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Noguchi, Fujiki, Iwao, Miura & Itai [Acta Cryst. (2012), E68, o667-o668] recently reported the crystal structure of clarithro­mycin monohydrate from synchrotron X-ray powder diffraction data. Voids in the crystal structure suggested the possible presence of two more water mol­ecules. After successful location of the two additional water mol­ecules, the Rietveld refinement still showed minor problems. These were resolved by noticing that one of the chiral centres in the mol­ecule had been inverted. The corrected crystal structure of clarithromycin trihydrate, refined against the original data, is now reported. Dispersion-corrected density functional theory calculations were used to check the final crystal structure and to position the H atoms.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270112035536/fa3285sup1.cif
Contains datablocks global, I

rtv

Rietveld powder data file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270112035536/fa3285Isup2.rtv
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 908142

Comment top

In a Cambridge Structural Database (CSD, Allen, 2002) study on methanolates, Brychczynska et al. (2008) described the remarkable isomorphism of clarithromycin methanolate (Iwasaki et al., 1993) and clarithromycin anhydrate form II (Stephenson et al., 1997) (Fig. 1). As a consequence of this isomorphism, the crystal structure of clarithromycin anhydrate features a suspiciously large void, which in the methanolate is occupied by a molecule of methanol. The anhydrate was grown from a water-saturated ethyl acetate solution, excluding the possibility of a methanolate, but a hydrate cannot be ruled out. Indeed, Tian et al. (2009) later reported the same anhydrate form II and found from single-crystal studies that the voids can be occupied by up to half a molecule of water, but confirmed that the voids can also be essentially empty. It seems puzzling that a void large enough to contain a methanol molecule would be too small to contain a full water molecule. It was this intriguing behaviour of the methanolate/anhydrate/hemihydrate system that prompted a closer look when recently the crystal structures of a second polymorph of the anhydrate (form I) and of the alleged monohydrate of clarithromycin were reported based on X-ray powder diffraction data (Noguchi, Fujiki et al., 2012; Noguchi, Miura et al., 2012).

In the monohydrate, the authors located one water molecule in the difference Fourier map. Using Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008), several water-accessible voids are readily identified in the crystal structures of both the new anhydrate form I and the monohydrate (Fig. 2). However, the presence of similar voids in the crystal structure of the previously published anhydrate form II indicates that the presence of voids alone is not sufficient proof for missing water molecules. Indeed, the voids in anhydrate form I were convincingly shown to be empty by the authors, and a Rietveld refinement using the authors' powder diffraction data with and without four O atoms manually inserted at the positions of the voids showed no significant improvement in the fit, with the occupancy of the O atoms refining to less than 0.3.

The monohydrate is different. The eight water-accessible voids were not commented on in the original paper. The experimental powder diffraction pattern had been made available in the supplementary material of the original publication and was downloaded from https://www.iucr.org (file hb6588Isup2.rtv). The 2θ values and the intensities were used as provided; the estimated standard deviations were calculated as the square root of the number of counts. The space group being P212121, two crystallographically independent water molecules are needed to occupy the eight voids. Two O atoms were placed at the centres of the voids and the resulting model was Rietveld-refined using TOPAS-Academic 4.1 (Coelho, 2007). The occupancies and isotropic displacement parameters of the two additional O atoms were refined individually. For comparison, the crystal structure as published was refined using the same program with the same settings. The results are compared in Table 1. After Rietveld refinement, the two additional water molecules refine to positions that allow an excellent network of hydrogen bonds, with O···O distances between 2.66 (2) and 2.96 (2) Å (Fig. 3). From the chemically sensible hydrogen bonds and from the numerical results in Table 1, we conclude that the crystal structure published by Noguchi and co-workers pertains to a trihydrate rather than a monohydrate.

One might wonder why the original authors were not able to locate the two water molecules in the residual electron-density map, in spite of the significant effect these two water molecules have on the calculated intensities. It is possible that this is caused by the way residual electron densities are calculated for powder diffraction data. For single-crystal data, the residual electron density is calculated based on the observed intensities, whereas the phases are taken as calculated from the model. For powder data, individual intensities cannot be observed directly due to peak overlap, and the observed sums of intensities must be partitioned based on the intensities calculated from the model. In other words, in residual electron-density maps from powder diffraction data, both phases and intensities are biased by, and towards, a possibly incomplete structural model. As a consequence, residual electron-density maps from powder diffraction data are less objective and therefore less reliable than those from single-crystal data.

