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The title compound, 1-(2′,3′-di­deoxy-β-D-glycero-pent-2-eno­furan­osyl)­thymine 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone solvate, C10H12N2O4·­C5H9NO, is an NMPO solvate of the anti-AIDS agent D4T. In its crystal structure, both the pyrimidine and the furan­ose rings are planar and approximately perpendicular [82.1 (4)°]. The value of the torsion angle defining the orientation of the thymine with respect to the joined furane, χ = −100.8 (4)°, and that of the torsion angle giving the orientation of the hydroxyl group linked to the furane ring, γ = 52.9 (5)°, show that the gly­cosyl­ic link adopts the so-called high-anti conformation and the 5′-hydroxyl group is in the +sc position. The NMPO solvate is linked to the nucleoside through a fairly strong hydrogen bond.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270100001451/na1454sup1.cif
Contains datablocks D4T-NMPO, I

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270100001451/na1454Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 145541

Comment top

Many chemotherapeutic compounds (Huryn & Okabe, 1992) have been evaluated since acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) appeared in the world and became one of the most important epidemic diseases in modern times (De Clercq & Balzarini, 1995). Nucleosides analogues, particularly those belonging to the 2',3'-O-dideoxynucleoside and 2',3'-O-didehydro-2',3'-O-dideoxynucleoside family (Chu et al., 1989; Herdewijn et al., 1987), have shown high effectiveness in the treatment of AIDS, inhibiting the HIV (human immunodeficiency virus) reverse transcriptase after their anabolic activation to 5'-triphosphate derivatives by cellular kinases.

2',3'-Didehydro-3'-deoxythymidine (Stavudine or D4T) is a potent and selective antiviral agent that is currently in clinical trials for treatment of AIDS (Baba et al., 1987). D4T was originally synthesized by Horwitz et al. (1966) and recently different groups have developed different synthetic routes in order to obtain an easy procedure with high yield (Negron et al., 1994; Bonaffé et al., 1996). Skonezny et al. (1994) have developed a simple and gentle procedure for obtaining D4T, which included a novel purification step where D4T was isolated with N-methylpyrrolidone as solvate. \sch

The structural study of this complex was undertaken in order to gain further information on the geometry of D4T and on its link with NMPO, which is the final step of the adopted synthetic procedure. The structures of two crystal phases of D4T alone have already been solved (Gurskaya et al., 1991; Harte et al., 1991; Van Roey et al., 1993) together with those of other 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-deoxynucleotides (D4N) (Birnbaum et al., 1989; Van Roey et al., 1993; Pugazhenthi et al., 1994).

A view of the molecular adduct is shown in Figure 1, where the numbering scheme is consistent with that adopted in the above references. Bond distances and angles of D4T in our solvate do not show any relevant deviation from the literature values.

Three parameters may be used to describe the most important conformational features of a nucleoside molecule (Saenger, 1984): the torsion angle χ = C2—N1—C1'-O4' for the geometry of the glycosylic link, the furanose ring puckering and the orientation of the 5'-hydroxyl group in terms of the torsion angle γ = C3'-C4'-C5'-O5'. The values of χ = -100.8 (4) and of γ = 52.9 (5)° in our compound show that the glycosylic link adopts the so called high-anti conformation and the 5'-hydroxyl group is in the +sc (synclynal) position, as found in a number of other D4N molecules (Van Roey et al., 1993). The value of γ is largely determined by the type of hydrogen bond in which O5' is engaged: indeed in 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-deoxy-5-hydroxymethyluridine (D4HMUrd) (Pugazhenthi et al., 1994), where O5' acts only as hydrogen-bond acceptor, the 5'-hydroxyl group adopts the ap (antiperiplanar) conformation, while the +sc conformation is found when O5' acts as donor.

The furanose ring is significantly planar, with an r.m.s. deviation of the five-atom plane of 0.003 Å and O4' at -0.009 (2) Å from the plane of the other for atoms. A similar flat ring was found in one of the two independent molecules of 2',3'-didehydro-2',3'-deoxyuridine (D4U) (Van Roey et al., 1993) and in a 4'-C-branched derivative of D4U (Yamaguchi et al., 1992). The pyrimidine ring is also planar, but with a larger r.m.s. deviation [0.006 Å, with C2 at -0.011 (2) Å and N3 at 0.009 (2) Å from the plane]. The dihedral angle between the pyrimidine and the furanose planes is of 82.1 (4)°.

