Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270112044770/ln3152sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270112044770/ln3152Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 915090
The title compound was prepared from a suspension of cis-dichlorido[(1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine-κ2N,N']platinum(II) (365 mg, 0.959 mmol) in water (300 ml), which was stirred in the absence of light at 318 K for 70 min. A solution of AgNO3 (326 mg, 1.919 mmol) in water (30 ml) was then added dropwise and the reaction mixture was stirred in the absence of light at 318 K for 1.5 h. Subsequently, the reaction mixture was cooled to 277 K overnight. The AgCl side-product was removed by filtration through an ultrafilter (0.22 mm, Sigma–Aldrich) and a layer of active carbon. A solution of KBr (228 mg, 1.916 mmol) in water (30 ml) was then added at room temperature and the reaction mixture was stirred in the absence of light at 318 K for 75 min. A yellow precipitate formed and the reaction mixture was cooled to 277 K overnight. The yellow product was separated the next day by filtration through an ultrafilter (0.22 mm, Sigma–Aldrich) and rinsed with water (100 ml) (yield 87%, 389.4 mg, 0.83 mmol). Single crystals suitable for crystal structure analysis were obtained from a solution of (I) in water by spontaneous precipitation under slow programmed cooling. The structure was confirmed by liquid chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis, and the purity of the desired substance was verified by high-performance liquid chromatography–UV analysis.
The crystal examined was a twin, with the twinning operation being a rotation of 180° around a*. This twinning resulted in a partial overlap of reflections. To achieve a better separation of reflections, Cu radiation was used instead of Mo radiation. A meticulous absorption correction was applied consisting of: (i) a shape correction; (ii) a multi-scan correction [ABSPACK in CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2010)], which can account for both twin components; and (iii) scaling of frames. Point (iii) led to an almost constant scale and a good Rint value. Various procedures for treating the twin components were tried, consisting of determining the twin matrix and reading independently indexed domains, with the subsequent use of either one domain or both and testing to cull (throw away) reflections belonging to different domains with close θ angles. By means of the θ angle a complete overlap was tested when defined from zero to 0.3°. Moreover, refinement based on a reflection file containing the non-overlapped and overlapped reflections from both twin domains was also tried. In our case, the best results were achieved when ignoring twinning, using one domain (the stronger one) and no culling of reflections. The volume fraction of the stronger domain was 0.925 (6) and that of the weaker was 0.075 (5).
Although from a chemical point of view a centrosymmetric space group (SG) is ruled out because the DACH ligand is enantiomerically pure, the structure of (I) exhibits strong pseudosymmetry, corresponding closely to the SG P21/c. Therefore, another key point from a crystallographic point of view was to test the centre of inversion. For the structure solution in P21/c, the positions of the Br and Pt atoms correspond to this symmetry, while the organic part of the molecule looks disordered. Using this SG, the cyclohexane ring showed an effect that looked like disorder, manifesting itself in large displacement parameters for the C atoms. However, meaningful configurations that would form this disorder, such as two interwoven chairs of the cyclohexane ring, failed to be identified. The conclusion is that P21/c is not the correct SG.
Because the SG Pc has many more systematically extinct reflections than P21, another test was made using Pc. However, here the geometry of the organic part did not make sense either (similar to what happened with P21/c). What we are left with is the SG P21 and in this SG the structure comes out correctly without disorder. Therefore, the model was transformed to subgroup P21 and refined as an inversion twin. The Flack parameter of 0.04 (2) shows that the crystals are enantiomerically pure and have the correct absolute configuration. Finally, the reflections forbidden in P21/c are indeed present. There are 15 observed h0l reflections with l odd with intensities between 5.5 and 3σ(I), and several hundred reflections with I < 3σ(I). The average I/σ(I) for all reflections forbidden in P21/c is just 1.01, but this is quite understandable in a structure with several heavy atoms fitting the P21/c symmetry and a light organic component of the molecule breaking this symmetry.
All H atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model, with C—H = 0.96 Å and N—H = 0.87 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C,N). The anisotropic refinement of atom N1B resulted in the displacement parameters not being positive definite, so this atom was refined isotropically. A similar situation was observed in the structure of cis-[PtI2(DACH)] (Pažout et al., 2011).
Data collection: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2010); cell refinement: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2010); data reduction: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2010); program(s) used to solve structure: SUPERFLIP (Palatinus & Chapuis, 2007); program(s) used to refine structure: JANA2006 (Petříček et al., 2006); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1999) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: JANA2006 (Petříček et al., 2006).
