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The crystal packing and inter­action energy of benzyl car­bam­ate, C8H9NO2, have been analysed in detail by the PIXEL method. Benzyl carbamate forms layers of hydrogen-bonded mol­ecules, with the layers connected by weaker C-H...[pi] inter­actions. According to the PIXEL analysis, combinations of C-H...X (X = O, N or [pi]) inter­actions are comparable in energy with hydrogen bonding. These inter­actions are necessary for explaining the geometry and the assembly of the layers.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270112003186/uk3041sup1.cif
Contains datablocks global, I

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270112003186/uk3041Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 873891

Comment top

The carbamate group is known in biochemistry for its role in biological processes. For example, it tunes haemoglobin affinity for O2 during physiological respiration (O'Donnell et al., 1979). Carbamate derivatives present significant pharmacological activity, in some cases exhibiting potential as anticancer drugs (Bubert et al., 2007). In the solid state, the carbamate group acts as both donor and acceptor in hydrogen bonding, favouring the formation of highly stable synthons. Thus, the carbamate group has been proposed in crystal engineering as a building block for hydrogen-bonded solids (Gosh et al., 2006).

Most carbamate compounds of interest are phenyl derivatives. In the known polymorphs of one such compound, phenyl carbamate, the molecular environment is very similar around the carbamate group but very different around the phenyl ring (Wishkerman & Bernstein, 2008). In this case, polymorphism apparently arises from a different assembly of the same supramolecular synthons, suggesting that weaker interactions, such as those involving the phenyl ring, can play an important role in directing this assembly. Thus, the final molecular packing comes from the interplay of a few strong hydrogen bonds around the carbamate group with a number of weaker interactions, most of them involving the phenyl ring. In order to obtain insight into the interplay of the carbamate group and the phenyl ring in the molecular packing, the related compound, benzyl carbamate, (I), has been crystallized, and the crystal structure analysed in detail using the PIXEL method (Gavezzotti, 2011).

Benzyl carbamate crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric group Pbc21, presenting two independent molecules in the asymmetric unit, A and B, related by local symmetry centres (Fig. 1). The geometric parameters for molecules A and B are equal within three times the s.u. values. Two independent local symmetry centres are observed, situated at (0.240, 0.106, 0.252) and (0.740, 0.106, 0.252), as calculated from the average of non-H-atom pairs. The formation of a local symmetry centre close to x = 1/4, y = 1/8 is a common feature in this space group (Marsh et al., 1998). Crystal packing in (I) takes the form of layers perpendicular to the c axis, with the molecules inside each layer connected by strong N—H···O hydrogen bonds and neighbouring layers connected by weak C—H···π contacts. Each layer consists of two sublayers formed exclusively of molecules A or molecules B. Interlayer contacts involve one A and one B sublayer (Fig. 2).

The PIXEL method allows the calculation of the intermolecular interaction energy (Ei) inside the crystal structure from the electron density of isolated molecules with the crystal geometry, which is previously calculated from ab initio methods. PIXEL provides interaction energies (Ei) for pairs of molecules inside the crystal structure that take into account the polarization energy induced in the molecules by the crystal environment.

According to the calculated values of Ei, the eight lowest interaction energies correspond to pairs of molecules in the same layer, while the next three correspond to molecules in neighbouring layers. The rest of the calculated Ei values range from -2.5 to 2.0 kJ mol-1 and are for pairs of molecules involving two molecules that are not first neighbours in the crystal structure. As the 11 lowest Ei values account for 93% of the lattice energy, only the corresponding pairs of molecules will be considered in the following analysis. In Table 1, pairs of molecules are labelled in order of increasing Ei and identified by the most prominent intermolecular interaction, which does not mean that Ei is the energy of this particular interaction. Thus, when Ei is associated with, for example, a hydrogen bond, it should be understood as the interaction energy of the molecules connected by this hydrogen bond, and not the energy of the hydrogen bond alone. The geometry of the intermolecular interactions in Table 1 is given in Table 2.