The goodness-of-fit had improved to an acceptable value, and the Rietveld plot looked excellent, with no remaining features in the difference curve. But in spite of these substantial improvements, the crystal structure remained unsatisfactory. The molecular geometry was checked using Mogul (Bruno et al., 2004) to compare all bond lengths and valence angles against distributions from single-crystal data. The relevant measure is the absolute value of the z score, which measures by how many standard deviations each value in the crystal structure differs from the mean of the distribution from the single-crystal data. Normally, all values should be smaller than about 3. For clarithromycin trihydrate, some values were still over 5, sometimes over 8. One of the major problems was that Rietveld refinement is a least-squares procedure, and any error in the model is absorbed by minor distortions throughout the rest of model, making it difficult to locate the source of the error. Usually, dispersion-corrected density functional theory (DFT-D; Perdew et al., 1996; Grimme, 2006; Accelrys, 2011) provides a powerful method for complementing powder diffraction data, but for this crystal structure the hydrogen-bonding pattern was initially uncertain, and energy minimizations with three different hydrogen-bonding patterns led to distorted structures. Visual inspection and comparison with the energy-minimized crystal structures indicated a problem with atom C16. A disorder model was tried, resulting in a significant overall improvement, but at the expense of reversing the stereochemistry of one of the chiral centres. Comparison with the single-crystal structures of clarithromycin anhydrate form II showed that the stereochemistry had indeed been assigned incorrectly in the powder structure. According to the original paper, `The initial structure was determined by the molecular replacement method using MOLREP implemented in CCP4. The search model employed was form 0 of the [clarithromycin] crystal structure (Jin et al., 2009).' The chiral centres in the crystal structure by Jin et al. (2009) are all correct, and apparently one of them was inverted as part of the original structure solution or structure refinement process of the powder structure.

With the corrected stereochemistry, the crystal structure refined quickly and smoothly to a final structure with excellent figures of merit (Table 1). Fig. 4 shows the final Rietveld refinements; Fig. 5 shows the final structure.

The hydrogen-bonding pattern was assigned by running a short molecular dynamics simulation with the COMPASS force field (Sun, 1998), with regular local optimizations of the current structure (quenching). The hydrogen-bonding network with the lowest energy was selected. For the Rietveld refinement, C—H distances of 0.96 Å and O—H distances of 0.85 Å were used. For the final structure, the positions of the H atoms were energy-minimized using DFT-D, with the non-H atoms and unit-cell parameters kept fixed. The coordinates of the H atoms in the accompanying CIF therefore reflect nuclear positions rather than maxima in the electron density.

The correctness of the crystal structure as a whole was assessed by energy-minimizing the structure using DFT-D, with the unit cell free using CASTEP (Clark et al., 2005), and calculating the root mean-square (r.m.s.) Cartesian displacement (ignoring H atoms) as described by van de Streek & Neumann (2010). R.m.s. Cartesian displacement values lower than 0.25 Å indicate a correct crystal structure; values over 0.30 Å are indicative of a problem with the crystal structure. For clarithromycin trihydrate, the r.m.s. Cartesian displacement is 0.14 Å, well within the range indicating a correct crystal structure.

In conclusion, the information content of powder diffraction patterns is high, probably much higher than most crystallographers are prepared to accept, but the least-squares characteristics of the Rietveld refinement procedure can obscure the cause of possible problems within the model by distributing the problem over large parts of the structure. It is only when the entire model describes the experimental data without discrepancies, and when the whole range of figures of merit (Table 1) and the final crystal structure (Figs. 3 and 5) and the Rietveld refinement (Fig. 4) are satisfactory, that we should accept a crystal structure from powder diffraction data as `correct'.

Related literature top

For related literature, see: Accelrys (2011); Allen (2002); Bruno et al. (2004); Brychczynska et al. (2008); Clark et al. (2005); Coelho (2007); Grimme (2006); Iwasaki et al. (1993); Jin et al. (2009); Macrae et al. (2008); Noguchi, Fujiki, Iwao, Miura & Itai (2012); Noguchi, Miura, Fujiki, Iwao & Itai (2012); Perdew et al. (1996); Stephenson et al. (1997); Streek & Neumann (2010); Sun (1998); Tian et al. (2009).