[PtBr2(C6H14N2)] | F(000) = 848 |
Mr = 469.1 | Dx = 2.831 Mg m−3 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54184 Å |
Hall symbol: P 2yb | Cell parameters from 8285 reflections |
a = 11.716 (3) Å | θ = 3.4–66.5° |
b = 7.1266 (14) Å | µ = 31.95 mm−1 |
c = 13.288 (2) Å | T = 120 K |
β = 97.423 (17)° | Needle, yellow |
V = 1100.2 (4) Å3 | 0.63 × 0.07 × 0.03 mm |
Z = 4 |
Oxford MODEL? CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3587 independent reflections |
Radiation source: X-ray tube | 3264 reflections with I > 3σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.047 |
Detector resolution: 10.3784 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 66.5°, θmin = 3.4° |
ω scans | h = −13→13 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2010) | k = −8→8 |
Tmin = 0.173, Tmax = 1.000 | l = −15→13 |
10413 measured reflections |
Refinement on F | H-atom parameters constrained |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | Weighting scheme based on measured s.u.'s w = 1/(σ2(F) + 0.0001F2) |
wR(F2) = 0.040 | (Δ/σ)max = 0.020 |
S = 2.16 | Δρmax = 1.96 e Å−3 |
3587 reflections | Δρmin = −1.92 e Å−3 |
194 parameters | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), with 1484 Friedel pairs |
0 restraints | Absolute structure parameter: 0.04 (2) |
113 constraints |
[PtBr2(C6H14N2)] | V = 1100.2 (4) Å3 |
Mr = 469.1 | Z = 4 |
Monoclinic, P21 | Cu Kα radiation |
a = 11.716 (3) Å | µ = 31.95 mm−1 |
b = 7.1266 (14) Å | T = 120 K |
c = 13.288 (2) Å | 0.63 × 0.07 × 0.03 mm |
β = 97.423 (17)° |
Oxford MODEL? CCD area-detector diffractometer | 3587 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2010) | 3264 reflections with I > 3σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.173, Tmax = 1.000 | Rint = 0.047 |
10413 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.034 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.040 | Δρmax = 1.96 e Å−3 |
S = 2.16 | Δρmin = −1.92 e Å−3 |
3587 reflections | Absolute structure: Flack (1983), with 1484 Friedel pairs |
194 parameters | Absolute structure parameter: 0.04 (2) |
0 restraints |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Pt1A | 0.51201 (5) | 0.477736 | 0.50286 (3) | 0.0196 (4) | |
Pt1B | 0.48887 (5) | 0.52156 (7) | −0.00086 (3) | 0.0170 (3) | |
Br2A | 0.65942 (13) | 0.4859 (3) | 0.38829 (9) | 0.0258 (6) | |
Br2B | 0.34236 (13) | 0.5325 (3) | 0.11445 (9) | 0.0234 (5) | |
Br1A | 0.64835 (13) | 0.4652 (3) | 0.65878 (9) | 0.0278 (6) | |
Br1B | 0.35166 (12) | 0.5141 (3) | −0.15597 (8) | 0.0255 (5) | |
N2A | 0.3874 (9) | 0.476 (2) | 0.3810 (7) | 0.027 (4) | |
N2B | 0.6142 (9) | 0.524 (2) | 0.1205 (6) | 0.023 (3) | |
N1A | 0.3749 (10) | 0.482 (2) | 0.5842 (7) | 0.035 (4) | |
