Experimental and theoretical characterization of the Zn—Zn bond in [Zn₂(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂]

The existence and characterization of a bond between the Zn atoms in the recently synthesized complex [Zn₂(η⁵-C₅Me₅)₂], as well as between Zn and ligand C atoms is firmly based on neutron diffraction and low-temperature X-ray synchrotron diffraction experiments. The multipolar analysis of the experimental electron density and its topological analysis by means of the `Atoms in Molecules' (AIM) approach reveals details of the Zn—Zn bond, such as its open-shell intermediate character (the results are consistent with a typical metal–metal single bond), as well as many other topological properties of the compound. Experimental results are also compared with theoretical ab initio calculations of the DFT (density functional theory) and MP2 (Møller-Plesset perturbation theory) electron densities, giving a coherent view of the bonding in the complex. For instance, charges calculated from the AIM approach applied to the atomic basin of each Zn atom are, on average, +0.72 e from both the experimental and the theoretical electron density, showing a moderate charge transfer from the metal, confirmed by the calculated topological indexes.

Computing details

Data collection: CrysAlis CCD, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.31.5 (release 28-08-2006 CrysAlis171 .NET) (compiled Aug 28 2006,13:05:05) for znzn; LAUEGEN for zn-zn. Cell refinement: CrysAlis RED, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.31.5 (release 28-08-2006 CrysAlis171 .NET) (compiled Aug 28 2006,13:05:05) for znzn. Data reduction: CrysAlis RED, Oxford Diffraction Ltd., Version 1.171.31.5 (release 28-08-2006 CrysAlis171 .NET) (compiled Aug 28 2006,13:05:05)

SORTAV (Blessing, 1989) for znzn; ARGONNE BOXES for zn-zn. Program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1997) for znzn. Program(s) used to refine structure: XD2006 (Volkov et al., 2006) for znzn; SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997) for zn-zn. Molecular graphics: XD2006 (Volkov et al., 2006) for znzn; SHELXTL for zn-zn. Software used to prepare material for publication: XD2006 (Volkov et al., 2006) for znzn; SHELXTL for zn-zn.

Figures

(znzn) bis(η⁵-Pentamethyl-cyclopentadienyl)-di-zinc(i)

Crystal data

C20H30Zn2	Z = 2
Mr = 401.18	F(000) = 420
Triclinic, P1	Dx = 1.399 Mg m^−3
a = 6.9115 (6) Å	Synchrotron radiation, λ = 0.71000 Å
b = 10.8895 (14) Å	Cell parameters from 5456 reflections
c = 13.8927 (14) Å	θ = 3.0–29.3°
α = 109.908 (10)°	µ = 2.51 mm^−1
β = 101.551 (8)°	T = 100 K
γ = 93.905 (9)°	Plate, colourless
V = 952.61 (18) Å^3	0.70 × 0.70 × 0.05 mm

Data collection

CCD area detector diffractometer	12354 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Radiation source: ESRF BM01A	Rint = 0.054
phi and ω scans	θmax = 43.5°, θmin = 2.0°
Absorption correction: multi-scan SADABS	h = −13→14
Tmin = 0.272, Tmax = 0.881	k = −23→21
57003 measured reflections	l = 0→30
13873 independent reflections

Refinement

Refinement on F	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F^2 > 2σ(F^2)] = 0.036	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F^2) = 0.040	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.10	w = 1/[σ^2(Fo)]
11249 reflections	(Δ/σ)max = 0.047
782 parameters	Δρmax = 0.59 e Å^−3
0 restraints	Δρmin = −0.48 e Å^−3
132 constraints