Computing details top

Data collection: local software (Osaka et al., 2010; Takata et al., 2002); cell refinement: TOPAS (Coelho, 2007); data reduction: local software (Takata et al., 2002); program(s) used to solve structure: Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4 (1994); program(s) used to refine structure: TOPAS-Academic 4.1 (Coelho, 2007); molecular graphics: Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: Crimson Editor (Reference required).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. Overlay of the crystal structures of the anhydrate form II (blue) and the methanolate (red) of clarithromycin. The structures are isomorphous. The methanolate molecules in the methanolate structure (shown in space-filling style) correspond to voids in the anhydrate. H atoms have been omitted for clarity.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The water-accessible voids in the published crystal structures of clarithromycin monohydrate and clarithromycin anhydrate form I. H atoms have been omitted for clarity. [Particular features of parts (a) and (b)? Significance of yellow clusters?]
[Figure 3] Fig. 3. The new hydrogen-bonding pattern proposed here, made possible by the addition of two water molecules (shown as large spheres) occupying what are voids in Fig. 2. The introduction of the two water molecules generates six new hydrogen bonds. H atoms have been omitted for clarity. [Symmetry codes: (i) x, y, z - 1; (ii) x + 1/2, -y + 1/2, -z + 1; (iii) x + 1/2, -y + 1/2, -z.]
[Figure 4] Fig. 4. Rietveld refinements with (a?) the model as published (monohydrate) and (b?) with two water molecules added to give a trihydrate. Both models were fully refined using the same software with the same settings. On the y axis, the square root of the number of counts is plotted to emphasize small features in the difference curve. Note the substantial improvement caused by the addition of just two O atoms, representing 16 electrons, to a compound with the formula C38H69NO13.H2O, representing 418 electrons.
[Figure 5] Fig. 5. The molecular structure of (I), with the atom-numbering scheme. Displacement spheres are drawn at the 30% probability level. For clarity, the water molecules have not been shown.
clarithromycin trihydrate top
Crystal data top
C38H69NO13·3H2ODx = 1.194 Mg m3
Mr = 801.99Synchrotron radiation, λ = 1.3000 Å
Orthorhombic, P212121µ = 0.44 mm1
a = 15.70980 (17) ÅT = 298 K
b = 18.8926 (2) ÅParticle morphology: powder
c = 15.03575 (16) Åwhite
V = 4462.60 (8) Å3cylinder, 3.0 × 0.3 mm
Z = 4Specimen preparation: Prepared at 298 K and 101 kPa
F(000) = 1752.0
Data collection top
BL-19B2 Debye–Scherrer camera
diffractometer
Data collection mode: transmission
Si(111) monochromatorScan method: Stationary detector
Specimen mounting: capillary
Refinement top
Least-squares matrix: full with fixed elements per cycle431 parameters
Rp = 0.015362 restraints
Rwp = 0.0190 constraints
Rexp = 0.016H-atom parameters not refined
