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The title compound, C21H16O3, is a key intermediate in the design of chiral amines. It is composed of three benzene rings and two other six-membered rings with a common chiral C atom. Racemic dimers are generated by C—H...O hydrogen bonds, formed by phenyl C—H groups and carbonyl O atoms.

Supporting information

cif

Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536802006414/bt6134sup1.cif
Contains datablocks global, I

hkl

Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S1600536802006414/bt6134Isup2.hkl
Contains datablock I

CCDC reference: 185784

Key indicators

  • Single-crystal X-ray study
  • T = 293 K
  • Mean [sigma](C-C) = 0.003 Å
  • R factor = 0.049
  • wR factor = 0.178
  • Data-to-parameter ratio = 14.5

checkCIF results

No syntax errors found

ADDSYM reports no extra symmetry








Comment top

Chiral amines are useful resolving agents, chiral building blocks and chiral auxiliaries in important stereoselective organic synthesis, such as asymmetric reduction, asymmetric epoxidation, asymmetric addition, asymmetric condensation, and resolution of racemic compounds. (Aldous et al., 2000; Kawamoto & Wills, 2000; Hashihayata et al., 1997; Dai et al., 2000; Enders & Ullrich, 2000). The title compound, (I), is a key intermediate for chiral amines that we are designing for potential use as chiral additives and auxiliaries in asymmetric synthesis. Information on the crystal structure (I) is useful for studying the stereoselection of its reductive amination reaction. Compound (I) was obtained by reduction of 1-oxo-13c-propoxy-1,13c-dihydrodibenzo[a,kl]xanthene(Tan et al., 2001) with hydrogen under Pd/C catalysis. The reduction reaction takes place at room temperature in high yield. The structure of (I) was also confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR and FAB-MS spectroscopic analysis. As shown in Fig. 1, (I) is composed of five fused rings, with the methoxy group attached to a chiral C atom. The three aromatic rings are almost coplanar, while the six-membered ring adopts a twisted boat conformation, with the methoxy and carbonyl groups pointing in opposite directions from the phenyl plane. Weak intermolecular C—H···O hydrogen bonds formed by phenyl C—H groups and the carbonyl O atoms create racemic dimers which pack along the a axis, as shown in Fig. 2.

Experimental top

Compound (I) was obtained by reduction of 1-oxo-13c-methoxy-1,13c-dihydrodibenzo[a,kl]xanthene, (II), in ethyl acetate in the presence of hydrogen under Pd/C catalysis. (I) was the main product in a yield of 90%. A single-crystal suitable for X-ray analysis was recrystallized from methanol (m.p. 427–428 K). νmax: 1727, 1581, 1456, 1267, 1066. δH (300 MHz in acetone/TMS): 2.61 (dt, J = 9.0 Hz, 17.7 Hz, 1H, –CH2), 2.80 (s, 3H, OCH3), 3.06 (dd, J = 8.4 Hz, 15.6 Hz 1H, –CH2), 3.29 (dd, J = 9.0 Hz, 17.7 Hz, 1H, –CH2), 3.88 (dt, J = 8.7 Hz, 15.9 Hz, 1H, –CH2), 7.13–7.17 (m, 2H, H4, H6), 7.35 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H, H9), 7.42–7.47 (m, 3H, H5, H10, H13), 7.88–7.91 (m, 1H, H11), 7.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H, H8), 8.09–8.12 (m, 1H, H12). δC (300 MHz): 28.36 (CH2), 30.52 (CH2), 50.60 (OCH3), 79.14 (13c-C), 109.28, 114.82, 116.95, 118.02, 123.86, 125.23, 126.85, 128.12, 129.20, 131.64, 131.92, 132.47, 133.29, 141.57, 152.09, 152.50, 203.08 (CO). FAB–MS m/z (%): 317 (M+ + 1, 22), 316 (M+, 18), 285 (M+ –OCH3, 58).

