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The title compound, C30H20N6, was synthesized and its molecular structure was precisely characterized by low-temperature single-crystal analysis.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801015768/cv6060sup1.cif
Contains datablocks I, global

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536801015768/cv6060Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 175378

Key indicators

  • Single-crystal X-ray study
  • T = 110 K
  • Mean [sigma](C-C) = 0.003 Å
  • R factor = 0.056
  • wR factor = 0.154
  • Data-to-parameter ratio = 17.1

checkCIF results

No syntax errors found

ADDSYM reports no extra symmetry


Yellow Alert Alert Level C:
REFLT_03 From the CIF: _diffrn_reflns_theta_max 27.89 From the CIF: _reflns_number_total 5553 TEST2: Reflns within _diffrn_reflns_theta_max Count of symmetry unique reflns 5907 Completeness (_total/calc) 94.01% Alert C: < 95% complete PLAT_371 Alert C Long C(sp2)-C(sp1) Bond C(23) - C(35) = 1.44 Ang. PLAT_371 Alert C Long C(sp2)-C(sp1) Bond C(30) - C(33) = 1.45 Ang. PLAT_710 Alert C Delete 1-2-3 or 2-3-4 (CIF) Linear Torsion Angle # 61 C31 -C30 -C33 -N34 -17.00 17.00 1.555 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_710 Alert C Delete 1-2-3 or 2-3-4 (CIF) Linear Torsion Angle # 62 C29 -C30 -C33 -N34 163.00 17.00 1.555 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_710 Alert C Delete 1-2-3 or 2-3-4 (CIF) Linear Torsion Angle # 63 C22 -C23 -C35 -N36 123.00 5.00 1.555 1.555 1.555 1.555 PLAT_710 Alert C Delete 1-2-3 or 2-3-4 (CIF) Linear Torsion Angle # 64 C24 -C23 -C35 -N36 -56.00 5.00 1.555 1.555 1.555 1.555
0 Alert Level A = Potentially serious problem
0 Alert Level B = Potential problem
7 Alert Level C = Please check

Comment top

The title compound, (I), is a 1 + 2 Schiff base ligand of benzil dihydrazone and 4-cyano benzaldehyde. It finds a wide range of applications in coordination chemistry owing to its polydentate chelating potential. The imino as well as the nitrilo N atoms can act as donor sites to this end. This compound can also be useful in the supramolecular assembly of hybrid organic–inorganic coordination polymers of varied dimensionality.

Experimental top

1.19 g (5 mmol) of benzil dihydrazone (prepared by Busch & Bailar, 1956) was dissolved in 100 ml of anhydrous methanol. 1.31 g (10 mmol) of solid 4-cyanobenzaldehyde was added to, and dissolved in, this solution with warming. Then, the yellow reaction mixture was refluxed for 8 h, while maintaining dry conditions. The solvent was evaporated to obtain the yellow product. Single crystals suitable for X-ray analysis were obtained by slow evaporation of a dilute acetonitrile solution of this compound. Yield 1.75 g (75%). The product was characterized by elemental analyses and 1H NMR spectra. Analysis found (calculated): C 77.68 (77.56%), H 4.33 (4.34%), N 18.07 (18.10%). 1H NMR (200 MHz, CDCl3, TMS): δ 8.46 (s, 2H), 7.89 (d, J = 8 Hz, 4H), 7.67–7.55 (m, 10H), 7.46 (d, J = 8 Hz, 4H).