RBragg = 0.625Weighting scheme based on measured s.u.'s
χ2 = 1.423(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
6201 data pointsBackground function: Chebyshev function with 20 terms
Excluded region(s): nonePreferred orientation correction: none
Crystal data top
C38H69NO13·3H2OV = 4462.60 (8) Å3
Mr = 801.99Z = 4
Orthorhombic, P212121Synchrotron radiation, λ = 1.3000 Å
a = 15.70980 (17) ŵ = 0.44 mm1
b = 18.8926 (2) ÅT = 298 K
c = 15.03575 (16) Åcylinder, 3.0 × 0.3 mm
Data collection top
BL-19B2 Debye–Scherrer camera
diffractometer
Data collection mode: transmission
Specimen mounting: capillaryScan method: Stationary detector
Refinement top
Rp = 0.0156201 data points
Rwp = 0.019431 parameters
Rexp = 0.016362 restraints
RBragg = 0.625H-atom parameters not refined
χ2 = 1.423
Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
C10.1663 (3)0.0720 (2)0.0672 (3)0.049774 (11)
C20.2329 (3)0.0151 (3)0.0299 (3)0.049774 (11)
C30.1487 (3)0.0579 (2)0.0923 (3)0.049774 (11)
C40.1522 (3)0.0588 (3)0.1947 (3)0.049774 (11)
C50.0984 (3)0.1200 (3)0.2312 (3)0.049774 (11)
C60.0102 (3)0.1212 (3)0.1022 (3)0.049774 (11)
C70.0557 (3)0.0581 (2)0.0633 (3)0.049774 (11)
C80.0829 (3)0.1132 (3)0.0824 (3)0.049774 (11)
C90.0677 (3)0.1753 (2)0.3726 (3)0.049774 (11)
C100.1398 (3)0.2174 (3)0.4199 (3)0.049774 (11)
C110.2238 (3)0.2040 (2)0.3730 (3)0.049774 (11)
C120.1205 (3)0.2976 (3)0.4180 (3)0.049774 (11)
C130.1669 (3)0.3378 (2)0.4948 (3)0.049774 (11)
C140.1904 (3)0.4158 (2)0.4765 (3)0.049774 (11)
C150.1153 (3)0.3358 (4)0.5795 (3)0.049774 (11)
C160.1243 (3)0.3040 (3)0.7328 (3)0.049774 (11)
C170.1828 (3)0.34680 (2)0.7918 (3)0.049774 (11)
C180.1910 (3)0.4217 (2)0.7588 (3)0.049774 (11)
C190.1113 (3)0.2270 (2)0.7606 (3)0.049774 (11)
C200.1936 (3)0.1867 (2)0.7502 (3)0.049774 (11)
C210.0386 (3)0.1956 (3)0.7043 (3)0.049774 (11)
C220.0279 (3)0.1150 (3)0.7046 (3)0.049774 (11)
C230.0071 (3)0.0830 (2)0.7971 (3)0.049774 (11)
C240.0450 (3)0.0934 (4)0.6420 (4)0.049774 (11)
C250.0233 (3)0.0486 (3)0.5619 (3)0.049774 (11)
C260.0226 (3)0.0172 (2)0.5945 (3)0.049774 (11)
C270.0350 (3)0.0855 (2)0.4945 (3)0.049774 (11)
C280.0010 (3)0.1458 (2)0.4370 (3)0.049774 (11)
C290.0768 (3)0.1240 (2)0.3826 (3)0.049774 (11)
C300.0816 (3)0.2512 (2)0.4709 (3)0.049774 (11)
C310.0961 (3)0.3810 (3)0.2999 (3)0.049774 (11)
C320.1420 (3)0.4168 (3)0.2240 (3)0.049774 (11)
C330.1427 (3)0.3767 (2)0.1372 (3)0.049774 (11)
C340.1786 (3)0.4223 (2)0.0637 (3)0.049774 (11)
C350.2749 (3)0.3131 (2)0.1715 (3)0.049774 (11)
C360.0500 (3)0.3574 (3)0.1147 (3)0.049774 (11)
C370.0085 (3)0.3183 (3)0.1926 (3)0.049774 (11)
C380.0840 (3)0.3011 (2)0.1779 (3)0.049774 (11)
N10.2030 (4)0.0008 (3)0.0602 (4)0.049774 (11)
O10.0133 (4)0.1159 (4)0.1997 (4)0.049774 (11)
O20.0996 (4)0.1156 (3)0.3243 (4)0.049774 (11)
O30.2369 (4)0.0582 (5)0.2251 (4)0.049774 (11)
O40.0434 (4)0.3586 (4)0.5892 (5)0.049774 (11)
O50.1621 (4)0.3053 (4)0.6435 (4)0.049774 (11)
O60.0910 (5)0.2239 (3)0.8534 (4)0.049774 (11)
O70.0382 (4)0.2266 (3)0.7356 (5)0.049774 (11)
O80.1159 (4)0.1189 (4)0.6525 (5)0.049774 (11)