The geometry of the NMPO molecule is not well defined because it is affected by some disorder, as indicated by the high values of the atomic displacement parameters of some of the atoms.

The two moieties of our adduct are held together by a fairly strong O5'-H5'···O* hydrogen bond, with O5'···O* = 2.663 (4) Å, H5'···O* = 1.88 Å and an angle at H5' of 159°. O5' is also involved as acceptor in a medium strength intermolecular N3—H3···O5'(at 1 - x, y - 1/2, 1/2 - z) hydrogen bond, with N3···O5'= 2.853 (4) Å, H3···O5' = 2.01 Å and an angle at H3 of 166°.

Experimental top

The D4T·NMPO complex was synthesized from thymidine by several reaction steps. The initial step involved the mesylation of the 3' and 5' hydroxyl groups of thymidine. The bis-mesylthymidine was heated with aqueous sodium hydroxide (30%) to give 3',5'-anhydrothymidine, then treated with potassium hydroxide in isopropyl alcohol to produce D4T, which was then isolated as a D4T·NMPO complex.

Computing details top

Data collection: XSCANS (Siemens, 1996); cell refinement: XSCANS; data reduction: XSCANS; program(s) used to solve structure: SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: SHELXTL/IRIS (Sheldrick, 1990) and MOLDRAW (Ugliengo et al., 1993); software used to prepare material for publication: PARST (Nardelli, 1995), PARSTCIF (Nardelli, 1991) and SHELXL97.

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1.  
1-(2',3'-dideoxy-β-D-glycero-pent-2-enofuranosyl)thimine 1-methylpyrrolidone top
Crystal data top
C10H12N2O4·C5H9NODx = 1.306 Mg m3
Mr = 323.35Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71069 Å
Orthorhombic, P212121Cell parameters from 30 reflections
a = 7.471 (1) Åθ = 12–26°
b = 13.988 (1) ŵ = 0.10 mm1
c = 15.739 (2) ÅT = 293 K
V = 1644.8 (3) Å3Prism, colourless
Z = 40.65 × 0.50 × 0.35 mm
F(000) = 688
Data collection top
Four circle
diffractometer
Rint = 0.013
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeθmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.0°
Graphite monochromatorh = 91
ω scank = 181
2807 measured reflectionsl = 201
2619 independent reflections2 standard reflections every 98 reflections
1674 reflections with I > 2σ(I) intensity decay: none
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.058H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.155 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0936P)2 + 0.0334P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.00(Δ/σ)max = 0.006
2619 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.26 e Å3
211 parametersΔρmin = 0.41 e Å3
0 restraintsAbsolute structure: The absolute configuration was assumed to agree with the known chirality of D4T (Gurskaya et al., 1991; Harte et al., 1991; Van Roey et al., 1993).
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Crystal data top
C10H12N2O4·C5H9NOV = 1644.8 (3) Å3
Mr = 323.35Z = 4
Orthorhombic, P212121Mo Kα radiation
a = 7.471 (1) ŵ = 0.10 mm1
b = 13.988 (1) ÅT = 293 K
c = 15.739 (2) Å0.65 × 0.50 × 0.35 mm
Data collection top
Four circle
diffractometer
Rint = 0.013
2807 measured reflections2 standard reflections every 98 reflections
2619 independent reflections intensity decay: none
1674 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0580 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.155H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.00Δρmax = 0.26 e Å3
2619 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.41 e Å3
211 parametersAbsolute structure: The absolute configuration was assumed to agree with the known chirality of D4T (Gurskaya et al., 1991; Harte et al., 1991; Van Roey et al., 1993).
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and=

goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is=

not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based=

on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R-=

factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O20.6713 (4)0.62562 (17)0.35710 (16)0.0662 (8)
O40.5578 (6)0.69573 (18)0.08198 (15)0.0821 (10)
N10.6160 (4)0.78208 (18)0.32304 (15)0.0450 (7)
C20.6367 (5)0.6865 (2)0.3035 (2)0.0456 (8)
N30.6179 (4)0.66464 (19)0.21944 (16)0.0507 (7)
H30.63460.60580.20560.061*
C40.5747 (6)0.7267 (2)0.1537 (2)0.0529 (9)
C50.5527 (5)0.8254 (2)0.1790 (2)0.0501 (8)
C60.5731 (5)0.8469 (2)0.2605 (2)0.0487 (8)
H60.55730.91040.27650.058*
C70.5076 (8)0.8973 (3)0.1119 (2)0.0768 (14)
H7A0.60870.90590.07500.092*
H7B0.47810.95720.13820.092*
H7C0.40720.87500.07940.092*
O4'0.4536 (3)0.82655 (15)0.44652 (13)0.0496 (6)
O5'0.2883 (4)0.98244 (16)0.34879 (14)0.0552 (7)
H5'0.24200.93680.32460.066*
C1'0.6276 (5)0.8124 (2)0.4128 (2)0.0484 (8)
H1'0.69110.76390.44610.058*
C2'0.7185 (5)0.9070 (3)0.4222 (2)0.0550 (9)
H2'10.83520.92050.40550.066*
C3'0.6084 (5)0.9679 (3)0.4578 (2)0.0548 (9)
H3'0.63691.03130.46960.066*
C4'0.4338 (5)0.9239 (2)0.47675 (18)0.0460 (8)
H4'0.41790.92240.53850.055*
C5'0.2732 (5)0.9703 (3)0.4379 (2)0.0550 (9)
H5'10.16850.93160.45000.066*
H5'20.25531.03230.46410.066*
O*0.0624 (5)0.8601 (2)0.2759 (2)0.0833 (9)
N1*0.0729 (6)0.7285 (3)0.1920 (2)0.0943 (14)
C2*0.1110 (8)0.6253 (4)0.1979 (4)0.117 (2)
H2*10.22030.60940.16780.141*
H2*20.01330.58810.17430.141*
C3*0.1308 (11)0.6068 (4)0.2916 (5)0.125 (2)
H3*10.03320.56730.31200.150*
H3*20.24290.57440.30310.150*
C4*0.1275 (7)0.7020 (3)0.3341 (3)0.0818 (13)
H4*10.24270.71620.35960.098*
H4*20.03650.70370.37810.098*
C5*0.0848 (6)0.7725 (3)0.2646 (2)0.0679 (12)
C6*0.0401 (10)0.7775 (6)0.1132 (3)0.152 (3)
H6*10.14660.77630.07910.182*
H6*20.00740.84260.12470.182*
H6*30.05550.74640.08330.182*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O20.098 (2)0.0456 (12)0.0553 (14)0.0065 (15)0.0215 (15)0.0077 (11)
O40.146 (3)0.0594 (15)0.0410 (13)0.006 (2)0.0088 (18)0.0052 (11)
N10.0548 (17)0.0415 (13)0.0386 (13)0.0032 (15)0.0050 (14)0.0016 (11)
C20.0478 (19)0.0402 (16)0.0489 (17)0.0002 (17)0.0069 (16)0.0006 (15)
N30.0672 (19)0.0389 (13)0.0462 (15)0.0038 (15)0.0040 (15)0.0009 (11)
C40.068 (3)0.0488 (17)0.0418 (17)0.003 (2)0.0005 (18)0.0010 (15)
C50.063 (2)0.0436 (16)0.0442 (17)0.0033 (19)0.0006 (17)0.0040 (14)
C60.063 (2)0.0390 (16)0.0443 (17)0.0041 (16)0.0044 (17)0.0013 (13)
C70.124 (4)0.057 (2)0.0501 (19)0.008 (3)0.006 (2)0.0125 (18)
O4'0.0623 (15)0.0422 (11)0.0442 (11)0.0028 (12)0.0040 (12)0.0026 (10)
O5'0.0744 (17)0.0463 (12)0.0447 (12)0.0038 (13)0.0079 (12)0.0052 (10)
C1'0.053 (2)0.0511 (18)0.0408 (16)0.0056 (18)0.0054 (16)0.0000 (15)
C2'0.0457 (19)0.066 (2)0.0536 (19)0.0070 (19)0.0018 (17)0.0099 (19)
C3'0.064 (2)0.0538 (19)0.0462 (18)0.010 (2)0.0083 (19)0.0061 (16)
C4'0.062 (2)0.0437 (16)0.0326 (14)0.0018 (18)0.0054 (16)0.0017 (13)