Computing details top

Data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1999); cell refinement: DENZO (Otwinowski, 1985); data reduction: DENZO (Otwinowski, 1985); program(s) used to solve structure: SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: ORTEPIII (Burnett & Johnson, 1996); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the title compound. The shown ellipsoids represent displacement parameters at the 50% probability level at 110 K. Geometric parameters of the central part of this molecule include N—N bond lengths of 1.413 (2) and 1.415 (2) Å, N—Csp2 bond lengths of 1.275 (2) and 1.277 (2) Å, N—Csp3 bond lengths of 1.285 (2) and 1.289 (2) Å, and an N1—C5—C6—N3 torsion angle of 102.3 (2)°.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. Crystal packing viewed approximately down the a axis (b is horizontal and c is vertical). The contents of two unit cells are shown. The N atoms are indicated by crossed circles. The crystal structure appears to be stabilized by π-stacking between the aryl groups, as well as by dipolar attractions between C—N dipoles of neighboring molecules displaced along c which are arranged in an antiparallel manner with respect to one another.
N,N'-bis(4-cyanopyridylidene)benzil dihydrazone top
Crystal data top
C30H20N6F(000) = 484
Mr = 464.52Dx = 1.252 Mg m3
Triclinic, P1Melting point: 169-171 deg. C K
a = 9.4430 (3) ÅMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71070 Å
b = 10.1390 (3) ÅCell parameters from 2889 reflections
c = 14.1380 (7) Åθ = 2.4–27.9°
α = 96.023 (1)°µ = 0.08 mm1
β = 95.676 (1)°T = 110 K
γ = 112.223 (2)°Prisms, yellow
V = 1231.94 (8) Å30.20 × 0.10 × 0.10 mm
Z = 2
Data collection top
Nonius KappaCCD
diffractometer
2889 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tubeRint = 0.054
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 27.9°, θmin = 2.4°
Detector resolution: 56 microns pixels mm-1h = 012
1.0° ϕ and ω scansk = 1312
8099 measured reflectionsl = 1818
5553 independent reflections
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.056Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.154H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.97 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0728P)2]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
5553 reflections(Δ/σ)max = 0.016
325 parametersΔρmax = 0.25 e Å3
0 restraintsΔρmin = 0.27 e Å3
Crystal data top
C30H20N6γ = 112.223 (2)°
Mr = 464.52V = 1231.94 (8) Å3
Triclinic, P1Z = 2
a = 9.4430 (3) ÅMo Kα radiation
b = 10.1390 (3) ŵ = 0.08 mm1
c = 14.1380 (7) ÅT = 110 K
α = 96.023 (1)°0.20 × 0.10 × 0.10 mm
β = 95.676 (1)°
Data collection top
Nonius KappaCCD
diffractometer
2889 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
8099 measured reflectionsRint = 0.054
5553 independent reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0560 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.154H-atom parameters constrained
S = 0.97Δρmax = 0.25 e Å3
5553 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.27 e Å3
325 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes)

