Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270104006146/jz1609sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270104006146/jz1609Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 241228
Triphenyl(3,4,5-triiodophenyl)methane, (I), was obtained as a by-product in the preparation of the aryl iodide (IV) (Jetti Xue et al., 2000) from the aryl amine (II) by diazotization and iodination (see scheme). While the exact mechanism for iodination at the meta-phenyl positions is not clear, we believe that the initially formed para-iodophenyl compound, (IV), undergoes electrophilic substitution with I2 (formed by the oxidation of KI with NaNO2) during the heating phase of the reaction, to afford the triiodo compound, (I). 4-(Triphenylmethyl)aniline, (II) (3.0 g, 9 mmol), was dissolved in concentrated HCl (9 ml) and H2O (9 ml), and the mixture was cooled in ice. NaNO2 (2.5 g, 36 mmol) was dissolved in H2O (9 ml) and cooled to 273 K. This NaNO2 solution was then added in small portions to the cooled anilinium-HCl solution and shaken well. A solution of KI (5.5 g, 33 mmol) in water (6 ml) was slowly added to the diazonium salt solution. The mixture was allowed to stand for a few hours at room temperature and then heated in a boiling water bath until gas evolution ceased (ca 15 h). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and neutralized with 10% aqueous NaOH. The precipitated solid was filtered and the major compound was characterized as (4-iodophenyl)triphenylmethane, (IV) (m.p. 505 K). The minor component of the reaction product, (I), was separated by column chromatography (m.p. 483 K).
H atoms were included using a riding model, with a fixed C—H distance of 0.94 Å and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C). Please check added text. It was not possible to obtain better quality crystals and thus better R values and a more appropriate weighting scheme. The residual electron density is less than 1 e Å−3 at distances of more than 1 Å from the I-atom positions.
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1997); cell refinement: SMART; data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2000); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Bruker, 2001); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.
C25H17I3 | Z = 4 |
Mr = 698.09 | F(000) = 1304 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 2.076 Mg m−3 |
Hall symbol: -P 1 | Melting point: 483 K |
a = 11.567 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 12.833 (4) Å | Cell parameters from 6227 reflections |
c = 17.572 (6) Å | θ = 2.5–28.2° |
α = 108.031 (6)° | µ = 4.21 mm−1 |
β = 95.774 (6)° | T = 203 K |
γ = 111.805 (6)° | Plate, colourless |
V = 2233.0 (13) Å3 | 0.56 × 0.32 × 0.19 mm |
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer | 10771 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 8116 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.036 |
Detector resolution: 8.192 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 28.4°, θmin = 1.8° |
ω scans | h = −15→15 |
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements) (SADABS; Blessing, 1995) | k = −17→17 |
Tmin = 0.212, Tmax = 0.450 | l = −23→22 |