In order to obtain an estimate of the effect of the crystal environment on the intermolecular interactions, Ei was also calculated for 11 isolated pairs of molecules with the same geometry as in the crystal structure. Ei is systematically 2–7% lower for pairs of molecules in the crystal structure, i.e. the crystal environment strengthens the intermolecular interactions, although its influence is small. According to this result, the crystal stability of benzyl carbamate arises from the interaction of each molecule with its primary neighbours, with little influence from the surrounding molecules.

The three lowest Ei values are for molecules connected by N—H···O hydrogen bonds, while the rest are associated with C—H···X (X = O, N or π). The qualitatively different character of these two kinds of interaction is revealed by the energy decomposition analysis provided by PIXEL. Thus, in strong hydrogen bonds, the most important contribution to Ei is the electrostatic energy, which is a good estimator of Ei because the sum of the other contributions (dispersion, polarization and repulsion) approximately cancels, as observed in other energy decomposition schemes based on the electron density (Abramov et al. 2000). In the remaining pairs of molecules, dispersion is the main contribution to Ei, while the sum of the electrostatic and polarization energies only partially compensates for the repulsion.

As shown in Fig. 2, molecule pair 1 corresponds to an R22(8) motif (Bernstein et al., 1995) formed by two N—H···O hydrogen bonds. This supramolecular motif connects molecules A and B and is built around one of the local symmetry centres. Given the large value of Ei compared with the rest of the interaction energies, the dimer defined by R22(8) can be considered as the building block of the crystal structure. The next two pairs correspond to N—H···O hydrogen bonds defining two identical C(4) motifs that run along [010]. Consecutive dimers along these chains are tilted, the planes defined by their R22(8) motifs forming an angle of 74°, calculated from the planes defined by atoms O2A/C1A/O1A/N1A and O2Bi/C1Bi/O1Bi/N1Bi [symmetry code: (i) x - 1, y, z] and that defined by the same atoms after applying the symmetry operator (-x, y + 1/2, z). Two parallel dimers along the same chain are bridged by two carbamate groups in tilted dimers, forming an R66(16) motif (Fig. 3). The same hydrogen-bond pattern is observed in metastable form I of phenyl carbamate (Wishkerman & Bernstein, 2008).

A feature not accounted for by hydrogen bonding is the stacked dimers along [100], giving rise to the second local symmetry centre between stacked dimers. The two lowest Ei values for non-hydrogen-bonded pairs of molecules (pairs 4 and 5) and the highest Ei value for an intralayer interaction (pair 8) are associated with this stacking. The short C3A—H3A1···N1A (pair 4) and C3B—H3B2···N1B (pair 5) distances and the conformation of the carbamate groups, with an interplanar distance of 3.174 Å, calculated from the planes defined by atoms C3A/O2A/C1A/O1A/N1A and C3Bi/O2Bi/C1Bi/O1Bi/N1Bi, and that defined by the same atoms after applying the symmetry operator (x + 1, y, z), and the oxo groups being almost superimposed in the direction perpendicular to the carbamate plane, suggests that these three pairs account for a complex stacking of the dimers that involves a combination of C—H···N and ππ interactions. According to PIXEL, this dimer stacking is similar in strength to an N—H···O hydrogen bond, playing an important role in the conformation of the layers. Thus, R22(8) motifs and dimer stacking define chains along [100] where each molecule in the chain is connected to its neighbours by local symmetry centres (Fig. 4). The assembly of these chains through hydrogen bonding results in layers where lines of local symmetry centres alternate with the b-glide plane of the crystal structure.