N1B | 0.6229 (8) | 0.5179 (18) | −0.0839 (7) | 0.018 (2)* | |
C2A | 0.2729 (9) | 0.4188 (18) | 0.4180 (7) | 0.024 (3) | |
C2B | 0.7284 (10) | 0.4801 (16) | 0.0846 (8) | 0.024 (3) | |
C3A | 0.1712 (11) | 0.455 (2) | 0.3399 (8) | 0.031 (4) | |
C3B | 0.8317 (12) | 0.533 (2) | 0.1586 (9) | 0.035 (5) | |
C4A | 0.0631 (11) | 0.401 (2) | 0.3854 (9) | 0.043 (5) | |
C4B | 0.9446 (11) | 0.494 (2) | 0.1158 (9) | 0.039 (4) | |
C1A | 0.2679 (10) | 0.5253 (18) | 0.5164 (7) | 0.026 (3) | |
C1B | 0.7311 (9) | 0.5737 (18) | −0.0160 (7) | 0.023 (3) | |
C6A | 0.1585 (12) | 0.469 (2) | 0.5627 (9) | 0.031 (5) | |
C6B | 0.8415 (11) | 0.528 (2) | −0.0631 (8) | 0.028 (4) | |
C5A | 0.0539 (12) | 0.505 (2) | 0.4833 (9) | 0.039 (4) | |
C5B | 0.9471 (11) | 0.588 (2) | 0.0142 (9) | 0.035 (4) | |
H1C2A | 0.269784 | 0.286003 | 0.42935 | 0.0286* | |
H1C2B | 0.733794 | 0.346222 | 0.07859 | 0.0292* | |
H1C3A | 0.177189 | 0.380093 | 0.280878 | 0.0372* | |
H2C3A | 0.168134 | 0.586376 | 0.323017 | 0.0372* | |
H1C3B | 0.830643 | 0.464447 | 0.220603 | 0.0416* | |
H2C3B | 0.827583 | 0.663916 | 0.175138 | 0.0416* | |
H1C4A | −0.003548 | 0.426786 | 0.337389 | 0.0513* | |
H2C4A | 0.063688 | 0.268017 | 0.398031 | 0.0513* | |
H1C4B | 1.00812 | 0.537911 | 0.162809 | 0.0469* | |
H2C4B | 0.954042 | 0.361098 | 0.10856 | 0.0469* | |
H1C1A | 0.263279 | 0.658384 | 0.50548 | 0.0316* | |
H1C1B | 0.733071 | 0.707491 | −0.007465 | 0.0273* | |
H1C6A | 0.162138 | 0.338447 | 0.580001 | 0.0376* | |
H2C6A | 0.152579 | 0.544499 | 0.621739 | 0.0376* | |
H1C6B | 0.841556 | 0.596456 | −0.125156 | 0.0337* | |
H2C6B | 0.845028 | 0.394911 | −0.074973 | 0.0337* | |
H1C5A | −0.014846 | 0.466933 | 0.509948 | 0.047* | |
H2C5A | 0.047039 | 0.637244 | 0.469663 | 0.047* | |
H1C5B | 1.016977 | 0.555688 | −0.012174 | 0.0416* | |
H2C5B | 0.946156 | 0.722108 | 0.02276 | 0.0416* | |
H1N2A | 0.380638 | 0.588364 | 0.354809 | 0.0329* | |
H2N2A | 0.405155 | 0.395434 | 0.336583 | 0.0329* | |
H1N2B | 0.617312 | 0.634497 | 0.148605 | 0.0272* | |
H2N2B | 0.598984 | 0.439573 | 0.16419 | 0.0272* | |
H1N1A | 0.368297 | 0.372691 | 0.612254 | 0.0416* | |
H2N1A | 0.386308 | 0.566565 | 0.631477 | 0.0416* | |
H1N1B | 0.630993 | 0.405267 | −0.10719 | 0.0219* | |
H2N1B | 0.609862 | 0.597402 | −0.133692 | 0.0219* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Pt1A | 0.0232 (4) | 0.0265 (11) | 0.0093 (2) | −0.0015 (3) | 0.0022 (2) | −0.00048 (19) |
Pt1B | 0.0221 (3) | 0.0194 (9) | 0.0094 (2) | 0.0006 (3) | 0.00207 (19) | −0.00016 (18) |
Br2A | 0.0274 (7) | 0.0349 (14) | 0.0163 (5) | −0.0014 (8) | 0.0071 (4) | 0.0008 (6) |
Br2B | 0.0286 (7) | 0.0256 (11) | 0.0166 (5) | −0.0002 (7) | 0.0053 (4) | −0.0017 (6) |
