Has charge ordering actually been observed in manganites by resonant X-ray scattering?

The comparison between X-ray resonant scattering experiments and X-ray absorption data shows that no real Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ charge ordering occurs in manganites with Mn³⁺/Mn⁴⁺ = 1 ratio. However, these experiments demonstrate the presence of two different types of manganese atoms with a different local geometrical structure. A structural model, which accounts for both X-ray absorption and resonant scattering experiments, is proposed.