The only significant interaction between the carbamate and phenyl groups in the A sublayer is C9A—H9A···O2A (pair 7). The conformation of the molecule pair suggests that this interaction is reinforced by C8A—H8A···πA (pair 7). Each molecule A forms two C9A—H9A···O2A (pair 7) contacts and one C3A—H3A···N1A (pair 4) contact of similar Ei value with three consecutive members of the chain generated by the C(4) motif (Fig. 5). This is the strongest interaction bridging elements along C(4) and, together with the C5A—H5A···πA contact reinforcing N1A—H1A1···O1A (both in pair 3), stabilizes the tilted conformation of the molecules along the C(4) chains (pairs 2 and 3), to the detriment of the parallel conformation observed, for example, in the stable form II of phenyl carbamate (Wishkerman & Bernstein, 2008). The same pattern of contacts, involving pair 6, is observed in the B sublayer.

The molecule packing in a noncentrosymmetric space group arises from the assembly of layers through C—H···π contacts. These interactions can induce the formation of chiral helices arranged along the 21 axis, favouring crystallization in a noncentrosymmetric space group even in the case of achiral molecules (Tanaka et al., 2007). The only important differences in the molecular environments of A and B concern the interlayer C—H···π contacts (Fig. 6). Thus, the geometries of H7A···πB (pair 11) and H7B···πA (pair 9) are quite different, with the Ei value being significantly lower for the latter. Moreover, B is a donor in a third C—H···π contact (pair 10) with an unconventional conformation. In this pair, the phenyl rings are almost perpendicular but the donor presents a very large offset from the centroid of the acceptor. The result deviates from the T conformation usually associated with a C—H···π interaction, resembling an L conformation, with a large centroid-to-centroid distance CgB···CgAii = 6.008 Å [symmetry code: (ii) -x + 1, -y, z + 1/2] and a short separation from the donor centroid CgB to the plane defined by the phenyl acceptor πA of 3.257 Å. Because of this unusual conformation, this interaction can be easily missed, in spite of being comparable in strength with other C—H···π contacts.

In conclusion, the application of the PIXEL method to benzyl carbamate, (I), stresses features difficult to detect from a more conventional analysis of the structure based exclusively on geometry. Thus, the method reveals that a combination of C—H···N interactions induces a stacking that is comparable in energy with hydrogen bonding, that C—H···O and C—H···π interactions favour a tilted conformation of the molecules along hydrogen-bonded chains, and that relatively strong phenyl–phenyl interactions can take place with unusual geometries. Although hydrogen bonding is the strongest intermolecular force, there is no clear division between strong and weak interactions. Thus, even if strong hydrogen bonds are present, C—H···X (X = O, N or π) should be considered in explaining the crystal packing of benzyl carbamate.

Related literature top

For related literature, see: Abramov et al. (2000); Bernstein et al. (1995); Bubert et al. (2007); Gavezzotti (2011); Gosh et al. (2006); Marsh et al. (1998); O'Donnell et al. (1979); Tanaka et al. (2007); Wishkerman & Bernstein (2008).

Experimental top

Benzyl carbamate in methanol [Quantities?] was heated under reflux until totally dissolved. The solution was filtered and hexane was added dropwise until the solution was slightly cloudy. Slow evaporation of the solvent at room temperature in a covered flask spiked by a hollow needle gave colourless crystals of (I) suitable for single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Refinement top

The size of the specimen crystal was small (100 × 50 × 50 µm), so the diffraction intensities were not strong. The space group was initially set to Pbcm according to the extinction rules, then relaxed to Pbc21, hence the nonstandard setting. H atoms were situated at calculated positions and treated as riding atoms, with Csp3—H = 0.97 Å, Csp2—H = 0.93 Å and N—H = 0.86 Å, and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C,N). In the absence of significant anomalous scattering effects, Friedel pairs were not measured.