Br1A | 0.0325 (8) | 0.0371 (13) | 0.0129 (5) | −0.0039 (8) | −0.0006 (5) | −0.0004 (6) |
Br1B | 0.0295 (8) | 0.0317 (12) | 0.0144 (5) | 0.0024 (8) | −0.0009 (5) | −0.0011 (6) |
N2A | 0.026 (6) | 0.039 (8) | 0.018 (5) | −0.004 (7) | 0.007 (4) | −0.009 (6) |
N2B | 0.033 (6) | 0.027 (7) | 0.009 (4) | 0.000 (7) | 0.008 (4) | 0.002 (6) |
N1A | 0.034 (6) | 0.061 (9) | 0.011 (4) | 0.001 (5) | 0.010 (3) | −0.006 (4) |
C2A | 0.022 (5) | 0.030 (7) | 0.021 (4) | −0.011 (5) | 0.008 (4) | 0.001 (5) |
C2B | 0.026 (6) | 0.019 (6) | 0.027 (5) | −0.008 (5) | −0.001 (4) | 0.002 (4) |
C3A | 0.024 (7) | 0.051 (10) | 0.017 (5) | −0.003 (8) | 0.000 (4) | 0.006 (7) |
C3B | 0.031 (8) | 0.050 (10) | 0.020 (6) | 0.002 (9) | −0.006 (5) | −0.004 (7) |
C4A | 0.024 (6) | 0.063 (10) | 0.039 (6) | 0.000 (7) | −0.005 (5) | 0.005 (7) |
C4B | 0.019 (6) | 0.061 (10) | 0.037 (6) | 0.009 (7) | 0.001 (4) | 0.006 (6) |
C1A | 0.033 (6) | 0.034 (7) | 0.015 (4) | 0.001 (6) | 0.014 (4) | −0.002 (5) |
C1B | 0.026 (5) | 0.030 (6) | 0.012 (4) | 0.004 (5) | 0.002 (3) | 0.003 (4) |
C6A | 0.029 (8) | 0.034 (9) | 0.032 (6) | −0.010 (8) | 0.011 (5) | −0.006 (7) |
C6B | 0.020 (7) | 0.039 (9) | 0.028 (6) | 0.009 (8) | 0.012 (5) | 0.011 (7) |
C5A | 0.036 (7) | 0.045 (9) | 0.038 (6) | −0.001 (7) | 0.012 (5) | 0.005 (6) |
C5B | 0.031 (6) | 0.039 (8) | 0.032 (6) | 0.004 (7) | −0.001 (4) | −0.004 (5) |
Pt1A—Br2A | 2.4462 (17) | C3A—C4A | 1.52 (2) |
Pt1A—Br1A | 2.4489 (16) | C3A—H1C3A | 0.96 |
Pt1A—N2A | 2.035 (9) | C3A—H2C3A | 0.96 |
Pt1A—N1A | 2.048 (12) | C3B—C4B | 1.53 (2) |
Pt1B—Br2B | 2.4455 (17) | C3B—H1C3B | 0.96 |
Pt1B—Br1B | 2.4453 (16) | C3B—H2C3B | 0.96 |
Pt1B—N2B | 2.036 (9) | C4A—C5A | 1.515 (19) |
Pt1B—N1B | 2.032 (10) | C4A—H1C4A | 0.96 |
N2A—C2A | 1.543 (16) | C4A—H2C4A | 0.96 |
N2A—H1N2A | 0.87 | C4B—C5B | 1.513 (18) |
N2A—H2N2A | 0.87 | C4B—H1C4B | 0.96 |
N2B—C2B | 1.510 (16) | C4B—H2C4B | 0.96 |
N2B—H1N2B | 0.87 | C1A—C6A | 1.545 (19) |
N2B—H2N2B | 0.87 | C1A—H1C1A | 0.96 |
N1A—C1A | 1.479 (15) | C1B—C6B | 1.543 (17) |
N1A—H1N1A | 0.87 | C1B—H1C1B | 0.96 |
N1A—H2N1A | 0.87 | C6A—C5A | 1.532 (18) |
N1B—C1B | 1.511 (14) | C6A—H1C6A | 0.96 |
N1B—H1N1B | 0.87 | C6A—H2C6A | 0.96 |
N1B—H2N1B | 0.87 | C6B—C5B | 1.564 (17) |
C2A—C3A | 1.498 (15) | C6B—H1C6B | 0.96 |
C2A—C1A | 1.519 (15) | C6B—H2C6B | 0.96 |
C2A—H1C2A | 0.96 | C5A—H1C5A | 0.96 |
C2B—C3B | 1.506 (17) | C5A—H2C5A | 0.96 |
C2B—C1B | 1.499 (14) | C5B—H1C5B | 0.96 |
C2B—H1C2B | 0.96 | C5B—H2C5B | 0.96 |
Br2A—Pt1A—Br1A | 95.26 (5) | H1C3A—C3A—H2C3A | 110.9199 |
Br2A—Pt1A—N2A | 89.8 (3) | C2B—C3B—C4B | 111.9 (10) |
Br2A—Pt1A—N1A | 173.1 (3) | C2B—C3B—H1C3B | 109.4713 |
Br1A—Pt1A—N2A | 174.5 (3) | C2B—C3B—H2C3B | 109.4711 |
Br1A—Pt1A—N1A | 91.4 (3) | C4B—C3B—H1C3B | 109.471 |