27474 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.184 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1061P)2 + 8.9076P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
10771 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.001 |
505 parameters | Δρmax = 3.74 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −2.97 e Å−3 |
C25H17I3 | γ = 111.805 (6)° |
Mr = 698.09 | V = 2233.0 (13) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 4 |
a = 11.567 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 12.833 (4) Å | µ = 4.21 mm−1 |
c = 17.572 (6) Å | T = 203 K |
α = 108.031 (6)° | 0.56 × 0.32 × 0.19 mm |
β = 95.774 (6)° |
Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer | 10771 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: empirical (using intensity measurements) (SADABS; Blessing, 1995) | 8116 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.212, Tmax = 0.450 | Rint = 0.036 |
27474 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.059 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.184 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.04 | Δρmax = 3.74 e Å−3 |
10771 reflections | Δρmin = −2.97 e Å−3 |
505 parameters |
Experimental. Omega scan data collection with omega at 0.3 ° scan width, two runs with 740 frames, phi = 0, 270(°) and two runs with 436 frames, phi = 88, 180(°) Bruker SADABS program multi-scan V2.03 (Blessing, 1995) |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
I1 | 0.67441 (4) | 0.65232 (4) | 0.87897 (3) | 0.04441 (15) | |
I2 | 0.81378 (5) | 0.95854 (5) | 0.88622 (4) | 0.04732 (15) | |
I3 | 1.15151 (4) | 1.08391 (4) | 0.88198 (3) | 0.04028 (14) | |
C0 | 1.1517 (5) | 0.6519 (5) | 0.8588 (4) | 0.0245 (11) | |
C1 | 1.0656 (6) | 0.7194 (5) | 0.8657 (4) | 0.0244 (11) | |
C2 | 0.9369 (6) | 0.6707 (5) | 0.8691 (4) | 0.0270 (12) | |
H2A | 0.8977 | 0.5911 | 0.8674 | 0.032* | |
C3 | 0.8666 (6) | 0.7386 (6) | 0.8748 (4) | 0.0292 (12) | |
C4 | 0.9190 (6) | 0.8575 (6) | 0.8771 (4) | 0.0281 (12) | |
C5 | 1.0500 (6) | 0.9061 (5) | 0.8755 (4) | 0.0268 (12) | |
C6 | 1.1191 (6) | 0.8380 (6) | 0.8685 (4) | 0.0274 (12) | |
H6A | 1.2050 | 0.8723 | 0.8656 | 0.033* | |
C7 | 1.1804 (6) | 0.6215 (5) | 0.7724 (4) | 0.0303 (13) | |
C8 | 1.2591 (8) | 0.5631 (7) | 0.7548 (5) | 0.0434 (17) | |
H8A | 1.2994 | 0.5476 | 0.7965 | 0.052* | |
C9 | 1.2793 (10) | 0.5270 (8) | 0.6762 (5) | 0.054 (2) | |
H9A | 1.3316 | 0.4857 | 0.6652 | 0.065* | |
C10 | 1.2253 (11) | 0.5499 (8) | 0.6146 (6) | 0.065 (3) | |
H10A | 1.2425 | 0.5279 | 0.5622 | 0.078* | |
C11 | 1.1445 (9) | 0.6062 (8) | 0.6311 (5) | 0.049 (2) | |
H11A | 1.1047 | 0.6207 | 0.5886 | 0.059* | |
C12 | 1.1204 (7) | 0.6424 (7) | 0.7090 (4) | 0.0405 (16) | |
H12A | 1.0647 | 0.6801 | 0.7188 | 0.049* | |
C13 | 1.0852 (6) | 0.5254 (5) | 0.8656 (4) | 0.0265 (12) | |
C14 | 1.1283 (7) | 0.4952 (6) | 0.9287 (5) | 0.0354 (14) | |
H14A | 1.1980 | 0.5549 | 0.9726 | 0.043* | |
C15 | 1.0706 (7) | 0.3781 (7) | 0.9285 (5) | 0.0388 (16) | |
H15A | 1.1020 | 0.3596 | 0.9716 | 0.047* | |
C16 | 0.9683 (8) | 0.2907 (7) | 0.8654 (5) | 0.0434 (18) | |
H16A | 0.9299 | 0.2116 | 0.8648 | 0.052* | |
C17 | 0.9210 (8) | 0.3184 (6) | 0.8023 (5) | 0.0426 (17) | |
H17A | 0.8491 | 0.2587 | 0.7599 | 0.051* | |