Computing details top

Data collection: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); cell refinement: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994); data reduction: XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of the asymmetric unit of (I). Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 50% probability level.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The molecular packing of (I), projected in the (100) plane. A and B identify the molecules in each sublayer. Large dots indicate the local symmetry centres. N—H···O interactions are indicated by dashed lines.
[Figure 3] Fig. 3. The hydrogen bonding in (I) (dashed lines). The numbers identify pairs of molecules in Table 1; 1 is the R22(8) motif, while 2 and 3 are C(4). The four represented dimers form an R66(16) motif.
[Figure 4] Fig. 4. A view of a chain along [100]. The numbers identify pairs of molecules in Table 1. Large dots indicate local symmetry centres. N—H···O and C—H···N interactions are indicated by dashed lines.
[Figure 5] Fig. 5. A view of a fragment of a C(4) chain with the elements bridged by C—H···O and C—H···N contacts. Numbers identify pairs of molecules in Table 1.
[Figure 6] Fig. 6. Detail of the interlayer assembly, projected in the (001) plane. Selected C···C distances denoting interlayer C—H···π contacts (dashed lines) are marked. The numbers identify pairs of molecules in Table 1.
benzyl carbamate top
Crystal data top
C8H9NO2F(000) = 640
Mr = 151.16Dx = 1.269 Mg m3
Orthorhombic, Pca21Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: P 2c -2acCell parameters from 25 reflections
a = 10.037 (2) Åθ = 16.0–29.8°
b = 5.330 (1) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
c = 29.570 (4) ÅT = 293 K
V = 1581.9 (5) Å3Prism, colourless
Z = 80.1 × 0.05 × 0.05 mm
Data collection top
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4
diffractometer
913 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: Enraf Nonius FR590Rint = 0.040
Graphite monochromatorθmax = 25.0°, θmin = 1.4°
non–profiled ω scansh = 011
Absorption correction: gaussian
a grid of 8 x 8 x 8 = 512 sampling points was used
k = 06
Tmin = 0.992, Tmax = 0.996l = 350
1472 measured reflections2 standard reflections every 60 min
1422 independent reflections intensity decay: none
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: fullSecondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.076Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F2) = 0.233H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.08 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.138P)2 + 0.3889P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