C5'0.062 (2)0.054 (2)0.0485 (19)0.0050 (19)0.0087 (18)0.0013 (16)
O*0.081 (2)0.0755 (19)0.094 (2)0.0141 (18)0.0086 (19)0.0160 (17)
N1*0.085 (3)0.133 (4)0.065 (2)0.036 (3)0.015 (2)0.031 (2)
C2*0.085 (4)0.111 (4)0.156 (6)0.035 (4)0.035 (4)0.082 (4)
C3*0.122 (5)0.099 (4)0.154 (6)0.001 (4)0.031 (5)0.007 (4)
C4*0.067 (3)0.089 (3)0.089 (3)0.011 (3)0.003 (3)0.004 (3)
C5*0.056 (3)0.087 (3)0.060 (2)0.029 (2)0.007 (2)0.017 (2)
C6*0.128 (5)0.270 (9)0.058 (3)0.065 (7)0.005 (3)0.024 (4)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
O2—C21.226 (4)O5'—C5'1.417 (4)
O4—C41.216 (4)C1'—C2'1.495 (5)
N1—C61.377 (4)C2'—C3'1.310 (5)
N1—C21.381 (4)C3'—C4'1.473 (5)
N1—C1'1.478 (4)C4'—C5'1.495 (5)
C2—N31.365 (4)O*—C5*1.249 (5)
N3—C41.389 (4)N1*—C5*1.301 (5)
C4—C51.446 (5)N1*—C6*1.437 (7)
C5—C61.326 (5)N1*—C2*1.475 (7)
C5—C71.497 (5)C2*—C3*1.505 (9)
O4'—C1'1.418 (4)C3*—C4*1.490 (8)
O4'—C4'1.450 (4)C4*—C5*1.507 (6)
C6—N1—C2120.3 (3)N1—C1'—C2'112.1 (3)
C6—N1—C1'120.5 (3)C3'—C2'—C1'109.4 (3)
C2—N1—C1'119.0 (3)C2'—C3'—C4'111.8 (3)
O2—C2—N3122.2 (3)O4'—C4'—C3'103.6 (3)
O2—C2—N1122.9 (3)O4'—C4'—C5'110.8 (3)
N3—C2—N1114.9 (3)C3'—C4'—C5'116.5 (3)
C2—N3—C4127.3 (3)O5'—C5'—C4'113.1 (3)
O4—C4—N3119.6 (3)C5*—N1*—C6*122.9 (5)
O4—C4—C5125.7 (3)C5*—N1*—C2*113.3 (5)
N3—C4—C5114.7 (3)C6*—N1*—C2*123.6 (5)
C6—C5—C4118.0 (3)N1*—C2*—C3*104.4 (4)
C6—C5—C7123.7 (3)C4*—C3*—C2*106.6 (5)
C4—C5—C7118.2 (3)C3*—C4*—C5*105.2 (4)
C5—C6—N1124.7 (3)O*—C5*—N1*125.4 (5)
C1'—O4'—C4'110.3 (3)O*—C5*—C4*124.6 (4)
O4'—C1'—N1110.1 (3)N1*—C5*—C4*110.0 (5)
O4'—C1'—C2'104.9 (3)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
O5—H5···O*0.821.882.663 (4)159
N3—H3···O5i0.862.012.853 (4)166
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y1/2, z+1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC10H12N2O4·C5H9NO
Mr323.35
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, P212121
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)7.471 (1), 13.988 (1), 15.739 (2)
V3)1644.8 (3)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.10
Crystal size (mm)0.65 × 0.50 × 0.35
Data collection
DiffractometerFour circle
diffractometer
Absorption correction
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
2807, 2619, 1674
Rint0.013
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.649
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.058, 0.155, 1.00
No. of reflections2619
No. of parameters211
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.26, 0.41
Absolute structureThe absolute configuration was assumed to agree with the known chirality of D4T (Gurskaya et al., 1991; Harte et al., 1991; Van Roey et al., 1993).

Computer programs: XSCANS (Siemens, 1996), XSCANS, SIR97 (Altomare et al., 1999), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXTL/IRIS (Sheldrick, 1990) and MOLDRAW (Ugliengo et al., 1993), PARST (Nardelli, 1995), PARSTCIF (Nardelli, 1991) and SHELXL97.

 

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