Refinement top

All H atoms were placed in calculated positions and refined as riding atoms.

Computing details top

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1998); cell refinement: SMART; data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 1999); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Bruker, 1998); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecular structure of (I) showing 30% probability displacement ellipsoids.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. The packing arrangement of (I) viewed along the a axis.
1-oxo-13c-methoxy-1,13c-dihydrodibenzo[a,kl]-xanthene top
Crystal data top
C21H16O3Dx = 1.354 Mg m3
Mr = 316.34Melting point: 427-428K K
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
a = 7.736 (4) ÅCell parameters from 843 reflections
b = 11.104 (6) Åθ = 3.9–24.9°
c = 18.183 (9) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
β = 96.570 (11)°T = 293 K
V = 1551.6 (14) Å3Column, colorless
Z = 40.45 × 0.30 × 0.15 mm
F(000) = 664
Data collection top
Bruker SMART1000 CCD
diffractometer
3166 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube1817 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.032
ϕ and ω scansθmax = 26.4°, θmin = 2.2°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996; Blessing, 1995)
h = 89
Tmin = 0.961, Tmax = 0.987k = 1113
8639 measured reflectionsl = 2219
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.049H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
wR(F2) = 0.178 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.1064P)2 + 0.0469P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.01(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
3166 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.19 e Å3
218 parametersΔρmin = 0.18 e Å3
0 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXL97, Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.017 (3)
Crystal data top
C21H16O3V = 1551.6 (14) Å3
Mr = 316.34Z = 4
Monoclinic, P21/nMo Kα radiation
a = 7.736 (4) ŵ = 0.09 mm1
b = 11.104 (6) ÅT = 293 K
c = 18.183 (9) Å0.45 × 0.30 × 0.15 mm
β = 96.570 (11)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART1000 CCD
diffractometer
3166 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996; Blessing, 1995)
1817 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.961, Tmax = 0.987Rint = 0.032
8639 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0490 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.178H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.01Δρmax = 0.19 e Å3
3166 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.18 e Å3
218 parameters
Special details top