1422 reflections(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
199 parametersΔρmax = 0.27 e Å3
1 restraintΔρmin = 0.47 e Å3
Crystal data top
C8H9NO2V = 1581.9 (5) Å3
Mr = 151.16Z = 8
Orthorhombic, Pca21Mo Kα radiation
a = 10.037 (2) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
b = 5.330 (1) ÅT = 293 K
c = 29.570 (4) Å0.1 × 0.05 × 0.05 mm
Data collection top
Enraf–Nonius CAD-4
diffractometer
913 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Absorption correction: gaussian
a grid of 8 x 8 x 8 = 512 sampling points was used
Rint = 0.040
Tmin = 0.992, Tmax = 0.9962 standard reflections every 60 min
1472 measured reflections intensity decay: none
1422 independent reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0761 restraint
wR(F2) = 0.233H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.08Δρmax = 0.27 e Å3
1422 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.47 e Å3
199 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All esds (except the esd in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell esds are taken into account individually in the estimation of esds in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between esds in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell esds is used for estimating esds involving l.s. planes.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
C1A0.1646 (7)0.0357 (16)0.7035 (3)0.043 (2)
C3A0.1084 (9)0.3910 (18)0.6598 (4)0.064 (3)
H3A10.15050.54910.6520.076*
H3A20.04440.42440.68370.076*
C4A0.0353 (8)0.2951 (15)0.6193 (3)0.052 (2)
C5A0.0809 (11)0.094 (2)0.5942 (4)0.071 (3)
H5A0.15920.0130.60270.085*
C6A0.0112 (14)0.010 (2)0.5568 (4)0.088 (3)
H6A0.03790.13260.54120.106*
C7A0.0984 (13)0.145 (3)0.5432 (4)0.091 (3)
H7A0.14260.09640.5170.109*
C8A0.1448 (11)0.346 (3)0.5668 (4)0.088 (3)
H8A0.22120.42990.55760.106*
C9A0.0760 (9)0.420 (2)0.6043 (4)0.070 (3)
H9A0.10550.55980.62020.084*
N1A0.2641 (6)0.1082 (12)0.7174 (3)0.0587 (19)
H1A10.24850.23370.73490.07*
H1A20.34430.07610.7090.07*
O1A0.0481 (4)0.0079 (11)0.7133 (2)0.0574 (17)
O2A0.2085 (5)0.2237 (11)0.6771 (2)0.0568 (15)
C1B0.0542 (7)0.4570 (18)0.7901 (3)0.049 (2)
C3B0.1095 (9)0.097 (2)0.8333 (3)0.062 (2)
H3B10.17690.07120.81030.074*
H3B20.06750.06390.83910.074*
C4B0.1759 (8)0.1840 (16)0.8756 (3)0.053 (2)
C5B0.1265 (13)0.372 (2)0.9013 (4)0.084 (3)
H5B0.04820.45260.89290.101*
C6B0.1940 (16)0.446 (3)0.9410 (5)0.108 (4)
H6B0.16290.58260.95740.129*
C7B0.3026 (14)0.322 (3)0.9553 (4)0.097 (4)
H7B0.3440.36620.98220.116*
C8B0.3502 (11)0.133 (3)0.9303 (4)0.097 (4)
H8B0.42680.04960.93960.116*
C9B0.2871 (10)0.060 (2)0.8908 (4)0.078 (3)
H9B0.32050.07430.87430.094*
N1B0.0445 (6)0.5982 (14)0.7761 (3)0.0598 (19)