C18 | 0.9803 (7) | 0.4352 (6) | 0.8015 (5) | 0.0366 (14) | |
H18A | 0.9493 | 0.4530 | 0.7578 | 0.044* | |
C19 | 1.2725 (6) | 0.7357 (5) | 0.9294 (4) | 0.0258 (11) | |
C20 | 1.3978 (6) | 0.7806 (6) | 0.9202 (4) | 0.0332 (13) | |
H20A | 1.4125 | 0.7575 | 0.8671 | 0.040* | |
C21 | 1.5015 (7) | 0.8591 (7) | 0.9875 (5) | 0.0422 (16) | |
H21A | 1.5850 | 0.8888 | 0.9796 | 0.051* | |
C22 | 1.4820 (7) | 0.8937 (7) | 1.0669 (5) | 0.0408 (16) | |
H22A | 1.5518 | 0.9455 | 1.1129 | 0.049* | |
C23 | 1.3586 (7) | 0.8504 (6) | 1.0765 (4) | 0.0372 (15) | |
H23A | 1.3445 | 0.8732 | 1.1297 | 0.045* | |
C24 | 1.2552 (6) | 0.7744 (6) | 1.0100 (4) | 0.0319 (13) | |
H24A | 1.1718 | 0.7483 | 1.0184 | 0.038* | |
I1A | 0.75055 (7) | 0.70015 (6) | 0.58410 (4) | 0.06328 (19) | |
I2A | 0.98721 (6) | 1.00433 (7) | 0.67589 (4) | 0.06284 (19) | |
I3A | 0.98113 (5) | 1.21282 (5) | 0.57529 (3) | 0.04652 (15) | |
C0A | 0.5474 (6) | 0.8244 (5) | 0.3487 (4) | 0.0262 (11) | |
C1A | 0.6603 (6) | 0.8738 (6) | 0.4247 (4) | 0.0307 (13) | |
C2A | 0.6681 (7) | 0.7929 (7) | 0.4617 (4) | 0.0355 (14) | |
H2AA | 0.6077 | 0.7114 | 0.4382 | 0.043* | |
C3A | 0.7619 (8) | 0.8303 (7) | 0.5317 (5) | 0.0402 (16) | |
C4A | 0.8541 (7) | 0.9494 (7) | 0.5683 (4) | 0.0398 (16) | |
C5A | 0.8489 (6) | 1.0303 (6) | 0.5304 (4) | 0.0332 (14) | |
C6A | 0.7511 (6) | 0.9909 (6) | 0.4605 (4) | 0.0308 (13) | |
H6AA | 0.7478 | 1.0469 | 0.4372 | 0.037* | |
C7A | 0.5774 (6) | 0.7555 (5) | 0.2706 (4) | 0.0287 (12) | |
C8A | 0.4943 (7) | 0.7194 (6) | 0.1931 (4) | 0.0335 (13) | |
H8AA | 0.4214 | 0.7354 | 0.1899 | 0.040* | |
C9A | 0.5223 (8) | 0.6596 (6) | 0.1217 (5) | 0.0395 (15) | |
H9AA | 0.4655 | 0.6335 | 0.0706 | 0.047* | |
C10A | 0.6269 (8) | 0.6379 (6) | 0.1232 (5) | 0.0410 (17) | |
H10B | 0.6429 | 0.5974 | 0.0738 | 0.049* | |
C11A | 0.7131 (7) | 0.6764 (6) | 0.1997 (5) | 0.0395 (16) | |
H11B | 0.7884 | 0.6641 | 0.2016 | 0.047* | |
C12A | 0.6852 (6) | 0.7324 (6) | 0.2714 (4) | 0.0326 (13) | |
H12B | 0.7408 | 0.7553 | 0.3223 | 0.039* | |
C13A | 0.4292 (6) | 0.7407 (6) | 0.3683 (4) | 0.0286 (12) | |
C14A | 0.3556 (6) | 0.6212 (6) | 0.3182 (4) | 0.0340 (14) | |
H14B | 0.3734 | 0.5895 | 0.2672 | 0.041* | |
C15A | 0.2550 (7) | 0.5455 (7) | 0.3414 (5) | 0.0398 (15) | |
H15B | 0.2074 | 0.4637 | 0.3068 | 0.048* | |
C16A | 0.2259 (7) | 0.5916 (7) | 0.4154 (5) | 0.0427 (17) | |
H16B | 0.1569 | 0.5420 | 0.4307 | 0.051* | |
C17A | 0.2988 (7) | 0.7109 (7) | 0.4664 (5) | 0.0385 (15) | |
H17B | 0.2802 | 0.7422 | 0.5172 | 0.046* | |
C18A | 0.3994 (7) | 0.7853 (6) | 0.4439 (4) | 0.0342 (14) | |
H18B | 0.4482 | 0.8664 | 0.4796 | 0.041* | |
C19A | 0.5257 (6) | 0.9286 (6) | 0.3320 (4) | 0.0281 (12) | |
C20A | 0.4177 (6) | 0.9508 (6) | 0.3421 (4) | 0.0328 (13) | |
H20B | 0.3552 | 0.9032 | 0.3625 | 0.039* | |
C21A | 0.4006 (8) | 1.0433 (7) | 0.3222 (5) | 0.0449 (17) | |
H21B | 0.3261 | 1.0551 | 0.3282 | 0.054* | |
C22A | 0.4904 (8) | 1.1154 (7) | 0.2948 (5) | 0.0451 (17) | |
H22B | 0.4799 | 1.1786 | 0.2832 | 0.054* | |
C23A | 0.5993 (8) | 1.0943 (7) | 0.2838 (5) | 0.0429 (16) | |
H23B | 0.6613 | 1.1427 | 0.2636 | 0.052* | |
C24A | 0.6161 (7) | 1.0035 (6) | 0.3023 (4) | 0.0352 (14) | |
H24B | 0.6902 | 0.9915 | 0.2950 | 0.042* |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