O90.0221 (4)0.2005 (3)0.4981 (4)0.049774 (11)
O100.1463 (4)0.3244 (3)0.3327 (4)0.049774 (11)
O110.1885 (3)0.3117 (3)0.1412 (5)0.049774 (11)
O120.0411 (5)0.3162 (3)0.0349 (3)0.049774 (11)
O130.0131 (4)0.3594 (3)0.2737 (4)0.049774 (11)
O140.1101 (7)0.3168 (3)0.0452 (4)0.117 (5)
O150.3855 (7)0.1316 (5)0.2295 (6)0.122 (10)
O160.2167 (5)0.2249 (4)0.0028 (5)0.085 (6)
H1A0.11140.08010.02210.0597 (14)
H1B0.14540.08250.13570.0597 (14)
H1C0.21570.11070.04930.0597 (14)
H2A0.18050.01620.07940.0597 (14)
H2B0.27850.02560.05170.0597 (14)
H2C0.26520.06670.03010.0597 (14)
H3A0.17880.10720.06870.0597 (14)
H40.11950.01030.21880.0597 (14)
H50.12620.17110.20910.0597 (14)
H6A0.03730.17220.08040.0597 (14)
H7A0.02380.00960.08650.0597 (14)
H7B0.05120.05960.00980.0597 (14)
H8A0.10540.06200.10820.0597 (14)
H8B0.09440.11460.01020.0597 (14)
H8C0.12120.15530.11300.0597 (14)
H90.03570.21150.32600.0597 (14)
H100.14380.20150.49020.0597 (14)
H11A0.21820.21460.30160.0597 (14)
H11B0.24400.14870.38150.0597 (14)
H11C0.27410.23870.39930.0597 (14)
H12A0.05200.30700.42560.0597 (14)
H130.22720.30990.50730.0597 (14)
H14A0.22580.41980.41370.0597 (14)
H14B0.23200.43500.53020.0597 (14)
H14C0.13390.44990.47480.0597 (14)
H16A0.06210.33040.72890.0597 (14)
H17A0.24600.32180.79570.0597 (14)
H17B0.15610.34560.85940.0597 (14)
H18A0.22190.42370.69320.0597 (14)
H18B0.22960.45390.80460.0597 (14)
H18C0.12830.44730.75240.0597 (14)
H20A0.18620.13180.77310.0597 (14)
H20B0.24370.21120.79060.0597 (14)
H20C0.21470.18620.68060.0597 (14)
H210.04990.21140.63470.0597 (14)
H220.08740.09150.68000.0597 (14)
H23A0.05820.09490.84440.0597 (14)
H23B0.00000.02520.79230.0597 (14)
H23C0.05240.10580.82260.0597 (14)
H250.08420.03430.53080.0597 (14)
H26A0.02760.05640.54070.0597 (14)
H26B0.00980.04330.65050.0597 (14)
H26C0.08800.00520.61580.0597 (14)
H27A0.09140.10550.53020.0597 (14)
H27B0.05870.04440.44900.0597 (14)
H29A0.06000.07880.34030.0597 (14)
H29B0.09760.16640.33780.0597 (14)
H29C0.13050.10910.42580.0597 (14)
H30A0.14700.22940.46960.0597 (14)
H30B0.06800.27370.40460.0597 (14)
H30C0.07870.29410.52000.0597 (14)
H310.08320.41920.35320.0597 (14)
H32A0.20750.43000.24410.0597 (14)
H32B0.10940.46750.21250.0597 (14)
H34A0.14290.47220.05910.0597 (14)
H34B0.17410.39450.00020.0597 (14)
H34C0.24550.43610.07640.0597 (14)
H35A0.31490.34800.13010.0597 (14)
H35B0.29860.25880.16470.0597 (14)
H35C0.27820.32950.24150.0597 (14)
H360.01640.40870.10700.0597 (14)
H370.04480.26880.20200.0597 (14)
H38A0.12150.34990.16890.0597 (14)
H38B0.10930.27210.23560.0597 (14)
H38C0.09180.26800.11860.0597 (14)
H3B0.26610.03170.17720.0597 (14)
H6B0.03180.23910.86040.0597 (14)
H7C0.08460.19670.71190.0597 (14)
H12B0.01810.32100.01200.0597 (14)
H14D0.11560.33690.10590.141 (6)
H14E0.16810.30430.02520.141 (6)
H15A0.40350.17370.26250.146 (11)
H15B0.32610.12100.24550.146 (11)
H16B0.17460.22540.05120.101 (8)
H16C0.19400.25850.04180.101 (8)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
C1—N11.467 (7)C21—O71.421 (8)
C1—H1A1.108C21—H211.103