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
O10.51108 (19)0.89425 (14)0.24474 (8)0.0534 (4)
O20.02682 (18)0.84231 (13)0.29130 (8)0.0463 (4)
O30.1503 (2)1.11628 (15)0.35660 (9)0.0628 (5)
C10.3752 (3)0.9294 (2)0.19416 (12)0.0485 (6)
C20.4122 (4)0.9473 (2)0.12249 (14)0.0628 (7)
H2A0.52130.92810.10890.075*
C30.2847 (4)0.9942 (3)0.07145 (14)0.0738 (8)
H3A0.30921.00840.02330.089*
C40.1214 (4)1.0204 (2)0.09044 (14)0.0666 (7)
H4A0.03791.05380.05550.080*
C50.0814 (3)0.9972 (2)0.16133 (12)0.0513 (6)
C60.2114 (3)0.94939 (18)0.21410 (11)0.0436 (5)
C70.1668 (3)0.92797 (18)0.29168 (11)0.0418 (5)
C80.0826 (3)1.04767 (19)0.31029 (13)0.0470 (6)
C90.0833 (3)1.0780 (2)0.26218 (13)0.0553 (6)
H9A0.09251.16480.25740.066*
H9B0.18131.05020.28650.066*
C100.0951 (3)1.0222 (2)0.18475 (14)0.0602 (7)
H10A0.16040.94760.18430.072*
H10B0.15771.07670.14950.072*
C110.0695 (3)0.7243 (2)0.27040 (14)0.0585 (7)
H11A0.02990.67280.27170.088*
H11B0.16420.69440.30410.088*
H11C0.10290.72550.22120.088*
C120.4830 (3)0.87999 (19)0.31825 (12)0.0456 (5)
C130.3243 (3)0.89315 (18)0.34337 (11)0.0423 (5)
C140.3144 (3)0.86835 (19)0.42057 (12)0.0461 (6)
C150.1566 (3)0.8709 (2)0.45268 (13)0.0555 (6)
H15A0.05450.89300.42380.067*
C160.1507 (4)0.8417 (3)0.52522 (14)0.0675 (7)
H16A0.04480.84320.54480.081*
C170.3016 (4)0.8095 (3)0.57033 (14)0.0732 (8)
H17A0.29580.78850.61950.088*
C180.4574 (4)0.8088 (2)0.54223 (13)0.0669 (7)
H18A0.55840.79000.57290.080*
C190.4669 (3)0.8364 (2)0.46712 (12)0.0525 (6)
C200.6268 (3)0.8297 (2)0.43747 (14)0.0592 (7)
H20A0.72770.81150.46830.071*
C210.6353 (3)0.8497 (2)0.36420 (14)0.0544 (6)
H21A0.74090.84330.34470.065*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
O10.0425 (9)0.0641 (10)0.0552 (10)0.0017 (7)0.0122 (7)0.0012 (8)
O20.0355 (8)0.0410 (8)0.0625 (10)0.0030 (6)0.0060 (7)0.0002 (7)
O30.0617 (11)0.0549 (10)0.0720 (11)0.0019 (8)0.0088 (9)0.0165 (8)
C10.0460 (13)0.0479 (13)0.0521 (13)0.0032 (10)0.0081 (11)0.0044 (10)
C20.0648 (17)0.0718 (17)0.0538 (15)0.0064 (13)0.0159 (13)0.0040 (12)
C30.086 (2)0.089 (2)0.0483 (15)0.0110 (17)0.0125 (15)0.0017 (14)
C40.0745 (19)0.0727 (18)0.0503 (15)0.0052 (14)0.0021 (13)0.0044 (12)
C50.0533 (14)0.0467 (13)0.0524 (14)0.0041 (11)0.0001 (11)0.0000 (10)
C60.0463 (13)0.0394 (11)0.0451 (12)0.0041 (9)0.0052 (10)0.0029 (9)
C70.0379 (11)0.0388 (12)0.0491 (12)0.0037 (9)0.0066 (9)0.0021 (9)
C80.0426 (12)0.0428 (13)0.0573 (14)0.0036 (10)0.0126 (10)0.0007 (10)
C90.0485 (14)0.0471 (13)0.0701 (16)0.0069 (10)0.0061 (11)0.0054 (11)
C100.0501 (15)0.0546 (15)0.0730 (17)0.0007 (11)0.0053 (12)0.0047 (12)
C110.0565 (15)0.0411 (13)0.0767 (17)0.0043 (11)0.0023 (12)0.0060 (12)
C120.0434 (13)0.0439 (12)0.0498 (13)0.0013 (10)0.0065 (10)0.0011 (10)
