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In the title compound, [(C2H5)(C4H9)NCS2]4Zn2 or [Zn2(C7H14NS2)4], one di­thio­carbamate group chelates the Zn atom whereas the other is bonded to two Zn atoms. The coordination geometry of the Zn atom is a tetrahedron distorted towards a five-coordinate geometry intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and a square pyramidal.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536800020808/na6028sup1.cif
Contains datablocks I, aho49m

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536800020808/na6028Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 159702

Key indicators

  • Single-crystal X-ray study
  • T = 298 K
  • Mean [sigma](C-C) = 0.008 Å
  • Disorder in main residue
  • R factor = 0.047
  • wR factor = 0.144
  • Data-to-parameter ratio = 26.0

checkCIF results

No syntax errors found

ADDSYM reports no extra symmetry


Yellow Alert Alert Level C:
PLAT_301 Alert C Main residue disorder ........................ 15.00 Perc. PLAT_702 Alert C Angle Calc 135.55(4), Rep 135.60(10), Dev. 1.25 Sigma S1 -ZN1 -S3 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_732 Alert C Angle Calc 75.70(3), Rep 75.70(10) .... 3.33 s.u-Ratio S1 -ZN1 -S2 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_732 Alert C Angle Calc 135.55(4), Rep 135.60(10) .... 2.50 s.u-Ratio S1 -ZN1 -S3 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_732 Alert C Angle Calc 95.69(3), Rep 95.70(10) .... 3.33 s.u-Ratio S1 -ZN1 -S4 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_732 Alert C Angle Calc 106.29(4), Rep 106.30(10) .... 2.50 s.u-Ratio S2 -ZN1 -S3 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_732 Alert C Angle Calc 162.29(4), Rep 162.30(10) .... 2.50 s.u-Ratio S2 -ZN1 -S4 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_732 Alert C Angle Calc 68.87(3), Rep 68.90(10) .... 3.33 s.u-Ratio S3 -ZN1 -S4 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_733 Alert C Torsion Calc 107.19(4), Rep 107.20(10) .... 2.50 s.u-Ratio S3 -ZN1 -S4 -ZN1 1.555 1.555 1.555 5.566 PLAT_733 Alert C Torsion Calc -115.88(3), Rep -115.90(10) .... 3.33 s.u-Ratio S1 -ZN1 -S4 -ZN1 1.555 1.555 1.555 5.566 PLAT_733 Alert C Torsion Calc 0.00(4), Rep 0.00(10) .... 2.50 s.u-Ratio S4 -ZN1 -S4 -ZN1 5.566 1.555 1.555 5.566
0 Alert Level A = Potentially serious problem
0 Alert Level B = Potential problem
11 Alert Level C = Please check

Comment top

The title compound, (I), adopts a centrosymmetric dimeric structure in which the Zn atom is chelated by one dithiocarbamate anion; the other dithiocarbamate anion uses one of its two S atoms to bind to two Zn atoms through two bonds. The long bond corresponds to the typical values of 2.815 (1)–3.036 (6) Å found in zinc dithiocarbamates (Cox & Tiekink, 1997). The metal coordination geometry is tetrahedral distorted towards five-coordinate intermediate between trigonal bipyramidal and a square pyramidal. The structure is similar to those of diisopropyldithiocarbamate (Miyamae, 1979) and diethyldithiocabramate zinc (Tiekink, 2000).

Experimental top

Carbon disulfide was added to an ethanol solution of butylethylamine at 277 K followed by an ethanol solution of zinc chloride. The mixture was vigorously stirred and then set aside. The solid that separated was isolated and then recrystallized from ethanol to afford the title compound.

Refinement top

One of the two butyl chains is disordered in two positions; the chain was refined as two chains sharing a commond C1 atom. The occupancy was fixed at 0.5 as it refined to approximately 0.5. Pairs of 1,2- and 1,3-related C atoms were restrained by SADI 0.01 and SADI 0.02 instructions for the ordered and disordered butyl chains. The unprimed and primed atoms were restrained to have the same displacement parameters; additionally, an ISOR 0.02 command was imposed on the disordered atoms.