H1B10.02890.72370.75860.072*
H1B20.12470.56540.78440.072*
O1B0.1717 (5)0.4871 (11)0.7804 (2)0.0588 (17)
O2B0.0103 (6)0.2681 (11)0.8161 (2)0.0582 (15)
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
C1A0.034 (4)0.055 (5)0.042 (5)0.003 (4)0.002 (3)0.006 (4)
C3A0.076 (6)0.042 (5)0.073 (6)0.003 (4)0.005 (5)0.009 (5)
C4A0.057 (5)0.047 (5)0.052 (5)0.011 (4)0.007 (4)0.009 (4)
C5A0.092 (7)0.063 (6)0.057 (6)0.012 (5)0.003 (5)0.004 (5)
C6A0.126 (9)0.081 (7)0.058 (7)0.008 (7)0.001 (7)0.005 (6)
C7A0.112 (9)0.104 (9)0.056 (6)0.027 (8)0.007 (7)0.004 (7)
C8A0.086 (8)0.104 (9)0.075 (7)0.009 (6)0.010 (6)0.013 (7)
C9A0.065 (5)0.077 (6)0.068 (7)0.003 (5)0.004 (5)0.010 (6)
N1A0.033 (3)0.075 (4)0.068 (5)0.001 (3)0.002 (4)0.001 (5)
O1A0.034 (3)0.074 (4)0.064 (4)0.003 (3)0.006 (2)0.012 (3)
O2A0.052 (3)0.058 (3)0.060 (4)0.002 (3)0.006 (3)0.003 (3)
C1B0.035 (5)0.061 (5)0.050 (5)0.003 (4)0.001 (3)0.014 (5)
C3B0.075 (6)0.058 (6)0.051 (5)0.006 (5)0.005 (4)0.011 (5)
C4B0.062 (5)0.050 (5)0.048 (5)0.004 (4)0.010 (4)0.000 (5)
C5B0.120 (9)0.067 (6)0.066 (7)0.022 (6)0.012 (6)0.022 (6)
C6B0.156 (12)0.105 (9)0.061 (7)0.023 (9)0.013 (8)0.033 (7)
C7B0.112 (10)0.116 (10)0.064 (7)0.005 (9)0.014 (7)0.006 (8)
C8B0.080 (8)0.126 (11)0.083 (9)0.010 (7)0.011 (7)0.016 (9)
C9B0.072 (6)0.096 (7)0.067 (7)0.008 (6)0.003 (5)0.016 (6)
N1B0.036 (4)0.076 (5)0.068 (5)0.008 (3)0.002 (3)0.001 (5)
O1B0.036 (3)0.072 (4)0.068 (4)0.002 (3)0.003 (3)0.003 (4)
O2B0.054 (3)0.063 (3)0.058 (4)0.008 (3)0.010 (3)0.011 (3)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
C1A—O1A1.214 (8)C1B—O1B1.224 (9)
C1A—N1A1.325 (10)C1B—N1B1.311 (10)
C1A—O2A1.345 (10)C1B—O2B1.340 (10)
C3A—O2A1.436 (11)C3B—O2B1.444 (11)
C3A—C4A1.496 (13)C3B—C4B1.491 (13)
C3A—H3A10.97C3B—H3B10.97
C3A—H3A20.97C3B—H3B20.97
C4A—C9A1.374 (12)C4B—C5B1.352 (14)
C4A—C5A1.383 (14)C4B—C9B1.371 (13)
C5A—C6A1.382 (16)C5B—C6B1.410 (17)
C5A—H5A0.93C5B—H5B0.93
C6A—C7A1.373 (17)C6B—C7B1.344 (17)
C6A—H6A0.93C6B—H6B0.93
C7A—C8A1.359 (18)C7B—C8B1.335 (19)
C7A—H7A0.93C7B—H7B0.93
C8A—C9A1.365 (15)C8B—C9B1.386 (16)
C8A—H8A0.93C8B—H8B0.93
C9A—H9A0.93C9B—H9B0.93
N1A—H1A10.86N1B—H1B10.86
N1A—H1A20.86N1B—H1B20.86
O1A—C1A—N1A125.5 (8)O1B—C1B—N1B125.3 (9)
O1A—C1A—O2A123.1 (7)O1B—C1B—O2B123.3 (8)
N1A—C1A—O2A111.4 (6)N1B—C1B—O2B111.4 (6)
O2A—C3A—C4A114.5 (7)O2B—C3B—C4B114.0 (8)
O2A—C3A—H3A1108.6O2B—C3B—H3B1108.7
C4A—C3A—H3A1108.6C4B—C3B—H3B1108.7
O2A—C3A—H3A2108.6O2B—C3B—H3B2108.7
C4A—C3A—H3A2108.6C4B—C3B—H3B2108.7
H3A1—C3A—H3A2107.6H3B1—C3B—H3B2107.6
C9A—C4A—C5A118.1 (9)C5B—C4B—C9B118.1 (10)
C9A—C4A—C3A119.5 (8)C5B—C4B—C3B122.6 (9)
C5A—C4A—C3A122.2 (8)C9B—C4B—C3B119.2 (9)
C6A—C5A—C4A120.7 (10)C4B—C5B—C6B119.9 (11)
C6A—C5A—H5A119.6C4B—C5B—H5B120