I1 | 0.0332 (2) | 0.0329 (2) | 0.0582 (3) | 0.01097 (19) | 0.0164 (2) | 0.0078 (2) |
I2 | 0.0482 (3) | 0.0437 (3) | 0.0647 (4) | 0.0277 (2) | 0.0202 (2) | 0.0272 (3) |
I3 | 0.0386 (2) | 0.0251 (2) | 0.0555 (3) | 0.01102 (18) | 0.0050 (2) | 0.0182 (2) |
C0 | 0.027 (3) | 0.020 (3) | 0.025 (3) | 0.009 (2) | 0.007 (2) | 0.007 (2) |
C1 | 0.029 (3) | 0.025 (3) | 0.021 (3) | 0.013 (2) | 0.004 (2) | 0.010 (2) |
C2 | 0.031 (3) | 0.021 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.010 (2) | 0.008 (2) | 0.011 (2) |
C3 | 0.031 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.009 (2) | 0.005 (2) | 0.008 (2) |
C4 | 0.030 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.025 (3) | 0.014 (2) | 0.001 (2) | 0.009 (2) |
C5 | 0.034 (3) | 0.019 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.009 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.008 (2) |
C6 | 0.026 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.010 (2) | 0.004 (2) | 0.013 (2) |
C7 | 0.038 (3) | 0.021 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.008 (2) | 0.011 (2) | 0.007 (2) |
C8 | 0.064 (5) | 0.035 (4) | 0.035 (4) | 0.025 (4) | 0.023 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C9 | 0.089 (7) | 0.047 (5) | 0.043 (5) | 0.041 (5) | 0.037 (5) | 0.017 (4) |
C10 | 0.095 (7) | 0.048 (5) | 0.040 (5) | 0.019 (5) | 0.034 (5) | 0.011 (4) |
C11 | 0.061 (5) | 0.051 (5) | 0.025 (3) | 0.011 (4) | 0.009 (3) | 0.016 (3) |
C12 | 0.039 (4) | 0.035 (4) | 0.033 (4) | 0.004 (3) | 0.008 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C13 | 0.031 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.015 (2) | 0.010 (2) | 0.006 (2) |
C14 | 0.045 (4) | 0.036 (4) | 0.040 (4) | 0.025 (3) | 0.019 (3) | 0.020 (3) |
C15 | 0.052 (4) | 0.039 (4) | 0.044 (4) | 0.027 (3) | 0.025 (3) | 0.025 (3) |
C16 | 0.056 (4) | 0.031 (4) | 0.059 (5) | 0.025 (3) | 0.034 (4) | 0.023 (3) |
C17 | 0.047 (4) | 0.025 (3) | 0.051 (4) | 0.013 (3) | 0.015 (3) | 0.011 (3) |
C18 | 0.042 (4) | 0.024 (3) | 0.044 (4) | 0.015 (3) | 0.010 (3) | 0.012 (3) |
C19 | 0.031 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.014 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.008 (2) |
C20 | 0.034 (3) | 0.039 (4) | 0.029 (3) | 0.015 (3) | 0.012 (3) | 0.015 (3) |
C21 | 0.029 (3) | 0.049 (4) | 0.049 (4) | 0.013 (3) | 0.010 (3) | 0.022 (4) |
C22 | 0.038 (3) | 0.038 (4) | 0.038 (4) | 0.014 (3) | −0.007 (3) | 0.010 (3) |
C23 | 0.046 (4) | 0.037 (4) | 0.029 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.003 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C24 | 0.034 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.019 (3) | 0.008 (3) | 0.008 (3) |
I1A | 0.0868 (5) | 0.0682 (4) | 0.0534 (4) | 0.0454 (4) | 0.0150 (3) | 0.0319 (3) |
I2A | 0.0518 (3) | 0.0753 (4) | 0.0500 (3) | 0.0245 (3) | 0.0005 (3) | 0.0157 (3) |
I3A | 0.0349 (2) | 0.0432 (3) | 0.0455 (3) | 0.0141 (2) | −0.00098 (19) | 0.0026 (2) |
C0A | 0.026 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.011 (2) | 0.004 (2) | 0.007 (2) |
C1A | 0.034 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.024 (3) | 0.017 (3) | 0.008 (2) | 0.009 (3) |
C2A | 0.038 (3) | 0.037 (4) | 0.034 (3) | 0.020 (3) | 0.007 (3) | 0.012 (3) |