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Siemens, 1996); cell refinement: SAINT (Siemens, 1996); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976) plot of the title compound at the 50% probability level. H atoms are shown as circles of arbitrary radii.
Bis(µ-N-butyl-N-ethyldithiocarbamato-S:S')bis[(N-butyl-N– ethyldithiocarbamato)zinc(II)] top
Crystal data top
[Zn2(C7H14NS2)4]Dx = 1.317 Mg m3
Mr = 835.99Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Orthorhombic, PbcaCell parameters from 6367 reflections
a = 14.7301 (2) Åθ = 1.7–28.2°
b = 12.0254 (2) ŵ = 1.56 mm1
c = 23.7960 (1) ÅT = 298 K
V = 4215.11 (9) Å3Block, colorless
Z = 40.46 × 0.24 × 0.20 mm
F(000) = 1760
Data collection top
Siemens CCD area-detectorr
diffractometer
5171 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube3106 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.082
Detector resolution: 8.33 pixels mm-1θmax = 28.2°, θmin = 1.7°
ω scansh = 1719
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements)
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
k = 1415
Tmin = 0.534, Tmax = 0.746l = 3031
27642 measured reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.047Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.144H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.96 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0802P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5171 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
199 parametersΔρmax = 0.39 e Å3
69 restraintsΔρmin = 0.50 e Å3
Crystal data top
[Zn2(C7H14NS2)4]V = 4215.11 (9) Å3
Mr = 835.99Z = 4
Orthorhombic, PbcaMo Kα radiation
a = 14.7301 (2) ŵ = 1.56 mm1
b = 12.0254 (2) ÅT = 298 K
c = 23.7960 (1) Å0.46 × 0.24 × 0.20 mm
Data collection top
Siemens CCD area-detectorr
diffractometer
5171 independent reflections
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements)
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
3106 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.534, Tmax = 0.746Rint = 0.082
27642 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.04769 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.144H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.96Δρmax = 0.39 e Å3
5171 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.50 e Å3
199 parameters
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/UeqOcc. (<1)
Zn10.01584 (3)0.46435 (3)0.42416 (2)0.0603 (2)
S10.06436 (7)0.28027 (7)0.41416 (3)0.0684 (3)
S20.02709 (7)0.41446 (8)0.32706 (4)0.0691 (3)
S30.08445 (8)0.63874 (8)0.41903 (4)0.0768 (3)
S40.12047 (6)0.50962 (7)0.52327 (4)0.0597 (2)
N10.0193 (2)0.2026 (2)0.3131 (1)0.074 (1)
N20.1683 (2)0.7232 (2)0.5078 (1)0.061 (1)
C10.0190 (2)0.2898 (3)0.3471 (1)0.060 (1)
C20.0195 (4)0.2080 (4)0.2550 (2)0.103 (2)
C30.1165 (4)0.1744 (5)0.2539 (2)0.151 (2)
C40.0569 (4)0.0942 (3)0.3296 (2)0.101 (1)0.50
C50.1509 (9)0.070 (1)0.310 (1)0.115 (3)0.50
C60.168 (1)0.053 (1)0.3195 (5)0.138 (4)0.50
C70.267 (1)0.071 (2)0.3213 (7)0.173 (5)0.50
C4'0.0569 (4)0.0942 (3)0.3296 (2)0.101 (1)0.50
C5'0.1567 (7)0.085 (1)0.318 (1)0.115 (3)0.50
C6'0.192 (1)0.023 (1)0.3411 (5)0.138 (4)0.50
C7'0.237 (1)0.094 (2)0.3000 (6)0.173 (5)0.50
C80.1277 (2)0.6343 (2)0.4863 (1)0.055 (1)
C90.1764 (3)0.8286 (3)0.4762 (2)0.080 (1)
C100.0965 (3)0.9051 (4)0.4865 (2)0.107 (2)
C110.2067 (2)0.7240 (3)0.5651 (1)0.072 (1)
C120.3068 (3)0.6979 (5)0.5652 (2)0.099 (1)