C4A—C5A—H5A119.6C6B—C5B—H5B120
C7A—C6A—C5A118.2 (11)C7B—C6B—C5B120.9 (12)
C7A—C6A—H6A120.9C7B—C6B—H6B119.5
C5A—C6A—H6A120.9C5B—C6B—H6B119.5
C8A—C7A—C6A122.4 (11)C8B—C7B—C6B119.1 (12)
C8A—C7A—H7A118.8C8B—C7B—H7B120.4
C6A—C7A—H7A118.8C6B—C7B—H7B120.4
C7A—C8A—C9A118.1 (11)C7B—C8B—C9B120.9 (12)
C7A—C8A—H8A120.9C7B—C8B—H8B119.5
C9A—C8A—H8A120.9C9B—C8B—H8B119.5
C8A—C9A—C4A122.2 (11)C4B—C9B—C8B120.9 (11)
C8A—C9A—H9A118.9C4B—C9B—H9B119.6
C4A—C9A—H9A118.9C8B—C9B—H9B119.6
C1A—N1A—H1A1120C1B—N1B—H1B1120
C1A—N1A—H1A2120C1B—N1B—H1B2120
H1A1—N1A—H1A2120H1B1—N1B—H1B2120
C1A—O2A—C3A116.1 (6)C1B—O2B—C3B116.8 (7)
O2A—C3A—C4A—C9A169.8 (9)O2B—C3B—C4B—C5B15.3 (13)
O2A—C3A—C4A—C5A14.7 (11)O2B—C3B—C4B—C9B168.7 (9)
C9A—C4A—C5A—C6A4.1 (14)C9B—C4B—C5B—C6B4.0 (17)
C3A—C4A—C5A—C6A179.6 (10)C3B—C4B—C5B—C6B180.0 (12)
C4A—C5A—C6A—C7A4.8 (16)C4B—C5B—C6B—C7B4 (2)
C5A—C6A—C7A—C8A4.0 (18)C5B—C6B—C7B—C8B3 (2)
C6A—C7A—C8A—C9A2.4 (18)C6B—C7B—C8B—C9B2 (2)
C7A—C8A—C9A—C4A1.7 (16)C5B—C4B—C9B—C8B2.7 (16)
C5A—C4A—C9A—C8A2.5 (15)C3B—C4B—C9B—C8B178.9 (10)
C3A—C4A—C9A—C8A178.2 (9)C7B—C8B—C9B—C4B1.7 (18)
O1A—C1A—O2A—C3A1.2 (11)O1B—C1B—O2B—C3B0.9 (12)
N1A—C1A—O2A—C3A179.7 (8)N1B—C1B—O2B—C3B179.4 (7)
C4A—C3A—O2A—C1A80.8 (9)C4B—C3B—O2B—C1B84.0 (10)
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1A1···O1Bi0.862.152.996 (10)169
N1A—H1A2···O1Aii0.862.082.903 (8)159
N1B—H1B1···O1Aiii0.862.163.012 (10)169
N1B—H1B2···O1Biv0.862.072.888 (8)160
C9A—H9A···O2Aiv0.932.773.595 (12)149
C9B—H9B···O2Bii0.932.773.601 (13)150
C3A—H3A1···N1Aiii0.972.893.530 (12)124
C3B—H3B2···N1Bi0.972.833.509 (12)128
C3A—H3A2···N1B0.973.023.923 (13)155
C3B—H3B1···N1A0.973.043.917 (12)152
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y1, z; (ii) x, y+1/2, z+1/2; (iii) x, y+1, z; (iv) x1, y+3/2, z+1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC8H9NO2
Mr151.16
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, Pca21
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)10.037 (2), 5.330 (1), 29.570 (4)
V3)1581.9 (5)
Z8
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.09
Crystal size (mm)0.1 × 0.05 × 0.05
Data collection
DiffractometerEnraf–Nonius CAD-4
diffractometer
Absorption correctionGaussian
a grid of 8 x 8 x 8 = 512 sampling points was used
Tmin, Tmax0.992, 0.996
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
1472, 1422, 913
Rint0.040
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.594
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.076, 0.233, 1.08
No. of reflections1422
No. of parameters199
No. of restraints1
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters constrained
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.27, 0.47