are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based

on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of

F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
N10.09241 (18)0.47137 (17)0.63095 (12)0.0288 (4)
N20.01691 (19)0.43526 (18)0.71168 (12)0.0298 (4)
N30.07703 (19)0.11081 (17)0.58358 (12)0.0271 (4)
N40.15687 (18)0.14367 (17)0.50544 (12)0.0269 (4)
C50.1066 (2)0.3614 (2)0.58560 (14)0.0242 (5)
C60.0502 (2)0.2172 (2)0.62100 (14)0.0240 (5)
C70.1892 (2)0.3774 (2)0.50120 (14)0.0226 (5)
C80.1888 (2)0.2568 (2)0.44502 (15)0.0292 (5)
H80.13010.16340.45870.035*
C90.2728 (2)0.2707 (2)0.36933 (16)0.0311 (5)
H90.27220.18710.33180.037*
C100.3573 (2)0.4049 (2)0.34783 (16)0.0337 (5)
H100.41570.41450.29610.040*
C110.3560 (3)0.5254 (2)0.40260 (18)0.0446 (7)
H110.41340.61850.38800.054*
C120.2720 (3)0.5124 (2)0.47846 (17)0.0405 (6)
H120.27110.59620.51500.049*
C130.1474 (2)0.1960 (2)0.70246 (15)0.0254 (5)
C140.0837 (3)0.0877 (2)0.75691 (16)0.0382 (6)
H140.02270.02590.74150.046*
C150.1745 (3)0.0692 (3)0.83375 (18)0.0444 (6)
H150.12960.00260.87230.053*
C160.3304 (3)0.1560 (2)0.85367 (16)0.0379 (6)
H160.39350.14170.90490.045*
C170.3947 (2)0.2628 (2)0.79995 (16)0.0360 (6)
H170.50200.32230.81400.043*
C180.3022 (2)0.2839 (2)0.72465 (15)0.0301 (5)
H180.34630.35930.68850.036*
C190.0138 (2)0.5368 (2)0.75344 (15)0.0285 (5)
H190.01370.62580.72930.034*
C200.0916 (2)0.5163 (2)0.83859 (14)0.0259 (5)
C210.1419 (2)0.6203 (2)0.87742 (15)0.0295 (5)
H210.11970.70700.85100.035*
C220.2241 (2)0.5979 (2)0.95421 (15)0.0313 (5)
H220.25790.66910.98060.038*
C230.2567 (2)0.4706 (2)0.99243 (14)0.0272 (5)
C240.2006 (2)0.3686 (2)0.95672 (15)0.0289 (5)
H240.21970.28340.98460.035*
C250.1178 (2)0.3924 (2)0.88112 (14)0.0271 (5)
H250.07820.32410.85760.033*
C260.2816 (2)0.0356 (2)0.46978 (15)0.0265 (5)
H260.30900.04960.49840.032*
C270.3827 (2)0.0396 (2)0.38662 (14)0.0248 (5)
C280.3379 (2)0.1524 (2)0.33256 (15)0.0312 (5)
H280.23990.23010.35050.037*
C290.4363 (3)0.1508 (2)0.25305 (16)0.0359 (6)
H290.40540.22690.21590.043*
C300.5817 (2)0.0368 (2)0.22710 (15)0.0337 (5)
C310.6283 (2)0.0735 (2)0.28182 (16)0.0325 (5)
H310.72790.14940.26550.039*
C320.5281 (2)0.0715 (2)0.36037 (15)0.0298 (5)
H320.55920.14780.39740.036*
C330.6840 (3)0.0351 (3)0.14348 (19)0.0470 (6)
N340.7661 (3)0.0318 (3)0.07733 (17)0.0693 (7)
C350.3506 (2)0.4399 (2)1.06825 (16)0.0318 (5)
N360.4290 (2)0.4109 (2)1.12648 (14)0.0428 (5)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
N10.0291 (10)0.0251 (9)0.0314 (11)0.0090 (8)0.0099 (8)0.0028 (8)
N20.0293 (10)0.0306 (10)0.0306 (11)0.0125 (9)0.0090 (8)0.0024 (8)
N30.0260 (9)0.0250 (9)0.0282 (10)0.0083 (9)0.0028 (8)0.0035 (8)
N40.0243 (9)0.0262 (10)0.0293 (10)0.0092 (9)0.0032 (8)0.0047 (8)
C50.0205 (10)0.0190 (10)0.0301 (12)0.0056 (9)0.0030 (9)0.0004 (9)
C60.0259 (11)0.0217 (11)0.0248 (12)0.0099 (10)0.0073 (9)0.0008 (9)
C70.0228 (10)0.0215 (10)0.0240 (11)0.0085 (9)0.0047 (9)0.0052 (9)
C80.0288 (12)0.0216 (11)0.0365 (13)0.0080 (10)0.0092 (10)0.0049 (10)
C90.0324 (12)0.0262 (11)0.0337 (13)0.0110 (10)0.0080 (10)0.0004 (10)
C100.0362 (13)0.0341 (13)0.0358 (14)0.0155 (11)0.0161 (11)0.0102 (11)
C110.0577 (16)0.0259 (12)0.0565 (17)0.0148 (12)0.0335 (14)0.0158 (11)
C120.0522 (15)0.0229 (12)0.0489 (16)0.0131 (12)0.0260 (13)0.0059 (11)
C130.0259 (11)0.0235 (11)0.0270 (12)0.0102 (10)0.0061 (9)0.0002 (9)