C3A | 0.051 (4) | 0.049 (4) | 0.033 (4) | 0.031 (4) | 0.012 (3) | 0.019 (3) |
C4A | 0.034 (3) | 0.060 (5) | 0.031 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.007 (3) | 0.012 (3) |
C5A | 0.026 (3) | 0.040 (4) | 0.025 (3) | 0.014 (3) | 0.002 (2) | 0.003 (3) |
C6A | 0.031 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.025 (3) | 0.015 (3) | 0.005 (2) | 0.005 (3) |
C7A | 0.034 (3) | 0.023 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.012 (2) | 0.007 (2) | 0.008 (2) |
C8A | 0.038 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.029 (3) | 0.017 (3) | 0.008 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C9A | 0.051 (4) | 0.030 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.012 (3) | 0.009 (3) | 0.008 (3) |
C10A | 0.063 (5) | 0.030 (3) | 0.036 (4) | 0.023 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.011 (3) |
C11A | 0.048 (4) | 0.030 (3) | 0.049 (4) | 0.022 (3) | 0.026 (3) | 0.014 (3) |
C12A | 0.038 (3) | 0.035 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.022 (3) | 0.013 (3) | 0.015 (3) |
C13A | 0.028 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.012 (2) | 0.006 (2) | 0.010 (2) |
C14A | 0.034 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.028 (3) | 0.011 (3) | 0.006 (3) | 0.008 (3) |
C15A | 0.037 (3) | 0.034 (4) | 0.042 (4) | 0.008 (3) | −0.001 (3) | 0.018 (3) |
C16A | 0.038 (4) | 0.050 (4) | 0.041 (4) | 0.013 (3) | 0.013 (3) | 0.025 (4) |
C17A | 0.039 (3) | 0.048 (4) | 0.034 (4) | 0.020 (3) | 0.012 (3) | 0.018 (3) |
C18A | 0.036 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.013 (3) | 0.009 (3) | 0.009 (3) |
C19A | 0.031 (3) | 0.027 (3) | 0.020 (3) | 0.010 (2) | 0.002 (2) | 0.004 (2) |
C20A | 0.034 (3) | 0.034 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.018 (3) | 0.006 (2) | 0.009 (3) |
C21A | 0.054 (4) | 0.040 (4) | 0.039 (4) | 0.028 (4) | 0.003 (3) | 0.005 (3) |
C22A | 0.061 (5) | 0.033 (4) | 0.039 (4) | 0.023 (4) | 0.006 (3) | 0.008 (3) |
C23A | 0.049 (4) | 0.031 (4) | 0.038 (4) | 0.009 (3) | 0.005 (3) | 0.011 (3) |
C24A | 0.034 (3) | 0.033 (3) | 0.030 (3) | 0.011 (3) | 0.007 (3) | 0.006 (3) |
I1—C3 | 2.104 (6) | I1A—C3A | 2.114 (7) |
I2—C4 | 2.066 (6) | I2A—C4A | 2.055 (7) |
I3—C5 | 2.103 (6) | I3A—C5A | 2.097 (7) |
C0—C19 | 1.536 (9) | C0A—C7A | 1.537 (8) |
C0—C1 | 1.535 (8) | C0A—C13A | 1.541 (8) |
C0—C7 | 1.548 (8) | C0A—C1A | 1.550 (9) |
C0—C13 | 1.567 (8) | C0A—C19A | 1.554 (9) |
C1—C6 | 1.396 (8) | C1A—C6A | 1.366 (9) |
C1—C2 | 1.400 (8) | C1A—C2A | 1.409 (10) |
C2—C3 | 1.385 (9) | C2A—C3A | 1.378 (10) |
C2—H2A | 0.9400 | C2A—H2AA | 0.9400 |
C3—C4 | 1.402 (9) | C3A—C4A | 1.389 (12) |
C4—C5 | 1.416 (9) | C4A—C5A | 1.411 (11) |
C5—C6 | 1.375 (9) | C5A—C6A | 1.399 (9) |
C6—H6A | 0.9400 | C6A—H6AA | 0.9400 |
C7—C8 | 1.380 (10) | C7A—C12A | 1.384 (9) |
C7—C12 | 1.399 (11) | C7A—C8A | 1.416 (9) |
C8—C9 | 1.388 (10) | C8A—C9A | 1.392 (10) |
C8—H8A | 0.9400 | C8A—H8AA | 0.9400 |
C9—C10 | 1.357 (15) | C9A—C10A | 1.338 (11) |
C9—H9A | 0.9400 | C9A—H9AA | 0.9400 |
C10—C11 | 1.381 (15) | C10A—C11A | 1.414 (12) |
C10—H10A | 0.9400 | C10A—H10B | 0.9400 |
C11—C12 | 1.396 (10) | C11A—C12A | 1.378 (9) |
C11—H11A | 0.9400 | C11A—H11B | 0.9400 |
C12—H12A | 0.9400 | C12A—H12B | 0.9400 |