Computer programs: CAD-4 EXPRESS (Enraf–Nonius, 1994), XCAD4 (Harms & Wocadlo, 1995), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008), ORTEP-3 for Windows (Farrugia, 1997), WinGX (Farrugia, 1999).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1A1···O1Bi0.862.152.996 (10)168.6
N1A—H1A2···O1Aii0.862.082.903 (8)159.4
N1B—H1B1···O1Aiii0.862.163.012 (10)168.9
N1B—H1B2···O1Biv0.862.072.888 (8)159.6
C9A—H9A···O2Aiv0.932.773.595 (12)149
C9B—H9B···O2Bii0.932.773.601 (13)149.6
C3A—H3A1···N1Aiii0.972.893.530 (12)124.1
C3B—H3B2···N1Bi0.972.833.509 (12)128.2
C3A—H3A2···N1B0.973.023.923 (13)155.4
C3B—H3B1···N1A0.973.043.917 (12)151.8
Symmetry codes: (i) x, y1, z; (ii) x, y+1/2, z+1/2; (iii) x, y+1, z; (iv) x1, y+3/2, z+1/2.
Pairs of molecules, interaction energies (Ei) and Ei components from PIXEL analysis (kJ mol-1) top
EiaCoulombicbPolarizationbDispersionbRepulsionbIntermolecular interactionc
1A···Bi-60.0/-58.1-64.7-18.4-15.238.3N1A···O1B, N1B···O1A
2B···Bii-33.5/-32.1-31.5-11.6-19.729.3N1B···O1B, C5B···πB
3A···Aiii-32.9/-31.9-30.7-11.4-22.431.6N1A···O1A, C5A···πA
4A···Aiv-17.0/-16.2-5.5-2.4-19.410.3C3A···N1A
5B···Bi-15.9/-15.2-5.1-2.4-17.79.4C3B···N1B
6B···Biii-13.2/-12.7-4.3-1.3-14.87.1C9B···O2B, C8B···πB
7A···Aii-12.7/-12.1-4.4-1.4-14.37.4C9A···O2A, C8A···πA
8A···B-11.1/-10.6-1.2-3.0-15.48.6C3A···N1B, C3B···N1A
9B···Av-7.2/-7.1-1.4-0.4-7.72.4C7B···πA
10B···Avi-5.6/-4.9-1.3-1.4-10.47.6C6B···πA
11A···Bvii-5.3/-5.2-1.2-0.3-5.01.2C7A···πB
Notes: (a) The first number is the interaction energy for the pair of molecules in the crystal structure and the second is for an isolated pair of molecules with crystal geometry. (b) The components refer to Ei in the crystal structure; (c) πA and πB refer to π orbitals in the phenyl ring of A and B, respectively. Symmetry codes: (i) x, y-1, z; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) x+1/2, -y, z; (iv) x-1/2, -y+1, z; (v) -x, -y+1, z+1/2; (vi) -x, -y, z-1/2; (vii) -x+1/2, y, z+1/2.
Geometry of intermolecular contacts (Å, °) in pairs of molecules in Table 1 top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1A—H1A1···O1Bi0.862.152.996 (10)168.6
N1B—H1B1···O1Aii0.862.163.012 (10)168.9
N1A—H1A2···O1Aiii0.862.082.903 (8)159.4
N1B—H1B2···O1Biv0.862.072.888 (8)159.6
C9A—H9A···O2Aiv0.932.773.595 (12)149.0
C9B—H9B···O2Biii0.932.773.601 (13)149.6
C3A—H3A1···N1Aii0.972.893.530 (12)124.1
C3B—H3B2···N1Bi0.972.823.509 (12)128.2
C3A—H3A2···N1B0.973.023.923 (13)155.4
C3B—H1B1···N1A0.973.043.917 (12)151.8
C5A—H5A···CgAiii0.933.404.246152.4
C5B—H5B···CgBiv0.933.544.391153.5
C8A—H8A···CgAiv0.933.704.546152.3
C8B—H8B···CgBiii0.933.604.436151.3
C6B—H6B···CgAv0.934.024.788142.2
C7A—H7A···CgBvi0.933.664.551162.0
C7B—H7B···CgAvii0.933.564.401152.0
CgA and CgB refer to the centroids of the phenyl rings of molecules A and B, respectively. Symmetry codes: (i) x, y-1, z; (ii) x, y+1, z; (iii) x+1/2, -y, z; (iv) x-1/2, -y+1, z; (v) -x, -y+1, z+1/2; (vi) -x, -y, z-1/2; (vii) -x+1/2, y, z+1/2.
 

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