N2A—Pt1A—N1A | 83.6 (4) | C4B—C3B—H2C3B | 109.4712 |
Br2B—Pt1B—Br1B | 95.20 (5) | H1C3B—C3B—H2C3B | 106.9789 |
Br2B—Pt1B—N2B | 89.8 (3) | C3A—C4A—C5A | 111.7 (12) |
Br2B—Pt1B—N1B | 174.0 (2) | C3A—C4A—H1C4A | 109.4712 |
Br1B—Pt1B—N2B | 175.0 (3) | C3A—C4A—H2C4A | 109.4712 |
Br1B—Pt1B—N1B | 90.7 (2) | C5A—C4A—H1C4A | 109.471 |
N2B—Pt1B—N1B | 84.4 (4) | C5A—C4A—H2C4A | 109.4712 |
Pt1A—N2A—C2A | 108.2 (6) | H1C4A—C4A—H2C4A | 107.1325 |
Pt1A—N2A—H1N2A | 109.4713 | C3B—C4B—C5B | 111.6 (11) |
Pt1A—N2A—H2N2A | 109.4711 | C3B—C4B—H1C4B | 109.471 |
C2A—N2A—H1N2A | 109.4707 | C3B—C4B—H2C4B | 109.4715 |
C2A—N2A—H2N2A | 109.4713 | C5B—C4B—H1C4B | 109.4712 |
H1N2A—N2A—H2N2A | 110.7288 | C5B—C4B—H2C4B | 109.471 |
Pt1B—N2B—C2B | 109.0 (6) | H1C4B—C4B—H2C4B | 107.286 |
Pt1B—N2B—H1N2B | 109.4714 | N1A—C1A—C2A | 107.2 (10) |
Pt1B—N2B—H2N2B | 109.4715 | N1A—C1A—C6A | 112.6 (9) |
C2B—N2B—H1N2B | 109.4708 | N1A—C1A—H1C1A | 109.0466 |
C2B—N2B—H2N2B | 109.4709 | C2A—C1A—C6A | 109.9 (10) |
H1N2B—N2B—H2N2B | 109.947 | C2A—C1A—H1C1A | 111.8188 |
Pt1A—N1A—Br2Ai | 98.4 (5) | C6A—C1A—H1C1A | 106.3324 |
Pt1A—N1A—Br1A | 49.3 (2) | N1B—C1B—C2B | 107.6 (9) |
Pt1A—N1A—Br1Bii | 133.3 (4) | N1B—C1B—C6B | 112.6 (9) |
Pt1A—N1A—C1A | 110.0 (7) | N1B—C1B—H1C1B | 109.7355 |
Pt1A—N1A—H1N1A | 109.4707 | C2B—C1B—C6B | 112.5 (10) |
Pt1A—N1A—H2N1A | 109.4713 | C2B—C1B—H1C1B | 109.8611 |
C1A—N1A—H1N1A | 109.4715 | C6B—C1B—H1C1B | 104.5385 |
C1A—N1A—H2N1A | 109.471 | C1A—C6A—C5A | 108.3 (10) |
H1N1A—N1A—H2N1A | 108.9279 | C1A—C6A—H1C6A | 109.4712 |
Pt1B—N1B—C1B | 108.7 (6) | C1A—C6A—H2C6A | 109.4714 |
Pt1B—N1B—H1N1B | 109.4713 | C5A—C6A—H1C6A | 109.4716 |
Pt1B—N1B—H2N1B | 109.4709 | C5A—C6A—H2C6A | 109.4711 |
C1B—N1B—H1N1B | 109.4715 | H1C6A—C6A—H2C6A | 110.6274 |
C1B—N1B—H2N1B | 109.4713 | C1B—C6B—C5B | 107.9 (10) |
H1N1B—N1B—H2N1B | 110.2475 | C1B—C6B—H1C6B | 109.4713 |
N2A—C2A—C3A | 112.3 (9) | C1B—C6B—H2C6B | 109.4711 |
N2A—C2A—C1A | 105.8 (9) | C5B—C6B—H1C6B | 109.471 |
N2A—C2A—H1C2A | 111.4008 | C5B—C6B—H2C6B | 109.4713 |
C3A—C2A—C1A | 113.2 (10) | H1C6B—C6B—H2C6B | 110.9544 |
C3A—C2A—H1C2A | 103.7331 | C4A—C5A—C6A | 111.7 (12) |
C1A—C2A—H1C2A | 110.5064 | C4A—C5A—H1C5A | 109.4711 |
N2B—C2B—C3B | 114.3 (9) | C4A—C5A—H2C5A | 109.4713 |
N2B—C2B—C1B | 108.2 (9) | C6A—C5A—H1C5A | 109.471 |
N2B—C2B—H1C2B | 107.678 | C6A—C5A—H2C5A | 109.4715 |
C3B—C2B—C1B | 111.2 (10) | H1C5A—C5A—H2C5A | 107.1192 |
C3B—C2B—H1C2B | 104.3521 | C4B—C5B—C6B | 111.0 (11) |
C1B—C2B—H1C2B | 111.0036 | C4B—C5B—H1C5B | 109.4711 |
C2A—C3A—C4A | 108.0 (10) | C4B—C5B—H2C5B | 109.4712 |
C2A—C3A—H1C3A | 109.471 | C6B—C5B—H1C5B | 109.4715 |
C2A—C3A—H2C3A | 109.4712 | C6B—C5B—H2C5B | 109.4709 |
C4A—C3A—H1C3A | 109.4713 | H1C5B—C5B—H2C5B | 107.9139 |