C13—C14 | 1.387 (10) | C13A—C14A | 1.376 (9) |
C13—C18 | 1.398 (10) | C13A—C18A | 1.407 (9) |
C14—C15 | 1.398 (9) | C14A—C15A | 1.402 (10) |
C14—H14A | 0.9400 | C14A—H14B | 0.9400 |
C15—C16 | 1.367 (12) | C15A—C16A | 1.384 (11) |
C15—H15A | 0.9400 | C15A—H15B | 0.9400 |
C16—C17 | 1.386 (12) | C16A—C17A | 1.378 (11) |
C16—H16A | 0.9400 | C16A—H16B | 0.9400 |
C17—C18 | 1.403 (9) | C17A—C18A | 1.387 (10) |
C17—H17A | 0.9400 | C17A—H17B | 0.9400 |
C18—H18A | 0.9400 | C18A—H18B | 0.9400 |
C19—C20 | 1.394 (9) | C19A—C20A | 1.397 (9) |
C19—C24 | 1.409 (9) | C19A—C24A | 1.401 (9) |
C20—C21 | 1.391 (11) | C20A—C21A | 1.410 (10) |
C20—H20A | 0.9400 | C20A—H20B | 0.9400 |
C21—C22 | 1.396 (11) | C21A—C22A | 1.352 (12) |
C21—H21A | 0.9400 | C21A—H21B | 0.9400 |
C22—C23 | 1.376 (11) | C22A—C23A | 1.402 (12) |
C22—H22A | 0.9400 | C22A—H22B | 0.9400 |
C23—C24 | 1.376 (10) | C23A—C24A | 1.376 (11) |
C23—H23A | 0.9400 | C23A—H23B | 0.9400 |
C24—H24A | 0.9400 | C24A—H24B | 0.9400 |
I2A···I3 | 3.5571 (15) | C23ii···I2 | 3.649 (8) |
C10Ai···I3 | 3.574 (8) | ||
C4A—I2A—I3 | 166.2 (2) | C19—C24—H24A | 119.5 |
C5—I3—I2A | 90.95 (17) | C7A—C0A—C13A | 111.6 (5) |
C19—C0—C1 | 105.4 (5) | C7A—C0A—C1A | 110.3 (5) |
C19—C0—C7 | 113.4 (5) | C13A—C0A—C1A | 105.7 (5) |
C1—C0—C7 | 110.7 (5) | C7A—C0A—C19A | 106.0 (5) |
C19—C0—C13 | 110.9 (5) | C13A—C0A—C19A | 111.8 (5) |
C1—C0—C13 | 112.7 (5) | C1A—C0A—C19A | 111.6 (5) |
C7—C0—C13 | 104.0 (5) | C6A—C1A—C2A | 117.1 (6) |
C6—C1—C2 | 117.4 (5) | C6A—C1A—C0A | 125.1 (6) |
C6—C1—C0 | 117.8 (5) | C2A—C1A—C0A | 117.7 (6) |
C2—C1—C0 | 124.8 (5) | C3A—C2A—C1A | 121.6 (7) |
C3—C2—C1 | 120.6 (5) | C3A—C2A—H2AA | 119.2 |
C3—C2—H2A | 119.7 | C1A—C2A—H2AA | 119.2 |
C1—C2—H2A | 119.7 | C2A—C3A—C4A | 121.4 (7) |
C2—C3—C4 | 122.6 (6) | C2A—C3A—I1A | 116.5 (6) |
C2—C3—I1 | 116.0 (4) | C4A—C3A—I1A | 122.0 (5) |
C4—C3—I1 | 121.4 (5) | C3A—C4A—C5A | 117.3 (6) |
C3—C4—C5 | 116.0 (6) | C3A—C4A—I2A | 120.4 (6) |
C3—C4—I2 | 122.3 (5) | C5A—C4A—I2A | 122.2 (6) |
C5—C4—I2 | 121.7 (4) | C6A—C5A—C4A | 120.3 (6) |
C6—C5—C4 | 121.4 (5) | C6A—C5A—I3A | 116.7 (5) |
C6—C5—I3 | 115.5 (4) | C4A—C5A—I3A | 123.0 (5) |
C4—C5—I3 | 123.1 (4) | C1A—C6A—C5A | 122.2 (6) |
C5—C6—C1 | 122.0 (6) | C1A—C6A—H6AA | 118.8 |
C5—C6—H6A | 119.0 | C5A—C6A—H6AA | 118.9 |
C1—C6—H6A | 119.0 | C12A—C7A—C8A | 118.0 (6) |
C8—C7—C12 | 118.6 (6) | C12A—C7A—C0A | 123.5 (6) |
C8—C7—C0 | 119.3 (6) | C8A—C7A—C0A | 118.4 (6) |
C12—C7—C0 | 121.9 (6) | C9A—C8A—C7A | 118.9 (7) |
C7—C8—C9 | 120.7 (8) | C9A—C8A—H8AA | 120.5 |
C7—C8—H8A | 119.7 | C7A—C8A—H8AA | 120.5 |
C9—C8—H8A | 119.6 | C10A—C9A—C8A | 122.5 (7) |
C10—C9—C8 | 121.6 (9) | C10A—C9A—H9AA | 118.8 |
C10—C9—H9A | 119.1 | C8A—C9A—H9AA | 118.7 |
C8—C9—H9A | 119.2 | C9A—C10A—C11A | 119.5 (6) |
C9—C10—C11 | 118.1 (8) | C9A—C10A—H10B | 120.3 |
C9—C10—H10A | 120.9 | C11A—C10A—H10B | 120.3 |
C11—C10—H10A | 120.9 | C12A—C11A—C10A | 119.0 (7) |
C10—C11—C12 | 121.8 (8) | C12A—C11A—H11B | 120.6 |
C10—C11—H11A | 119.1 | C10A—C11A—H11B | 120.5 |
C12—C11—H11A | 119.1 | C11A—C12A—C7A | 122.0 (7) |
C11—C12—C7 | 119.1 (8) | C11A—C12A—H12B | 119.0 |
C11—C12—H12A | 120.5 | C7A—C12A—H12B | 119.0 |
C7—C12—H12A | 120.5 | C14A—C13A—C18A | 117.6 (6) |