C130.3476 (4)0.7050 (7)0.6232 (2)0.173 (3)
C140.3247 (7)0.6064 (8)0.6557 (3)0.262 (6)
H2a0.01390.28330.24080.123*
H2b0.01500.15940.23050.123*
H3a0.13900.17890.21610.226*
H3b0.15110.22320.27760.226*
H3C0.12220.09940.26730.226*
H4a0.01680.03650.31560.121*0.50
H4b0.05640.08960.37030.121*0.50
H5a0.19470.11410.33010.139*0.50
H5b0.15650.08680.26990.139*0.50
H6a0.14090.07590.35480.165*0.50
H6b0.14140.09660.28950.165*0.50
H7a0.27940.14860.32760.260*0.50
H7b0.29300.02820.35140.260*0.50
H7c0.29360.04850.28630.260*0.50
H4'10.02500.03590.30940.121*0.50
H4'20.04660.08280.36940.121*0.50
H5'10.16720.08730.27740.139*0.50
H5'20.18870.14670.33470.139*0.50
H6'10.23430.00630.37100.165*0.50
H6'20.14130.06330.35740.165*0.50
H7'10.25700.16070.31800.260*0.50
H7'20.28770.05530.28420.260*0.50
H7'30.19460.11250.27060.260*0.50
H9a0.18030.81220.43630.096*
H9b0.23190.86610.48720.096*
H10a0.10430.97230.46530.161*
H10b0.09310.92260.52580.161*
H10c0.04150.86880.47500.161*
H11a0.17500.66970.58800.086*
H11b0.19710.79670.58180.086*
H12a0.31600.62350.55050.119*
H12b0.33800.74960.54060.119*
H13a0.41300.71170.62030.207*
H13b0.32470.77060.64220.207*
H14a0.35110.61200.69250.393*
H14b0.34810.54160.63710.393*
H14c0.25990.60050.65900.393*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Zn10.0644 (3)0.0519 (3)0.0644 (3)0.0003 (2)0.0004 (2)0.0111 (2)
S10.0812 (6)0.0612 (5)0.0629 (5)0.0155 (4)0.0111 (4)0.0080 (4)
S20.0868 (6)0.0580 (5)0.0624 (5)0.0064 (4)0.0145 (4)0.0073 (4)
S30.0958 (7)0.0708 (6)0.0637 (5)0.0241 (5)0.0127 (5)0.0003 (4)
S40.0559 (5)0.0495 (4)0.0736 (5)0.0071 (3)0.0023 (4)0.0065 (3)
N10.095 (2)0.057 (2)0.070 (2)0.005 (2)0.008 (2)0.015 (1)
N20.056 (2)0.057 (2)0.071 (2)0.008 (1)0.010 (1)0.005 (1)
C10.063 (2)0.051 (2)0.066 (2)0.001 (1)0.000 (2)0.011 (2)
C20.149 (5)0.079 (3)0.079 (3)0.020 (3)0.025 (3)0.030 (2)
C30.162 (6)0.128 (5)0.161 (5)0.036 (4)0.058 (4)0.014 (4)
C40.154 (5)0.050 (2)0.097 (3)0.012 (2)0.005 (3)0.014 (2)
C50.143 (5)0.091 (5)0.112 (7)0.048 (4)0.010 (4)0.000 (5)
C60.194 (9)0.142 (9)0.076 (8)0.075 (8)0.002 (6)0.006 (6)
C70.20 (1)0.148 (9)0.17 (1)0.073 (9)0.089 (8)0.026 (7)
C4'0.154 (5)0.050 (2)0.097 (3)0.012 (2)0.005 (3)0.014 (2)
C5'0.143 (5)0.091 (5)0.112 (7)0.048 (4)0.010 (4)0.000 (5)
C6'0.194 (9)0.142 (9)0.076 (8)0.075 (8)0.002 (6)0.006 (6)
C7'0.20 (1)0.148 (9)0.17 (1)0.073 (9)0.089 (8)0.026 (7)
C80.045 (2)0.055 (2)0.066 (2)0.002 (1)0.002 (1)0.007 (1)
C90.089 (3)0.061 (2)0.090 (3)0.024 (2)0.017 (2)0.004 (2)
C100.141 (4)0.060 (3)0.121 (4)0.012 (3)0.006 (3)0.007 (2)
C110.072 (2)0.070 (2)0.074 (2)0.00 (2)0.016 (2)0.009 (2)
C120.067 (3)0.124 (4)0.107 (3)0.011 (2)0.020 (2)0.008 (3)
C130.099 (4)0.277 (9)0.142 (5)0.027 (5)0.037 (4)0.090 (6)
C140.21 (1)0.41 (2)0.170 (8)0.00 (1)0.056 (7)0.067 (9)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Zn1—S12.338 (1)C4—H4a0.9700
Zn1—S22.470 (1)C4—H4b0.9700
Zn1—S32.331 (1)C5—H5a0.9700
Zn1—S42.870 (1)C5—H5b0.9700
Zn1—S4i2.386 (1)C6—H6a0.9700
S1—C11.735 (3)C6—H6b0.9700
S2—C11.713 (3)C7—H7a0.9600
S3—C81.723 (3)C7—H7b0.9600
S4—C81.742 (3)C7—H7C0.9600
N1—C11.324 (4)C5'—H5'10.9700
N1—C41.470 (5)C5'—H5'20.9700
N1—C21.497 (5)C6'—H6'10.9700
N2—C81.327 (4)C6'—H6'20.9700
N2—C111.477 (4)C7'—H7'10.9600
N2—C91.479 (4)C7'—H7'20.9600
C2—C31.485 (6)C7'—H7'30.9600
C4—C51.494 (7)C9—H9a0.9700
C5—C61.515 (8)C9—H9b0.9700
C6—C71.475 (8)C10—H10a0.9600
C5'—C6'1.500 (8)C10—H10b0.9600
C6'—C7'1.458 (8)C10—H10c0.9600
C9—C101.514 (6)C11—H11a0.9700
C11—C121.509 (5)C11—H11b0.9700