C140.0343 (13)0.0350 (13)0.0390 (15)0.0065 (11)0.0002 (11)0.0112 (11)
C150.0527 (16)0.0383 (14)0.0413 (15)0.0154 (13)0.0031 (13)0.0152 (12)
C160.0434 (14)0.0437 (14)0.0282 (13)0.0229 (13)0.0032 (11)0.0014 (11)
C170.0275 (12)0.0415 (13)0.0336 (14)0.0117 (11)0.0021 (11)0.0037 (11)
C180.0281 (12)0.0312 (12)0.0284 (13)0.0091 (10)0.0041 (10)0.0033 (10)
C190.0244 (11)0.0244 (11)0.0354 (13)0.0092 (10)0.0045 (10)0.0006 (10)
C200.0219 (11)0.0282 (11)0.0245 (12)0.0085 (10)0.0010 (9)0.0015 (9)
C210.0308 (12)0.0289 (11)0.0312 (13)0.0142 (10)0.0057 (10)0.0042 (10)
C220.0320 (12)0.0339 (12)0.0313 (13)0.0183 (11)0.0045 (10)0.0007 (10)
C230.0241 (11)0.0314 (12)0.0234 (12)0.0097 (10)0.0002 (9)0.0000 (9)
C240.0272 (11)0.0288 (11)0.0280 (13)0.0099 (10)0.0013 (10)0.0016 (10)
C250.0246 (11)0.0268 (11)0.0282 (13)0.0112 (10)0.0009 (10)0.0034 (9)
C260.0283 (12)0.0212 (11)0.0291 (12)0.0077 (10)0.0056 (10)0.0065 (9)
C270.0230 (11)0.0219 (11)0.0283 (12)0.0084 (10)0.0048 (9)0.0001 (9)
C280.0299 (12)0.0302 (12)0.0317 (13)0.0100 (10)0.0050 (10)0.0037 (10)
C290.0427 (14)0.0360 (13)0.0344 (14)0.0185 (12)0.0127 (12)0.0106 (11)
C300.0362 (13)0.0407 (14)0.0288 (13)0.0216 (12)0.0034 (11)0.0013 (11)
C310.0278 (12)0.0304 (12)0.0363 (14)0.0107 (10)0.0038 (10)0.0033 (10)
C320.0323 (12)0.0233 (11)0.0319 (13)0.0102 (10)0.0026 (10)0.0014 (9)
C330.0445 (15)0.0578 (17)0.0410 (16)0.0232 (14)0.0038 (13)0.0081 (13)
N340.0575 (15)0.096 (2)0.0496 (16)0.0264 (15)0.0070 (13)0.0201 (14)
C350.0319 (12)0.0310 (12)0.0315 (14)0.0128 (11)0.0012 (11)0.0021 (10)
N360.0489 (13)0.0456 (12)0.0425 (13)0.0243 (11)0.0144 (11)0.0149 (10)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
N1—C51.285 (2)C18—H180.9500
N1—N21.413 (2)C19—C201.464 (3)
N2—C191.275 (2)C19—H190.9500
N3—C61.289 (2)C20—C211.396 (3)
N3—N41.415 (2)C20—C251.398 (3)
N4—C261.277 (2)C21—C221.385 (3)
C5—C71.479 (3)C21—H210.9500
C5—C61.514 (3)C22—C231.390 (3)
C6—C131.485 (3)C22—H220.9500
C7—C81.385 (3)C23—C241.401 (3)
C7—C121.386 (3)C23—C351.443 (3)
C8—C91.382 (3)C24—C251.374 (3)
C8—H80.9500C24—H240.9500
C9—C101.376 (3)C25—H250.9500
C9—H90.9500C26—C271.454 (3)
C10—C111.381 (3)C26—H260.9500
C10—H100.9500C27—C321.390 (3)
C11—C121.384 (3)C27—C281.397 (3)
C11—H110.9500C28—C291.380 (3)
C12—H120.9500C28—H280.9500
C13—C181.376 (3)C29—C301.402 (3)
C13—C141.389 (3)C29—H290.9500
C14—C151.389 (3)C30—C311.385 (3)
C14—H140.9500C30—C331.445 (3)
C15—C161.381 (3)C31—C321.379 (3)
C15—H150.9500C31—H310.9500
C16—C171.373 (3)C32—H320.9500
C16—H160.9500C33—N341.143 (3)
C17—C181.395 (3)C35—N361.149 (3)
C17—H170.9500
C5—N1—N2111.07 (16)C17—C18—H18119.8
C19—N2—N1113.39 (17)N2—C19—C20119.97 (19)
C6—N3—N4112.50 (16)N2—C19—H19120.0
C26—N4—N3110.75 (16)C20—C19—H19120.0
N1—C5—C7119.85 (18)C21—C20—C25119.34 (19)
N1—C5—C6121.20 (18)C21—C20—C19119.96 (19)
C7—C5—C6118.80 (16)C25—C20—C19120.70 (17)
N3—C6—C13118.08 (17)C22—C21—C20120.49 (19)
N3—C6—C5123.53 (18)C22—C21—H21119.8
C13—C6—C5118.39 (17)C20—C21—H21119.8
C8—C7—C12118.78 (18)C21—C22—C23119.48 (18)
C8—C7—C5120.13 (17)C21—C22—H22120.3
C12—C7—C5121.06 (17)C23—C22—H22120.3
C9—C8—C7120.69 (19)C22—C23—C24120.36 (19)
C9—C8—H8119.7C22—C23—C35120.82 (18)
C7—C8—H8119.7C24—C23—C35118.82 (19)
C10—C9—C8120.54 (19)C25—C24—C23119.71 (19)
C10—C9—H9119.7C25—C24—H24120.1
C8—C9—H9119.7C23—C24—H24120.1
C9—C10—C11119.0 (2)C24—C25—C20120.47 (18)
C9—C10—H10120.5C24—C25—H25119.8
C11—C10—H10120.5C20—C25—H25119.8