C1—H1B1.099C22—C231.551 (6)
C1—H1C1.100C22—C241.538 (7)
C2—N11.465 (8)C22—H221.099
C2—H2A1.110C23—H23A1.096
C2—H2B1.101C23—H23B1.100
C2—H2C1.099C23—H23C1.098
C3—C41.541 (6)C24—C251.511 (8)
C3—C71.525 (7)C24—O81.224 (8)
C3—N11.480 (7)C25—C261.518 (7)
C3—H3A1.103C25—C271.534 (7)
C4—C51.534 (7)C25—H251.099
C4—O31.407 (8)C26—H26A1.100
C4—H41.111C26—H26B1.101
C5—O11.420 (8)C26—H26C1.100
C5—O21.402 (8)C27—C281.538 (6)
C5—H51.110C27—H27A1.103
C6—C71.508 (7)C27—H27B1.100
C6—C81.500 (7)C28—C291.502 (6)
C6—O11.470 (8)C28—O91.422 (7)
C6—H6A1.103C29—H29A1.097
C7—H7A1.101C29—H29B1.096
C7—H7B1.102C29—H29C1.101
C8—H8A1.101C30—O91.399 (7)
C8—H8B1.101C30—H30A1.107
C8—H8C1.098C30—H30B1.105
C9—C101.556 (7)C30—H30C1.097
C9—C281.553 (6)C31—C321.510 (7)
C9—O21.432 (7)C31—O101.417 (8)
C9—H91.101C31—O131.422 (8)
C10—C111.517 (7)C31—H311.097
C10—C121.545 (8)C32—C331.509 (6)
C10—H101.101C32—H32A1.101
C11—H11A1.096C32—H32B1.100
C11—H11B1.099C33—C341.510 (6)
C11—H11C1.100C33—C361.539 (7)
C12—C131.563 (7)C33—O111.425 (7)
C12—O101.437 (8)C34—H34A1.099
C12—H12A1.097C34—H34B1.097
C13—C141.544 (5)C34—H34C1.100
C13—C151.510 (6)C35—O111.432 (7)
C13—H131.100C35—H35A1.103
C14—H14A1.098C35—H35B1.096
C14—H14B1.100C35—H35C1.098
C14—H14C1.097C36—C371.531 (7)
C15—O41.218 (8)C36—O121.437 (7)
C15—O51.341 (8)C36—H361.110
C16—C171.512 (6)C37—C381.505 (7)
C16—C191.527 (7)C37—O131.447 (8)
C16—O51.468 (8)C37—H371.104
C16—H16A1.099C38—H38A1.102
C17—C181.505 (4)C38—H38B1.100
C17—H17A1.101C38—H38C1.096
C17—H17B1.100O3—H3B0.990
C18—H18A1.100O6—H6B0.979
C18—H18B1.101O7—H7C0.989
C18—H18C1.102O12—H12B0.996
C19—C201.509 (6)O14—H14D0.992
C19—C211.540 (7)O14—H14E0.990
C19—O61.432 (8)O15—H15A0.979
C20—H20A1.099O15—H15B0.980
C20—H20B1.097O16—H16B0.983
C20—H20C1.098O16—H16C0.990
C21—C221.532 (8)
N1—C1—H1A112.9C22—C21—O7108.4 (4)
N1—C1—H1B110.5C22—C21—H21106.8
N1—C1—H1C108.3O7—C21—H21109.8
H1A—C1—H1B108.4C21—C22—C23114.4 (4)
H1A—C1—H1C107.9C21—C22—C24110.1 (4)
H1B—C1—H1C108.7C21—C22—H22107.9
N1—C2—H2A112.7C23—C22—C24106.8 (4)
N1—C2—H2B109.9C23—C22—H22108.9
N1—C2—H2C109.4C24—C22—H22108.7
H2A—C2—H2B107.2C22—C23—H23A110.3
H2A—C2—H2C108.9C22—C23—H23B110.5
H2B—C2—H2C108.6C22—C23—H23C109.8
C4—C3—C7108.7 (4)H23A—C23—H23B108.7
C4—C3—N1108.3 (4)H23A—C23—H23C108.4
C4—C3—H3A107.3H23B—C23—H23C109.0
C7—C3—N1117.4 (4)C22—C24—C25117.9 (5)
C7—C3—H3A108.5C22—C24—O8119.6 (6)
N1—C3—H3A106.3C25—C24—O8121.9 (6)
C3—C4—C5110.3 (4)C24—C25—C26108.0 (4)
C3—C4—O3111.0 (5)C24—C25—C27114.0 (4)
C3—C4—H4107.5C24—C25—H25106.3
C5—C4—O3114.3 (5)C26—C25—C27107.6 (4)
C5—C4—H4104.5C26—C25—H25110.5
O3—C4—H4108.9C27—C25—H25110.5
C4—C5—O1111.0 (5)C25—C26—H26A110.4
C4—C5—O2107.8 (4)C25—C26—H26B113.2
C4—C5—H5109.4C25—C26—H26C111.6
O1—C5—O2110.0 (5)H26A—C26—H26B107.1
O1—C5—H5108.5H26A—C26—H26C106.6
O2—C5—H5110.2H26B—C26—H26C107.6
C7—C6—C8107.8 (4)C25—C27—C28119.2 (4)
C7—C6—O1108.5 (4)C25—C27—H27A108.3
C7—C6—H6A113.1C25—C27—H27B107.0
C8—C6—O1102.9 (4)C28—C27—H27A108.4
C8—C6—H6A113.9C28—C27—H27B107.3
O1—C6—H6A110.1H27A—C27—H27B105.8
C3—C7—C6110.2 (4)C9—C28—C27111.1 (3)