C12—C131.508 (5)C12—H12a0.9700
C13—C141.455 (7)C12—H12b0.9700
C2—H2a0.9700C13—H13a0.9700
C2—H2b0.9700C13—H13b0.9700
C3—H3a0.9600C14—H14a0.9600
C3—H3b0.9600C14—H14b0.9600
C3—H3C0.9600C14—H14c0.9600
S1—Zn1—S275.7 (1)C7—C6—H6a110.0
S1—Zn1—S3135.6 (1)C5—C6—H6a110.0
S1—Zn1—S495.7 (1)C7—C6—H6b110.0
S1—Zn1—S4i115.8 (1)C5—C6—H6b110.0
S2—Zn1—S3106.3 (1)H6a—C6—H6b108.4
S2—Zn1—S4162.3 (1)C6—C7—H7a109.5
S2—Zn1—S4i107.9 (1)C6—C7—H7b109.5
S3—Zn1—S468.9 (1)H7a—C7—H7b109.5
S3—Zn1—S4i105.9 (1)C6—C7—H7c109.5
S4—Zn1—S4i89.8 (1)H7a—C7—H7c109.5
C1—S1—Zn185.0 (1)H7b—C7—H7c109.5
C1—S2—Zn181.4 (1)C6'—C5'—H5'1109.8
C8—S3—Zn194.8 (1)C6'—C5'—H5'2109.8
C8—S4—Zn1i101.8 (1)H5'1—C5'—H5'2108.3
C8—S4—Zn177.3 (1)C7'—C6'—H6'1108.7
Zn1—S4—Zn1i90.2 (1)C5'—C6'—H6'1108.7
C1—N1—C4122.7 (3)C7'—C6'—H6'2108.7
C1—N1—C2121.9 (3)C5'—C6'—H6'2108.7
C4—N1—C2115.3 (3)H6'1—C6'—H6'2107.6
C8—N2—C11122.3 (3)C6'—C7'—H7'1109.5
C8—N2—C9122.0 (3)C6'—C7'—H7'2109.5
C11—N2—C9115.7 (3)H7'1—C7'—H7'2109.5
N1—C1—S2121.6 (3)C6'—C7'—H7'3109.5
N1—C1—S1120.6 (3)H7'1—C7'—H7'3109.5
S2—C1—S1117.8 (2)H7'2—C7'—H7'3109.5
C3—C2—N1111.8 (4)N2—C9—H9a109.2
N1—C4—C5116.1 (7)C10—C9—H9a109.2
C4—C5—C6107.3 (8)N2—C9—H9b109.2
C7—C6—C5108 (1)C10—C9—H9b109.2
C7'—C6'—C5'114 (1)H9a—C9—H9b107.9
N2—C8—S3120.0 (2)C9—C10—H10a109.5
N2—C8—S4121.7 (2)C9—C10—H10b109.5
S3—C8—S4118.2 (2)H10a—C10—H10b109.5
N2—C9—C10112.0 (3)C9—C10—H10c109.5
N2—C11—C12112.0 (3)H10a—C10—H10c109.5
C13—C12—C11112.2 (4)H10b—C10—H10c109.5
C14—C13—C12110.3 (6)N2—C11—H11a109.2
C3—C2—H2a109.2C12—C11—H11a109.2
N1—C2—H2a109.2N2—C11—H11b109.2
C3—C2—H2b109.2C12—C11—H11b109.2
N1—C2—H2b109.2H11a—C11—H11b107.9
H2a—C2—H2b107.9C13—C12—H12a109.2
C2—C3—H3a109.5C11—C12—H12a109.2
C2—C3—H3b109.5C13—C12—H12b109.2
H3a—C3—H3b109.5C11—C12—H12b109.2
C2—C3—H3c109.5H12a—C12—H12b107.9
H3a—C3—H3c109.5C14—C13—H13a109.6
H3b—C3—H3c109.5C12—C13—H13a109.6
N1—C4—H4a108.3C14—C13—H13b109.6
C5—C4—H4a108.3C12—C13—H13b109.6
N1—C4—H4b108.3H13a—C13—H13b108.1
C5—C4—H4b108.3C13—C14—H14a109.5
H4a—C4—H4b107.4C13—C14—H14b109.5
C4—C5—H5a110.3H14a—C14—H14b109.5
C6—C5—H5a110.3C13—C14—H14c109.5
C4—C5—H5b110.3H14a—C14—H14c109.5
C6—C5—H5b110.3H14b—C14—H14c109.5
H5a—C5—H5b108.5
S3—Zn1—S1—C1100.0 (1)Zn1—S2—C1—S11.8 (2)
S4i—Zn1—S1—C1102.0 (1)Zn1—S1—C1—N1177.3 (3)
S2—Zn1—S1—C11.2 (1)Zn1—S1—C1—S21.9 (2)
S4—Zn1—S1—C1165.5 (1)C1—N1—C2—C391.9 (5)
S3—Zn1—S2—C1135.1 (1)C4—N1—C2—C387.7 (5)
S1—Zn1—S2—C11.2 (1)C1—N1—C4—C599 (2)
S4i—Zn1—S2—C1111.7 (1)C2—N1—C4—C582 (2)
S4—Zn1—S2—C163.7 (2)N1—C4—C5—C6167 (1)
S1—Zn1—S3—C881.1 (1)C4—C5—C6—C7158 (2)
S4i—Zn1—S3—C878.3 (1)C11—N2—C8—S3179.9 (2)
S2—Zn1—S3—C8167.1 (1)C9—N2—C8—S31.2 (4)
S4—Zn1—S3—C85.1 (1)C11—N2—C8—S42.4 (4)
S3—Zn1—S4—C85.2 (1)C9—N2—C8—S4178.7 (2)
S1—Zn1—S4—C8142.1 (1)Zn1—S3—C8—N2173.5 (2)
S4i—Zn1—S4—C8102.0 (1)Zn1—S3—C8—S49.0 (2)
S2—Zn1—S4—C882.4 (1)Zn1i—S4—C8—N287.5 (3)
S3—Zn1—S4—Zn1i107.2 (1)Zn1—S4—C8—N2175.0 (3)
S1—Zn1—S4—Zn1i115.9 (1)Zn1i—S4—C8—S395.0 (2)
S4i—Zn1—S4—Zn1i0.0 (1)Zn1—S4—C8—S37.5 (1)
S2—Zn1—S4—Zn1i175.6 (1)C8—N2—C9—C1090.3 (4)
C4—N1—C1—S2178.9 (3)C11—N2—C9—C1088.7 (4)
C2—N1—C1—S20.7 (5)C8—N2—C11—C1295.3 (4)
C4—N1—C1—S10.2 (5)C9—N2—C11—C1285.7 (4)
C2—N1—C1—S1179.9 (3)N2—C11—C12—C13176.7 (4)
Zn1—S2—C1—N1177.4 (3)C11—C12—C13—C1477.5 (8)
Symmetry code: (i) x, y+1, z+1.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
C2—H2a···S20.972.603.019 (5)107
C4—H4b···S10.972.523.011 (4)111
C9—H9a···S30.972.552.983 (4)107
C11—H11a···S40.972.593.041 (3)108

