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If the crystallites making up a diffractometer specimen have a number-average size 〈p〉, and the distribution function of crystallite sizes has a variance Wp and skewness γp, the crystallite size obtained from the slope of the variance-range curve will be

p_1 = {\langle p \rangle^{3} + 3\langle p \rangle W_{\scriptstyle p} + \gamma _{\scriptstyle p}W_{{\scriptstyle p}^{3/2}}}\over{ \langle p \rangle^{2} + W_{\scriptstyle p}}

and that obtained from the intercept will be

p_2 = \{\langle p \rangle^{2} + 3 W_{\scriptstyle p} + \gamma _{\scriptstyle p}W_{{\scriptstyle p}^{3/2}}\langle p \rangle ^{-1}\}^{1/2}.

Even when Wp and γp are unknown these equations set an upper limit of p22/p1 to 〈p〉; for Langford's submicron nickel this limit is 121 Å.

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