C4A—C3A—H2C3A | 109.4714 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1; (ii) x, y, z+1. |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N2A—H1N2A···Br2B | 0.87 | 3.19 | 3.536 (10) | 107 |
N2A—H2N2A···Br2B | 0.87 | 3.11 | 3.536 (10) | 113 |
N2B—H2N2B···Br2A | 0.87 | 2.99 | 3.539 (9) | 123 |
N1A—H2N1A···Br1Bii | 0.87 | 2.93 | 3.507 (10) | 126 |
N1B—H1N1B···Br1Aiii | 0.87 | 3.17 | 3.491 (9) | 104 |
N1B—H2N1B···Br1Aiii | 0.87 | 3.00 | 3.491 (9) | 118 |
N2A—H1N2A···Br1Aiv | 0.87 | 2.71 | 3.540 (16) | 160 |
N2A—H2N2A···Br1Ai | 0.87 | 3.13 | 3.698 (16) | 125 |
N1A—H1N1A···Br2Ai | 0.87 | 2.78 | 3.581 (17) | 155 |
N1A—H2N1A···Br2Aiv | 0.87 | 3.04 | 3.639 (17) | 128 |
N1B—H1N1B···Br2Bv | 0.87 | 2.68 | 3.512 (13) | 161 |
N1B—H2N1B···Br2Bvi | 0.87 | 3.16 | 3.719 (13) | 125 |
N2B—H1N2B···Br1Bvi | 0.87 | 2.73 | 3.540 (15) | 156 |
N2B—H2N2B···Br1Bv | 0.87 | 3.09 | 3.679 (15) | 127 |
C1A—H1C1A···Br2Aiv | 0.96 | 2.82 | 3.581 (13) | 137 |
C1B—H1C1B···Br2Bvi | 0.96 | 2.80 | 3.585 (12) | 139 |
C2A—H1C2A···Br1Ai | 0.96 | 2.79 | 3.548 (13) | 136 |
C2B—H1C2B···Br1Bv | 0.96 | 2.82 | 3.610 (12) | 141 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1; (ii) x, y, z+1; (iii) x, y, z−1; (iv) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (v) −x+1, y−1/2, −z; (vi) −x+1, y+1/2, −z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | [PtBr2(C6H14N2)] |
Mr | 469.1 |
Crystal system, space group | Monoclinic, P21 |
Temperature (K) | 120 |
a, b, c (Å) | 11.716 (3), 7.1266 (14), 13.288 (2) |
β (°) | 97.423 (17) |
V (Å3) | 1100.2 (4) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Cu Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 31.95 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.63 × 0.07 × 0.03 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Oxford MODEL? CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (CrysAlis PRO; Oxford Diffraction, 2010) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.173, 1.000 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 3σ(I)] reflections | 10413, 3587, 3264 |
Rint | 0.047 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.595 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.034, 0.040, 2.16 |
No. of reflections | 3587 |
No. of parameters | 194 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 1.96, −1.92 |
Absolute structure | Flack (1983), with 1484 Friedel pairs |
Absolute structure parameter | 0.04 (2) |
Computer programs: CrysAlis PRO (Oxford Diffraction, 2010), SUPERFLIP (Palatinus & Chapuis, 2007), JANA2006 (Petříček et al., 2006), ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1999) and Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008).