C130.0367 (11)0.0421 (12)0.0485 (12)0.0003 (9)0.0063 (9)0.0031 (9)
C140.0435 (13)0.0462 (13)0.0482 (13)0.0024 (10)0.0034 (10)0.0050 (10)
C150.0522 (14)0.0652 (16)0.0494 (14)0.0017 (11)0.0070 (11)0.0020 (11)
C160.0667 (17)0.084 (2)0.0541 (15)0.0009 (14)0.0160 (13)0.0021 (13)
C170.085 (2)0.087 (2)0.0476 (15)0.0007 (16)0.0074 (14)0.0016 (13)
C180.0710 (19)0.0742 (18)0.0522 (16)0.0011 (14)0.0081 (13)0.0025 (13)
C190.0508 (14)0.0537 (14)0.0514 (14)0.0009 (11)0.0015 (11)0.0045 (10)
C200.0440 (13)0.0633 (16)0.0675 (17)0.0005 (11)0.0059 (12)0.0020 (12)
C210.0380 (13)0.0563 (15)0.0687 (17)0.0006 (10)0.0053 (11)0.0026 (12)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
O1—C11.372 (3)C10—H10A0.9700
O1—C121.388 (3)C10—H10B0.9700
O2—C111.414 (3)C11—H11A0.9600
O2—C71.441 (2)C11—H11B0.9600
O3—C81.209 (3)C11—H11C0.9600
C1—C61.375 (3)C12—C131.366 (3)
C1—C21.380 (3)C12—C211.405 (3)
C2—C31.377 (4)C13—C141.441 (3)
C2—H2A0.9300C14—C151.413 (3)
C3—C41.378 (4)C14—C191.416 (3)
C3—H3A0.9300C15—C161.364 (3)
C4—C51.384 (3)C15—H15A0.9300
C4—H4A0.9300C16—C171.394 (4)
C5—C61.412 (3)C16—H16A0.9300
C5—C101.502 (3)C17—C181.362 (4)
C6—C71.509 (3)C17—H17A0.9300
C7—C131.502 (3)C18—C191.410 (3)
C7—C81.535 (3)C18—H18A0.9300
C8—C91.506 (3)C19—C201.406 (3)
C9—C101.531 (3)C20—C211.360 (3)
C9—H9A0.9700C20—H20A0.9300
C9—H9B0.9700C21—H21A0.9300
C1—O1—C12119.08 (17)C9—C10—H10B109.2
C11—O2—C7114.51 (16)H10A—C10—H10B107.9
O1—C1—C6121.8 (2)O2—C11—H11A109.5
O1—C1—C2116.6 (2)O2—C11—H11B109.5
C6—C1—C2121.5 (2)H11A—C11—H11B109.5
C3—C2—C1118.7 (3)O2—C11—H11C109.5
C3—C2—H2A120.6H11A—C11—H11C109.5
C1—C2—H2A120.6H11B—C11—H11C109.5
C2—C3—C4121.2 (2)C13—C12—O1123.75 (19)
C2—C3—H3A119.4C13—C12—C21123.5 (2)
C4—C3—H3A119.4O1—C12—C21112.78 (19)
C3—C4—C5120.2 (3)C12—C13—C14117.06 (19)
C3—C4—H4A119.9C12—C13—C7120.95 (19)
C5—C4—H4A119.9C14—C13—C7121.96 (18)
C4—C5—C6119.0 (2)C15—C14—C19117.3 (2)
C4—C5—C10122.5 (2)C15—C14—C13122.9 (2)
C6—C5—C10118.5 (2)C19—C14—C13119.8 (2)
C1—C6—C5119.2 (2)C16—C15—C14121.4 (2)
C1—C6—C7122.51 (19)C16—C15—H15A119.3
C5—C6—C7118.2 (2)C14—C15—H15A119.3
O2—C7—C13112.86 (16)C15—C16—C17120.8 (3)
O2—C7—C6110.61 (16)C15—C16—H16A119.6
C13—C7—C6111.69 (18)C17—C16—H16A119.6
O2—C7—C8103.61 (16)C18—C17—C16119.9 (2)
C13—C7—C8114.79 (17)C18—C17—H17A120.1
C6—C7—C8102.58 (16)C16—C17—H17A120.1
O3—C8—C9122.4 (2)C17—C18—C19120.6 (2)
O3—C8—C7122.6 (2)C17—C18—H18A119.7
C9—C8—C7114.85 (18)C19—C18—H18A119.7
C8—C9—C10113.63 (19)C20—C19—C18120.4 (2)
C8—C9—H9A108.8C20—C19—C14119.5 (2)
C10—C9—H9A108.8C18—C19—C14120.1 (2)
C8—C9—H9B108.8C21—C20—C19120.7 (2)
C10—C9—H9B108.8C21—C20—H20A119.7
H9A—C9—H9B107.7C19—C20—H20A119.7
C5—C10—C9112.0 (2)C20—C21—C12119.4 (2)
C5—C10—H10A109.2C20—C21—H21A120.3
C9—C10—H10A109.2C12—C21—H21A120.3