C14—C13—C18 | 118.1 (6) | C14A—C13A—C0A | 123.5 (6) |
C14—C13—C0 | 124.2 (6) | C18A—C13A—C0A | 118.7 (6) |
C18—C13—C0 | 117.7 (6) | C13A—C14A—C15A | 121.6 (6) |
C13—C14—C15 | 121.6 (7) | C13A—C14A—H14B | 119.2 |
C13—C14—H14A | 119.2 | C15A—C14A—H14B | 119.2 |
C15—C14—H14A | 119.2 | C16A—C15A—C14A | 119.8 (7) |
C16—C15—C14 | 119.8 (7) | C16A—C15A—H15B | 120.1 |
C16—C15—H15A | 120.1 | C14A—C15A—H15B | 120.1 |
C14—C15—H15A | 120.1 | C17A—C16A—C15A | 119.3 (7) |
C15—C16—C17 | 120.1 (7) | C17A—C16A—H16B | 120.3 |
C15—C16—H16A | 120.0 | C15A—C16A—H16B | 120.3 |
C17—C16—H16A | 120.0 | C16A—C17A—C18A | 120.8 (7) |
C16—C17—C18 | 120.3 (7) | C16A—C17A—H17B | 119.6 |
C16—C17—H17A | 119.9 | C18A—C17A—H17B | 119.6 |
C18—C17—H17A | 119.9 | C17A—C18A—C13A | 120.8 (6) |
C13—C18—C17 | 120.2 (7) | C17A—C18A—H18B | 119.6 |
C13—C18—H18A | 119.9 | C13A—C18A—H18B | 119.6 |
C17—C18—H18A | 119.9 | C20A—C19A—C24A | 116.8 (6) |
C20—C19—C24 | 117.1 (6) | C20A—C19A—C0A | 123.9 (6) |
C20—C19—C0 | 125.4 (5) | C24A—C19A—C0A | 119.3 (6) |
C24—C19—C0 | 117.5 (5) | C19A—C20A—C21A | 121.2 (7) |
C21—C20—C19 | 121.5 (6) | C19A—C20A—H20B | 119.4 |
C21—C20—H20A | 119.2 | C21A—C20A—H20B | 119.4 |
C19—C20—H20A | 119.2 | C22A—C21A—C20A | 120.8 (7) |
C20—C21—C22 | 120.2 (6) | C22A—C21A—H21B | 119.6 |
C20—C21—H21A | 119.9 | C20A—C21A—H21B | 119.6 |
C22—C21—H21A | 119.9 | C21A—C22A—C23A | 119.0 (7) |
C23—C22—C21 | 118.6 (7) | C21A—C22A—H22B | 120.5 |
C23—C22—H22A | 120.7 | C23A—C22A—H22B | 120.5 |
C21—C22—H22A | 120.7 | C24A—C23A—C22A | 120.6 (7) |
C22—C23—C24 | 121.6 (7) | C24A—C23A—H23B | 119.6 |
C22—C23—H23A | 119.2 | C22A—C23A—H23B | 119.7 |
C24—C23—H23A | 119.2 | C23A—C24A—C19A | 121.6 (7) |
C23—C24—C19 | 121.0 (6) | C23A—C24A—H24B | 119.2 |
C23—C24—H24A | 119.5 | C19A—C24A—H24B | 119.1 |
C2—C1—C0—C7 | 109.6 (7) | C2A—C1A—C0A—C7A | −80.5 (8) |
C2—C1—C0—C19 | −127.5 (7) | C2A—C1A—C0A—C19A | 162.0 (6) |
C2—C1—C0—C13 | −6.3 (9) | C2A—C1A—C0A—C13A | 40.3 (8) |
C6—C1—C0—C19 | 52.8 (7) | C6A—C1A—C0A—C19A | −15.9 (10) |
C6—C1—C0—C13 | 174.0 (6) | C6A—C1A—C0A—C13A | −137.6 (7) |
C6—C1—C0—C7 | −70.1 (7) | C6A—C1A—C0A—C7A | 101.6 (8) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y+2, −z+1; (ii) −x+2, −y+2, −z+2. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C25H17I3 |
Mr | 698.09 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 203 |
a, b, c (Å) | 11.567 (4), 12.833 (4), 17.572 (6) |
α, β, γ (°) | 108.031 (6), 95.774 (6), 111.805 (6) |
V (Å3) | 2233.0 (13) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 4.21 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.56 × 0.32 × 0.19 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Empirical (using intensity measurements) (SADABS; Blessing, 1995) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.212, 0.450 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 27474, 10771, 8116 |
Rint | 0.036 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.669 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.059, 0.184, 1.04 |
No. of reflections | 10771 |
No. of parameters | 505 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 3.74, −2.97 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1997), SMART, SAINT (Bruker, 2000), SHELXTL (Bruker, 2001), SHELXTL.