C3—C7—H7A110.1C9—C28—C29108.0 (3)
C3—C7—H7B110.3C9—C28—O9107.7 (4)
C6—C7—H7A108.6C27—C28—C29113.2 (4)
C6—C7—H7B109.6C27—C28—O9105.1 (4)
H7A—C7—H7B108.0C29—C28—O9111.5 (4)
C6—C8—H8A109.4C28—C29—H29A109.8
C6—C8—H8B110.7C28—C29—H29B111.7
C6—C8—H8C112.2C28—C29—H29C110.9
H8A—C8—H8B108.4H29A—C29—H29B106.5
H8A—C8—H8C108.2H29A—C29—H29C109.1
H8B—C8—H8C107.8H29B—C29—H29C108.7
C10—C9—C28113.8 (4)O9—C30—H30A111.7
C10—C9—O2112.3 (4)O9—C30—H30B113.5
C10—C9—H9107.8O9—C30—H30C106.3
C28—C9—O2106.1 (4)H30A—C30—H30B107.9
C28—C9—H9107.6H30A—C30—H30C109.0
O2—C9—H9109.1H30B—C30—H30C108.4
C9—C10—C11109.6 (4)C32—C31—O10109.6 (4)
C9—C10—C12110.5 (4)C32—C31—O13110.9 (4)
C9—C10—H10109.9C32—C31—H31110.2
C11—C10—C12109.0 (4)O10—C31—O13113.0 (5)
C11—C10—H10110.6O10—C31—H31110.2
C12—C10—H10107.2O13—C31—H31102.8
C10—C11—H11A110.8C31—C32—C33115.6 (4)
C10—C11—H11B110.8C31—C32—H32A109.9
C10—C11—H11C111.0C31—C32—H32B106.7
H11A—C11—H11B108.1C33—C32—H32A110.1
H11A—C11—H11C107.5C33—C32—H32B107.7
H11B—C11—H11C108.5H32A—C32—H32B106.3
C10—C12—C13111.8 (4)C32—C33—C34110.4 (4)
C10—C12—O10107.9 (4)C32—C33—C36107.6 (4)
C10—C12—H12A110.4C32—C33—O11113.6 (4)
C13—C12—O10110.9 (4)C34—C33—C36109.1 (4)
C13—C12—H12A107.6C34—C33—O11109.5 (4)
O10—C12—H12A108.2C36—C33—O11106.4 (4)
C12—C13—C14116.3 (4)C33—C34—H34A110.2
C12—C13—C15111.1 (4)C33—C34—H34B110.1
C12—C13—H13107.2C33—C34—H34C111.4
C14—C13—C15107.6 (4)H34A—C34—H34B108.8
C14—C13—H13106.4H34A—C34—H34C107.2
C15—C13—H13107.8H34B—C34—H34C109.1
C13—C14—H14A109.9O11—C35—H35A111.8
C13—C14—H14B109.0O11—C35—H35B106.0
C13—C14—H14C111.8O11—C35—H35C110.8
H14A—C14—H14B107.9H35A—C35—H35B108.3
H14A—C14—H14C110.4H35A—C35—H35C110.2
H14B—C14—H14C107.7H35B—C35—H35C109.7
C13—C15—O4126.2 (6)C33—C36—C37110.4 (4)
C13—C15—O5108.8 (5)C33—C36—O12113.8 (4)
O4—C15—O5125.1 (6)C33—C36—H36105.4
C17—C16—C19115.5 (4)C37—C36—O12109.6 (4)
C17—C16—O5106.4 (4)C37—C36—H36107.4
C17—C16—H16A109.2O12—C36—H36109.9
C19—C16—O5108.7 (4)C36—C37—C38113.8 (4)
C19—C16—H16A109.2C36—C37—O13111.4 (4)
O5—C16—H16A107.7C36—C37—H37106.7
C16—C17—C18111.2 (3)C38—C37—O13106.7 (4)
C16—C17—H17A110.5C38—C37—H37109.5
C16—C17—H17B107.4O13—C37—H37108.7
C18—C17—H17A110.1C37—C38—H38A110.7
C18—C17—H17B110.9C37—C38—H38B109.9
H17A—C17—H17B106.6C37—C38—H38C110.5
C17—C18—H18A111.5H38A—C38—H38B108.7
C17—C18—H18B111.1H38A—C38—H38C108.5
C17—C18—H18C111.4H38B—C38—H38C108.5
H18A—C18—H18B107.4C1—N1—C2112.4 (5)
H18A—C18—H18C107.5C1—N1—C3115.9 (5)
H18B—C18—H18C107.7C2—N1—C3109.4 (5)
C16—C19—C20109.7 (4)C5—O1—C6111.1 (5)
C16—C19—C21108.4 (4)C5—O2—C9117.1 (5)
C16—C19—O6109.6 (4)C4—O3—H3B101.9
C20—C19—C21112.6 (4)C15—O5—C16116.2 (6)
C20—C19—O6105.7 (4)C19—O6—H6B107.7
C21—C19—O6110.8 (4)C21—O7—H7C105.7
C19—C20—H20A110.7C28—O9—C30117.7 (5)
C19—C20—H20B110.2C12—O10—C31114.8 (5)
C19—C20—H20C111.2C33—O11—C35118.4 (5)
H20A—C20—H20B107.5C36—O12—H12B109.3
H20A—C20—H20C108.8C31—O13—C37115.7 (5)
H20B—C20—H20C108.4H14D—O14—H14E106.9
C19—C21—C22117.5 (4)H15A—O15—H15B108.4
C19—C21—O7106.8 (4)H16B—O16—H16C104.6
C19—C21—H21107.3