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N2A—H1N2A···Br2B | 0.87 | 3.19 | 3.536 (10) | 107 |
N2A—H2N2A···Br2B | 0.87 | 3.11 | 3.536 (10) | 113 |
N2B—H2N2B···Br2A | 0.87 | 2.99 | 3.539 (9) | 123 |
N1A—H2N1A···Br1Bi | 0.87 | 2.93 | 3.507 (10) | 126 |
N1B—H1N1B···Br1Aii | 0.87 | 3.17 | 3.491 (9) | 104 |
N1B—H2N1B···Br1Aii | 0.87 | 3.00 | 3.491 (9) | 118 |
N2A—H1N2A···Br1Aiii | 0.87 | 2.71 | 3.540 (16) | 160 |
N2A—H2N2A···Br1Aiv | 0.87 | 3.13 | 3.698 (16) | 125 |
N1A—H1N1A···Br2Aiv | 0.87 | 2.78 | 3.581 (17) | 155 |
N1A—H2N1A···Br2Aiii | 0.87 | 3.04 | 3.639 (17) | 128 |
N1B—H1N1B···Br2Bv | 0.87 | 2.68 | 3.512 (13) | 161 |
N1B—H2N1B···Br2Bvi | 0.87 | 3.16 | 3.719 (13) | 125 |
N2B—H1N2B···Br1Bvi | 0.87 | 2.73 | 3.540 (15) | 156 |
N2B—H2N2B···Br1Bv | 0.87 | 3.09 | 3.679 (15) | 127 |
C1A—H1C1A···Br2Aiii | 0.96 | 2.82 | 3.581 (13) | 137 |
C1B—H1C1B···Br2Bvi | 0.96 | 2.80 | 3.585 (12) | 139 |
C2A—H1C2A···Br1Aiv | 0.96 | 2.79 | 3.548 (13) | 136 |
C2B—H1C2B···Br1Bv | 0.96 | 2.82 | 3.610 (12) | 141 |
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y, z+1; (ii) x, y, z−1; (iii) −x+1, y+1/2, −z+1; (iv) −x+1, y−1/2, −z+1; (v) −x+1, y−1/2, −z; (vi) −x+1, y+1/2, −z. |
Platinum complexes belong to the oldest but still used and studied group of anticancer cytostatics. Some of the novel structures are based on platinum complexes with the trans-configured (1R,2R)-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine (DACH) carrier ligand and various leaving groups. The title compound, cis-[PtBr2(DACH)], (I), belongs to the class of structurally similar complexes, which includes cis-[PtCl2(DACH)], cis-[PtI2(DACH)] and cis-[Pt(NO3)2(DACH)], and it is possible to use it as a precursor not only for the preparation of the currently used cytostatic oxaliplatin (Abu-Surrah & Kettunen, 2006) but also for new cytostatics of the fourth generation which are now being developed, e.g. complex AP5346 (Galanski et al., 2005). The cytostatic effects of (I) have been tested in mice under the code NSC-289559 against leukaemia strain P388 (Noji et al., 1981), but it is not currently in clinical use. Compound (I) is a yellow crystalline substance which is sparingly soluble in water (less than 0.3 g l-1). The crystallographic data of (I) have hitherto not been described, but the structure of its isomeric analogue with the cis-cyclohexane-1,2-diamine ligand, cis-[Pt(cis-DACH)Br2], has been reported previously (Lock & Pilon, 1981).
The single-crystal structure of (I) is composed of discrete molecules in the monoclinic space group P21, with two molecules, A and B, in the asymmetric unit (Fig. 1). The molecule is formed by one cyclohexane ring with a chair conformation, and a five-membered diamine ring involving the central atom Pt and two bromide ligands. Most bond lengths and angles fall within expected ranges [Standard reference?].
The molecules of (I) are approximately planar, with a dihedral angle between the Br2A/Br1A/N2A/N1A plane and the cyclohexane ring plane, C3A/C6A/N2A/N1A, of 4.2 (5)° in molecule A. The corresponding dihedral angle in molecule B is 2.0 (5)°. These angles are very similar to those found in cis-[Pt(NO3)2(DACH)] (Pažout et al., 2010), but quite different to those in cis-[PtBr2(cis-DACH)] and cis-[PtCl2(cis-DACH)], where the corresponding dihedral angles are between 50 and 70° (Lock & Pilon, 1981). The average Pt—N bond length of 2.04 (2) Å is very similar to the same bond in cis-[PtBr2(cis-DACH)] and cis-[PtCl2(cis-DACH)] [2.05 (2) and 2.03 (3) Å, respectively; Lock & Pilon, 1981]. There are no significant differences between the Pt—Br distances of these three structures.
Molecules A and B have very similar geometries and conformations, with an r.m.s fit of the non-H atoms of the two molecules of 0.077 Å. The molecular planes of molecules A and B are essentially coplanar, with the angle between planes C3A/C6A/N1A/N2A and C3B/C6B/N1B/N2B being 1.4 (6)°.