I2A···I3 | 3.5571 (15) | C23ii···I2 | 3.649 (8) |
C10Ai···I3 | 3.574 (8) | ||
C4A—I2A—I3 | 166.2 (2) | C5—I3—I2A | 90.95 (17) |
C2—C1—C0—C7 | 109.6 (7) | C2A—C1A—C0A—C7A | −80.5 (8) |
C2—C1—C0—C19 | −127.5 (7) | C2A—C1A—C0A—C19A | 162.0 (6) |
C2—C1—C0—C13 | −6.3 (9) | C2A—C1A—C0A—C13A | 40.3 (8) |
C6—C1—C0—C19 | 52.8 (7) | C6A—C1A—C0A—C19A | −15.9 (10) |
C6—C1—C0—C13 | 174.0 (6) | C6A—C1A—C0A—C13A | −137.6 (7) |
C6—C1—C0—C7 | −70.1 (7) | C6A—C1A—C0A—C7A | 101.6 (8) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x+2, −y+2, −z+1; (ii) −x+2, −y+2, −z+2. |
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The Cl atom is a well known steering group in crystal engineering (Sarma & Desiraju, 1986). Halogenated derivatives of tetraphenylmethane, tetrakis(4-bromophenyl)methane (Reddy et al., 1996) and tetrakis(4-iodophenyl)methane (Anthony et al., 1998) form diamondoid networks mediated by the halogen tetramer synthon. In the crystal structure of (4-iodophenyl)triphenylmethane, molecules are connected via an I···π interaction (I···phenyl centroid 3.747 Å and 146.6°) to form a zigzag network (Thaimattam et al., 1998). The crystal structure of 3,4,5-triiodotoluene has an I4 tetramer synthon (Liu et al., 1985), in which each I atom interacts with two neighbouring I atoms [I···I distance 3.746 (1) Å, and C—I···I angles 92.1 (3) and 178.1 (3)°]. Such interactions, with C—I···I—C angles close to 90 and 180°, are referred to as type II or L geometry. These dipole-induced halogen-halogen interactions (Bosch & Barnes, 2002; Jetti Thallapally et al., 2000) have been used in crystal engineering. Against this background, we report here the crystal structure of triphenyl(3,4,5-triiodophenyl)methane, (I). \sch
The crystal structure of the title compound involves two molecules of (I), denoted A and B, in the asymmetric unit (Fig. 1). The phenyl rings in molecules A and B adopt different conformations in the crystal when viewed down the Csp3—CI vector (C0—I2, C0A—I2A); see Table 1 for torsion angles.
Inversion-related molecules A are connected via an I2···π interaction (3.641 Å to the midpoint of the C24—C23 bond) to form an A—A dimer. The halogen···π interaction has emerged as a persistent synthon in tri- and tetrahaloaryl inclusion host structures (Jetti et al., 2001; Rahman et al., 2002, 2003).
The I···π A—A dimers in (I) are connected to symmetry-independent molecules B via an I2A···I3 interaction [I2A···I3 3.5571 (15) Å, C4A—I2A···I3 166.21 (20)° and C5—I3···I2A 90.95 (17)°] and an I3···π interaction (3.561 Å to the midpoint of the C10A—C11A bond) (Fig. 2), such that atom I3 acts as both an acceptor and a donor group.
We note that the I···π interaction is shorter to the C—C bond midpoint than to the phenyl ring centroid. Further, the approach geometry is such that the polar δ+ region along the C—X bond points towards the δ- π cloud of the phenyl ring (Jetti et al., 2001). This is identical to the polarization-induced type II halogen···halogen geometry discussed by Bosch & Barnes (2002) and Jetti Thallapally et al., 2000). Thus, I···π and I···I type II interactions exhibit a similar approach geometry because both these interactions are electrostatic in nature.
Inversion-related B molecules in (I) do not have any significant close contacts between them.
We are currently carrying out a statistical study of halogen···π interactions in the Cambridge Structural Database to analyse the approach of the halogen atom to the C—C bond midpoint or the phenyl ring centroid. One brief conclusion is that the heavier halogens (Br or I) prefer the bond-midpoint approach, in agreement with our observations in (I).
The triphenylmethyl groups in (I) engage in intermolecular edge-to-face and vertex-to-face herringbone T motifs (Jetti Xue et al., 2000) through C—H···π interactions in the range 2.78–2.85 Å.