research papers
Ga4B2O9, an aluminium-free mullite-type compound, was prepared by a boric-acid flux method and its structure was determined using powder X-ray diffraction techniques, in combination with transmission electron microscopy, solid-state 11B MAS-NMR and IR spectroscopies. GaO6 octahedra share edges in a trans-manner forming one-dimensional chains along the b direction, and the chains are further cross-linked by GaO5, BO3 and BO4 groups into a three-dimensional mullite-type structure. The disorder of the inter-chain groups results in a small unit cell for Ga4B2O9 compared with that for Al4B2O9, an ordered compound with a superstructure. By deconstructing the structure of Ga4B2O9, we were able to identify the fundamental building units and their linking rules which can be used to reconstruct the ordered and disordered structures. For Ga4B2O9, we found that the structure is intrinsically disordered within the ac plane, but ordered along the b axis. The three-dimensional structure can then be constructed by stacking the disordered ac sheets along the b axis (½b) with a ½a shift. The fundamental building units and exclusivity rules identified in this gallium borate mullite may also be useful for understanding other related mullite phases. The structure analysis applying the proposed method is used to recognize the structural features of Al4B2O9 and Al18B4O33.
Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768110000650/kd5038sup1.cif | |
Rietveld powder data file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768110000650/kd5038znvoprofilesup2.rtv | |
Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108768110000650/kd5038sup3.pdf |
Computing details top
(znvoprofile) top
Crystal data top
B2Ga4O9 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 444.50 | F(000) = 824.0 |
Monoclinic, C2/m | Dx = 4.337 Mg m−3 |
a = 15.3658 (2) Å | Cu Kα radiation, λ = 1.540596 Å |
b = 5.72177 (5) Å | T = 293 K |
c = 10.9987 (1) Å | white |
β = 135.2372 (7)° | Specimen preparation: Prepared at 488 K |
V = 680.94 (2) Å3 |
Data collection top
Bruker Advance 8 diffractometer | Data collection mode: transmission |
Radiation source: sealed X-ray tube | Scan method: step |
Ge monochromator | 2θmin = 8°, 2θmax = 119.988°, 2θstep = 0.014° |
Specimen mounting: capillary (0.3 mm) |
Refinement top
Rp = 0.064 | 4 constraints |
Rwp = 0.086 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Rexp = 0.013 | Secondary atom site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
7779 data points | Weighting scheme based on measured s.u.'s 1/[Yi] |
Profile function: Pseudo-Voigt | (Δ/σ)max = 0.01 |
46 parameters | Background function: 6 Legendre polynoms |
0 restraints |
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Ga1 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0 | 0.0095 (1) | |
Ga2 | 0.25 | 0.25 | 0.5 | 0.0095 (1) | |
Ga3 | 0.4797 (2) | 0.5 | 0.3194 (3) | 0.0175 (1) | |
Ga4 | 0.2884 (4) | 0.5 | 0.3085 (6) | 0.0171 (1) | .5 |
Ga5 | 0.1411 (4) | 0.5 | 0.1388 (6) | 0.0171 (1) | .5 |
B1 | 0.215 (2) | 0 | 0.207 (3) | 0.019 (2) | |
B21 | 0.004 (5) | 0.5 | 0.284 (7) | 0.019 (2) | .5 |
B22 | −0.001 (6) | 0.5 | 0.234 (7) | 0.019 (2) | .5 |
O1 | 0.1559 (8) | 0 | 0.450 (1) | 0.0095 (2) | |
O2 | 0.269 (1) | 0.5 | 0.128 (1) | 0.0095 (2) | |
O3 | 0.125 (9) | 0.5 | 0.393 (1) | 0.0095 (2) | |
O4 | 0.2212 (9) | 0 | 0.095 (1) | 0.0095 (2) | |
O5 | 0.4321 (5) | 0.206 (1) | 0.2071 (7) | 0.0095 (2) | |
O6 | 0.2114 (6) | 0.200 (1) | 0.2779 (8) | 0.0095 (2) | |
O7 | 0.454 (2) | 0.5 | 0.454 (3) | 0.013 (1) | .5 |
O8 | 0.008 (2) | 0.5 | −0.094 (3) | 0.013 (1) | .5 |
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
Ga1—O2 | 1.879 (8) | Ga4—O6 | 1.975 (8) |
Ga1—O4 | 2.01 (1) | Ga4—O7 | 1.80 (2) |
Ga1—O5 | 2.008 (5) | Ga5—O2 | 2.05 (2) |
Ga2—O1 | 1.820 (8) | Ga5—O6 | 2.028 (6) |
Ga2—O3 | 1.98 (7) | Ga5—O8 | 1.82 (2) |
Ga2—O6 | 2.08 (1) | B1—O4 | 1.29 (4) |
Ga3—O2 | 2.29 (1) | B1—O6 | 1.40 (2) |
Ga3—O5 | 1.897 (6) | B21—O3 | 1.32 (6) |
Ga3—O7 | 1.78 (4) | B22—O3 | 1.410 (9) |
Ga4—O2 | 1.79 (2) | ||
O2—Ga1—O5 | 84.0 | O5—Ga3—O7 | 109.3 |
O2—Ga1—O4 | 97.4 | O2—Ga4—O6 | 101.6 |
O4—Ga1—O5 | 88.0 | O2—Ga4—O7 | 90.1 |
O1—Ga2—O6 | 91.9 | O6—Ga4—O7 | 116.6 |
O1—Ga2—O3 | 99.4 | O2—Ga5—O6 | 91.4 |
O3—Ga2—O6 | 93.0 | O2—Ga5—O8 | 94.8 |
O2—Ga3—O7 | 76.3 | O6—Ga5—O8 | 121.8 |
O2—Ga3—O5 | 76.2 | O4—B1—O6 | 125.4 |