The crystal structure of (I) is held together by hydrogen bonds, all of them having a Br atom as an acceptor. There are two systems of intermolecular interactions. One involves molecules whose molecular planes all lie in the same layer (Fig. 2) and is formed by N—H···Br interactions linking neighbouring molecules into ribbons which run parallel to the c axis. The other is between these layers (Fig. 3) and is formed by N—H···Br and C—H···Br interactions linking layers of ribbons stacked along the b axis. Each stack is formed solely of either molecules A or molecules B. The distance between the layers is exactly half of the unit cell b parameter, i.e. 3.56 Å, which is considerably less than the corresponding separation of 3.74 Å found in cis-[PtI2(DACH)] (Pažout et al., 2011).
The first system is represented by two parallel sequences of hydrogen bonds linking an N atom of the diamine group with the Br atom of a neighbouring molecule, one sequence being Br2B···(H1N2A/H2N2A chelated)—N2A and N1A—H2N1A···Br1Bi, and the other being N2B—H2N2B···Br2A and Br1A···(H1N1Bi/H2N1Bi chelated)—N1Bi, as shown in Fig. 2 (symmetry code given in Table 1). We have concluded that the second H atoms on N1A and N2B do not form hydrogen bonds, since the H···Br distances are too long (3.27 and 3.33 Å, respectively) and the N—H···Br angle is less than 100° (98 and 97°, respectively).
The layers of chains (the second system) are held together by eight N—H···Br hydrogen bonds and four C—H···Br hydrogen bonds, as depicted in Fig. 3. Molecules B are involved in the following four N—H···Br hydrogen bonds: Br2Bvi···H2N1B—N1B, Br1Bvi···H1N2B—N2B, N1Bvi—H1N1Bvi···Br2B, N2Bvi—H2N2Bvi···Br1B, and two C—H···Br hydrogen bonds: Br2Bvi···H1C1B—C1B and C2Bvi—H1C2Bvi···Br1B. The stack of molecules A is held by the following four N—H···Br hydrogen bonds: N1Aiii —H1N1Aiii···Br2A, N2Aiii—H2N2Aiii···Br1A, Br2Aiii···H2N1A—N1A and Br1Aiii···H1N2A—N2A, and two C—H···Br hydrogen bonds: C2Aiii—H1C2Aiii···Br1A and Br2Aiii···H1C1A—C1A. Full details of these hydrogen bonds and the symmetry codes are given in Table 1. Only H···Br distances up to 3.2 Å were considered and included. Similar N—H···Br contacts (N···Br distances 3.550 and 3.474 Å) were observed by Lock & Pilon (1981), who considered the forces within and between the layers to be van der Waals. Adding geometrically positioned H atoms (N—H = 0.96 Å) to their structure, the model for which did not include H atoms, shows that all N—H···Br contacts are hydrogen bonds with H···Br distances between 2.727 and 2.830 Å.
Comparing (I) with the closest structure among the DACH-Pt complexes, cis-[PtI2(DACH)] (Pažout et al., 2011), the arrangement of hydrogen-bonded chains within one layer is the same. Although the unit cells of both structures are monoclinic and their volumes are similar, the iodine complex has a C-centred monoclinic unit cell with Z' = 1, while the bromine complex possesses a primitive unit cell with Z' = 2. The similarity of the two structures was tested in two supergroups. Both structures are very similar and can be described in the supergroup C2/m, where they are isostructural with regard to positions. For this purpose, the P cell had to be transformed. For both structures, fairly good refinement R factors can be obtained. However, for the P cell data (bromine complex, this paper) many reflections with significant intensity are required to be systematically absent under the C-centring and are discarded. Clearly, this structure is not C-centred. On top of that, for the highest symmetry space group C2/m the cyclohexane ring with a chair conformation would have to be planar or disordered, and disorder is not evident in any of the lower symmetry space groups. The structure refinement then produces huge atomic displacement parameters U22. The supergroup C2 was also tested. This comes out as exactly the correct space group for the C-cell data (iodine complex), but for the P-cell data a great number of reflections with significant intensity are discarded as being absent under the lattice-centring condition. The structures can be refined with reasonable R factors but the atomic displacement parameters for the P-cell data are again unacceptable. The conclusion is that, using a rough description, the structures are isostructural, but subtle violations of translational symmetry are evident and the presented solutions are indeed correct, i.e. the space group for the bromine complex is P21 and that for the iodine complex is C2.