C10—C11—C12120.9 (2)N4—C26—C27121.78 (18)
C10—C11—H11119.6N4—C26—H26119.1
C12—C11—H11119.6C27—C26—H26119.1
C11—C12—C7120.12 (19)C32—C27—C28119.12 (19)
C11—C12—H12119.9C32—C27—C26119.13 (19)
C7—C12—H12119.9C28—C27—C26121.75 (18)
C18—C13—C14119.27 (19)C29—C28—C27119.9 (2)
C18—C13—C6120.12 (18)C29—C28—H28120.0
C14—C13—C6120.61 (18)C27—C28—H28120.0
C15—C14—C13120.5 (2)C28—C29—C30120.1 (2)
C15—C14—H14119.7C28—C29—H29120.0
C13—C14—H14119.7C30—C29—H29120.0
C16—C15—C14119.5 (2)C31—C30—C29120.3 (2)
C16—C15—H15120.2C31—C30—C33119.8 (2)
C14—C15—H15120.2C29—C30—C33119.9 (2)
C17—C16—C15120.4 (2)C32—C31—C30119.1 (2)
C17—C16—H16119.8C32—C31—H31120.5
C15—C16—H16119.8C30—C31—H31120.5
C16—C17—C18119.9 (2)C31—C32—C27121.5 (2)
C16—C17—H17120.1C31—C32—H32119.2
C18—C17—H17120.1C27—C32—H32119.2
C13—C18—C17120.4 (2)N34—C33—C30179.1 (3)
C13—C18—H18119.8N36—C35—C23177.5 (2)
C5—N1—N2—C19173.34 (17)C6—C13—C18—C17178.80 (18)
C6—N3—N4—C26179.53 (15)C16—C17—C18—C131.5 (3)
N2—N1—C5—C7177.13 (15)N1—N2—C19—C20179.76 (16)
N2—N1—C5—C61.5 (3)N2—C19—C20—C21172.29 (19)
N4—N3—C6—C13178.65 (15)N2—C19—C20—C256.9 (3)
N4—N3—C6—C50.6 (2)C25—C20—C21—C223.3 (3)
N1—C5—C6—N3102.3 (2)C19—C20—C21—C22175.93 (18)
C7—C5—C6—N382.1 (2)C20—C21—C22—C230.2 (3)
N1—C5—C6—C1378.5 (2)C21—C22—C23—C243.1 (3)
C7—C5—C6—C1397.1 (2)C21—C22—C23—C35175.92 (19)
N1—C5—C7—C8172.13 (18)C22—C23—C24—C252.4 (3)
C6—C5—C7—C812.2 (3)C35—C23—C24—C25176.58 (17)
N1—C5—C7—C129.9 (3)C23—C24—C25—C201.1 (3)
C6—C5—C7—C12165.83 (19)C21—C20—C25—C243.9 (3)
C12—C7—C8—C91.8 (3)C19—C20—C25—C24175.28 (17)
C5—C7—C8—C9176.26 (18)N3—N4—C26—C27178.03 (16)
C7—C8—C9—C100.6 (3)N4—C26—C27—C32169.81 (16)
C8—C9—C10—C110.5 (3)N4—C26—C27—C2810.0 (3)
C9—C10—C11—C120.4 (3)C32—C27—C28—C291.4 (3)
C10—C11—C12—C70.8 (4)C26—C27—C28—C29178.80 (18)
C8—C7—C12—C111.9 (3)C27—C28—C29—C300.7 (3)
C5—C7—C12—C11176.2 (2)C28—C29—C30—C310.9 (3)
N3—C6—C13—C18159.06 (18)C28—C29—C30—C33179.67 (19)
C5—C6—C13—C1820.2 (3)C29—C30—C31—C321.8 (3)
N3—C6—C13—C1420.8 (3)C33—C30—C31—C32178.83 (19)
C5—C6—C13—C14159.90 (18)C30—C31—C32—C271.0 (3)
C18—C13—C14—C150.8 (3)C28—C27—C32—C310.6 (3)
C6—C13—C14—C15179.27 (19)C26—C27—C32—C31179.63 (18)
C13—C14—C15—C162.4 (3)C31—C30—C33—N3417 (17)
C14—C15—C16—C172.0 (3)C29—C30—C33—N34163 (17)
C15—C16—C17—C180.1 (3)C22—C23—C35—N36123 (5)
C14—C13—C18—C171.1 (3)C24—C23—C35—N3656 (5)

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC30H20N6
Mr464.52
Crystal system, space groupTriclinic, P1
Temperature (K)110
a, b, c (Å)9.4430 (3), 10.1390 (3), 14.1380 (7)
α, β, γ (°)96.023 (1), 95.676 (1), 112.223 (2)
V3)1231.94 (8)
Z2
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.08
Crystal size (mm)0.20 × 0.10 × 0.10
Data collection
DiffractometerNonius KappaCCD
diffractometer
Absorption correction
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
8099, 5553, 2889
Rint0.054
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.658
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.056, 0.154, 0.97
No. of reflections5553
No. of parameters325
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.25, 0.27

Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1999), DENZO (Otwinowski, 1985), SIR92 (Altomare et al., 1994), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), ORTEPIII (Burnett & Johnson, 1996), SHELXL97.

 

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