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formula[Zn2(C7H14NS2)4]
Mr835.99
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, Pbca
Temperature (K)298
a, b, c (Å)14.7301 (2), 12.0254 (2), 23.7960 (1)
V3)4215.11 (9)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)1.56
Crystal size (mm)0.46 × 0.24 × 0.20
Data collection
DiffractometerSiemens CCD area-detectorr
diffractometer
Absorption correctionEmpirical (using intensity measurements)
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996)
Tmin, Tmax0.534, 0.746
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
27642, 5171, 3106
Rint0.082
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.666
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.047, 0.144, 0.96
No. of reflections5171
No. of parameters199
No. of restraints69
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.39, 0.50

Computer programs: SMART (Siemens, 1996), SAINT (Siemens, 1996), SAINT, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), ORTEPII (Johnson, 1976), SHELXL97.

Selected geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Zn1—S12.338 (1)Zn1—S42.870 (1)
Zn1—S22.470 (1)Zn1—S4i2.386 (1)
Zn1—S32.331 (1)
S1—Zn1—S275.7 (1)S2—Zn1—S4i107.9 (1)
S1—Zn1—S3135.6 (1)S3—Zn1—S468.9 (1)
S1—Zn1—S495.7 (1)S3—Zn1—S4i105.9 (1)
S1—Zn1—S4i115.8 (1)S4—Zn1—S4i89.8 (1)
S2—Zn1—S3106.3 (1)Zn1—S4—Zn1i90.2 (1)
S2—Zn1—S4162.3 (1)
Symmetry code: (i) x, y+1, z+1.
 

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