
N1—C2—C1110.1 (3)O8—S2—O10112.30 (13)
N1—C2—H2A109.6O8—S2—C18105.80 (14)
N1—C2—H2B109.6O9—S2—O10112.56 (13)
C1—C2—H2A109.6O9—S2—C18105.65 (14)
C1—C2—H2B109.6O10—S2—C18106.85 (15)
Symmetry code: (i) x, y+1, z.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O12—H12A···O1ii0.84 (1)1.87 (1)2.704 (3)176 (4)
O12—H12B···O10iii0.84 (1)1.87 (1)2.699 (3)169 (4)
O13—H13A···O40.84 (1)1.94 (1)2.747 (3)163 (3)
O13—H13B···O17iv0.84 (1)1.72 (9)2.55 (8)167 (5)
O14—H14A···O160.85 (1)1.83 (1)2.674 (3)175 (4)
O14—H14B···O9v0.84 (1)1.83 (1)2.664 (3)169 (3)
O14—H14B···S2v0.84 (1)2.78 (2)3.499 (2)144 (3)
O15—H15A···O8vi0.84 (1)1.86 (1)2.686 (3)169 (3)
O15—H15B···O3vii0.84 (1)1.85 (1)2.688 (3)176 (3)
C1—H1B···O7viii0.992.213.194 (4)174
O11—H11···O16iv0.81 (2)2.08 (2)2.866 (3)163 (4)
O17—H17C···O20.83 (2)1.95 (2)2.768 (3)169 (3)
O17—H17D···O1ix0.82 (2)2.29 (3)2.987 (3)144 (4)
Symmetry codes: (ii) x, y+2, z; (iii) x, y+1, z1; (iv) x1, y, z; (v) x+1, y, z+1; (vi) x, y, z+1; (vii) x, y1, z; (viii) x+1, y+1, z+1; (ix) x+1, y+2, z.
 

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