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC38H69NO13·3H2O
Mr801.99
Crystal system, space groupOrthorhombic, P212121
Temperature (K)298
a, b, c (Å)15.70980 (17), 18.8926 (2), 15.03575 (16)
V3)4462.60 (8)
Z4
Radiation typeSynchrotron, λ = 1.3000 Å
µ (mm1)0.44
Specimen shape, size (mm)Cylinder, 3.0 × 0.3
Data collection
DiffractometerBL-19B2 Debye–Scherrer camera
diffractometer
Specimen mountingCapillary
Data collection modeTransmission
Scan methodStationary detector
2θ values (°)2θfixed = ?
Refinement
R factors and goodness of fitRp = 0.015, Rwp = 0.019, Rexp = 0.016, RBragg = 0.625, χ2 = 1.423
No. of data points6201
No. of parameters431
No. of restraints362
H-atom treatmentH-atom parameters not refined

Computer programs: local software (Osaka et al., 2010; Takata et al., 2002), TOPAS (Coelho, 2007), local software (Takata et al., 2002), Collaborative Computational Project, Number 4 (1994), TOPAS-Academic 4.1 (Coelho, 2007), Mercury (Macrae et al., 2008), Crimson Editor (Reference required).

Results of Rietveld refinements as a monohydrate, as a trihydrate (1) with the original stereochemistry and as a trihydrate (2) after correction of the stereochemistry of the clarithromycin molecule top
ParameterMonohydrateTrihydrate (1)Trihydrate (2)
Rwp4.92.11.9
Goodness-of-fit3.01.31.2
Occupancy O150.00.990.99
Occupancy O160.01.041.18
Global Biso3.94.43.9
Biso O15N/A4.49.6
Biso O16N/A4.16.7
Maximum z-score bonds7.451.4
Maximum z-score angles3.283.4
 

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