C5—C10—H10B109.2
C12—O1—C1—C60.9 (3)C6—C5—C10—C941.0 (3)
C12—O1—C1—C2177.24 (19)C8—C9—C10—C525.1 (3)
O1—C1—C2—C3173.6 (2)C1—O1—C12—C133.4 (3)
C6—C1—C2—C34.5 (4)C1—O1—C12—C21177.01 (19)
C1—C2—C3—C41.5 (4)O1—C12—C13—C14176.40 (18)
C2—C3—C4—C51.5 (4)C21—C12—C13—C143.1 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C61.6 (4)O1—C12—C13—C71.6 (3)
C3—C4—C5—C10179.1 (2)C21—C12—C13—C7178.86 (19)
O1—C1—C6—C5173.61 (19)O2—C7—C13—C12123.1 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C54.4 (3)C6—C7—C13—C122.2 (3)
O1—C1—C6—C73.3 (3)C8—C7—C13—C12118.5 (2)
C2—C1—C6—C7178.67 (19)O2—C7—C13—C1454.8 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C11.3 (3)C6—C7—C13—C14179.84 (18)
C10—C5—C6—C1178.01 (19)C8—C7—C13—C1463.6 (3)
C4—C5—C6—C7178.3 (2)C12—C13—C14—C15175.8 (2)
C10—C5—C6—C71.0 (3)C7—C13—C14—C152.2 (3)
C11—O2—C7—C1359.2 (2)C12—C13—C14—C192.3 (3)
C11—O2—C7—C666.7 (2)C7—C13—C14—C19179.69 (19)
C11—O2—C7—C8176.02 (17)C19—C14—C15—C161.2 (3)
C1—C6—C7—O2122.0 (2)C13—C14—C15—C16177.0 (2)
C5—C6—C7—O261.1 (2)C14—C15—C16—C170.7 (4)
C1—C6—C7—C134.6 (3)C15—C16—C17—C181.0 (4)
C5—C6—C7—C13172.28 (18)C16—C17—C18—C192.2 (4)
C1—C6—C7—C8128.1 (2)C17—C18—C19—C20176.8 (2)
C5—C6—C7—C848.8 (2)C17—C18—C19—C141.7 (4)
O2—C7—C8—O3132.9 (2)C15—C14—C19—C20178.5 (2)
C13—C7—C8—O39.4 (3)C13—C14—C19—C200.2 (3)
C6—C7—C8—O3111.9 (2)C15—C14—C19—C180.0 (3)
O2—C7—C8—C951.9 (2)C13—C14—C19—C18178.2 (2)
C13—C7—C8—C9175.41 (18)C18—C19—C20—C21176.3 (2)
C6—C7—C8—C963.2 (2)C14—C19—C20—C212.2 (4)
O3—C8—C9—C10147.9 (2)C19—C20—C21—C121.5 (4)
C7—C8—C9—C1027.2 (3)C13—C12—C21—C201.3 (3)
C4—C5—C10—C9138.3 (2)O1—C12—C21—C20178.3 (2)

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC21H16O3
Mr316.34
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/n
Temperature (K)293
a, b, c (Å)7.736 (4), 11.104 (6), 18.183 (9)
β (°) 96.570 (11)
V3)1551.6 (14)
Z4
Radiation typeMo Kα
µ (mm1)0.09
Crystal size (mm)0.45 × 0.30 × 0.15
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART1000 CCD
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 1996; Blessing, 1995)
Tmin, Tmax0.961, 0.987
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
8639, 3166, 1817
Rint0.032
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.625
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.049, 0.178, 1.01
No. of reflections3166
No. of parameters218
H-atom treatmentH atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.19, 0.18

Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1998), SMART, SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 1999), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), SHELXTL (Bruker, 1998), SHELXTL.

 

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