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq	Occ. (<1)
ZN(1)	0.66367 (5)	0.27955 (5)	0.68212 (4)	0.015
ZN(2)	0.85430 (5)	0.20952 (6)	0.80545 (5)	0.015
C(1)	0.49605 (18)	0.23498 (13)	0.51129 (12)	0.014
C(2)	0.63474 (17)	0.35452 (15)	0.54645 (13)	0.016
C(3)	0.57612 (19)	0.45008 (13)	0.63106 (13)	0.017
C(4)	0.39994 (19)	0.39082 (14)	0.64894 (13)	0.016
C(5)	0.35141 (16)	0.25743 (13)	0.57420 (12)	0.015
C(6)	1.02717 (19)	0.05026 (14)	0.83802 (13)	0.016
C(7)	1.16296 (17)	0.17117 (15)	0.87361 (13)	0.017
C(8)	1.09987 (19)	0.26642 (14)	0.95679 (13)	0.018
C(9)	0.9244 (2)	0.20495 (15)	0.97326 (13)	0.017
C(10)	0.88000 (18)	0.07077 (14)	0.89965 (12)	0.016
C(11)	0.4919 (2)	0.11218 (16)	0.41860 (14)	0.025
C(12)	0.79679 (19)	0.38145 (19)	0.49524 (15)	0.028
C(13)	0.6709 (2)	0.59243 (14)	0.68411 (15)	0.03
C(14)	0.2830 (3)	0.4594 (2)	0.72592 (16)	0.026
C(15)	0.17041 (17)	0.16067 (15)	0.55781 (13)	0.023
C(16)	1.0476 (3)	−0.07690 (18)	0.75540 (17)	0.027
C(17)	1.34887 (18)	0.18959 (18)	0.83661 (15)	0.026
C(18)	1.2115 (3)	0.40205 (16)	1.02274 (15)	0.031
C(19)	0.8207 (3)	0.2665 (2)	1.05834 (16)	0.029
C(20)	0.72291 (18)	−0.03391 (15)	0.89724 (13)	0.023
H(11A)	0.615799	0.122606	0.387484	0.036*
H(11B)	0.359902	0.096723	0.360643	0.036*
H(11C)	0.496263	0.030938	0.442953	0.036*
H(12A)	0.808365	0.294254	0.435193	0.047*
H(12B)	0.93309	0.415286	0.551929	0.047*
H(12C)	0.762135	0.45396	0.4632	0.047*
H(13A)	0.60062	0.640921	0.743861	0.041*
H(13B)	0.655698	0.638277	0.628229	0.041*
H(13C)	0.823163	0.597377	0.716822	0.041*
H(14A)	0.355469	0.556065	0.770214	0.04*	0.1177
H(14B)	0.271258	0.407687	0.776424	0.04*	0.1177
H(14C)	0.139601	0.462541	0.684809	0.04*	0.1177
H(14D)	0.155362	0.394965	0.717327	0.04*	0.8823
H(14E)	0.239379	0.542963	0.711146	0.04*	0.8823
H(14F)	0.371587	0.488364	0.802975	0.04*	0.8823
H(15A)	0.090395	0.202017	0.614771	0.036*	0.6691
H(15B)	0.215736	0.073625	0.565246	0.036*	0.6691
H(15C)	0.078582	0.138703	0.482333	0.036*	0.6691
H(15D)	0.166269	0.074058	0.493453	0.036*	0.3309
H(15E)	0.04069	0.202726	0.54314	0.036*	0.3309
H(15F)	0.177756	0.137559	0.625757	0.036*	0.3309
H(16A)	1.168312	−0.061042	0.72358	0.041*	0.2798
H(16B)	0.91589	−0.109842	0.695317	0.041*	0.2798
H(16C)	1.072093	−0.14845	0.789716	0.041*	0.2798
H(16D)	0.935977	−0.151708	0.748709	0.041*	0.7202
H(16E)	1.188607	−0.103088	0.777237	0.041*	0.7202
H(16F)	1.03171	−0.064534	0.682672	0.041*	0.7202
H(17A)	1.356705	0.103259	0.77469	0.044*
H(17B)	1.47445	0.209474	0.899264	0.044*
H(17C)	1.345351	0.269167	0.810229	0.044*
H(18A)	1.132892	0.451856	1.077935	0.042*
H(18B)	1.227138	0.455188	0.97365	0.042*
H(18C)	1.35395	0.394376	1.062098	0.042*
H(19A)	0.884839	0.365642	1.099382	0.047*	0.2994
H(19B)	0.835746	0.21584	1.110954	0.047*	0.2994
H(19C)	0.668637	0.261652	1.025194	0.047*	0.2994
H(19D)	0.708066	0.196342	1.057704	0.047*	0.7006
H(19E)	0.757211	0.346407	1.046096	0.047*	0.7006
H(19F)	0.923942	0.300389	1.131732	0.047*	0.7006
H(20A)	0.636039	0.008457	0.950368	0.038*
H(20B)	0.791865	−0.107285	0.917917	0.038*
H(20C)	0.630656	−0.076661	0.820856	0.038*

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U^11	U^22	U^33	U^12	U^13	U^23
ZN(1)	0.01471 (11)	0.01646 (12)	0.01633 (14)	0.00333 (12)	0.00233 (13)	0.01069 (14)
ZN(2)	0.01384 (10)	0.01789 (12)	0.01625 (14)	0.00391 (12)	0.00263 (12)	0.01101 (14)
C(1)	0.0159 (4)	0.0139 (4)	0.0142 (5)	0.0029 (3)	0.0033 (4)	0.0060 (4)
C(2)	0.0139 (3)	0.0195 (5)	0.0194 (5)	0.0004 (4)	0.0027 (4)	0.0123 (5)
C(3)	0.0181 (4)	0.0125 (4)	0.0198 (6)	−0.0004 (3)	−0.0009 (4)	0.0074 (5)
C(4)	0.0166 (4)	0.0166 (5)	0.0163 (6)	0.0046 (4)	0.0032 (4)	0.0070 (5)
C(5)	0.0123 (3)	0.0152 (4)	0.0167 (5)	0.0001 (3)	0.0016 (4)	0.0074 (4)
C(6)	0.0168 (4)	0.0157 (5)	0.0168 (6)	0.0053 (4)	0.0049 (4)	0.0079 (5)
C(7)	0.0124 (3)	0.0215 (5)	0.0198 (6)	0.0031 (4)	0.0036 (4)	0.0120 (5)
C(8)	0.0179 (4)	0.0174 (5)	0.0183 (6)	−0.0007 (4)	−0.0014 (4)	0.0088 (5)
C(9)	0.0180 (4)	0.0198 (5)	0.0148 (5)	0.0054 (4)	0.0052 (4)	0.0080 (5)
C(10)	0.0158 (4)	0.0175 (5)	0.0176 (5)	0.0019 (4)	0.0035 (4)	0.0102 (5)
C(11)	0.0325 (6)	0.0208 (5)	0.0185 (7)	0.0086 (5)	0.0040 (6)	0.0048 (6)
C(12)	0.0171 (4)	0.0442 (8)	0.0342 (8)	0.0024 (5)	0.0076 (5)	0.0291 (8)
C(13)	0.0344 (6)	0.0150 (5)	0.0330 (8)	−0.0046 (5)	−0.0095 (6)	0.0106 (6)
C(14)	0.0282 (6)	0.0327 (7)	0.0195 (7)	0.0148 (6)	0.0068 (6)	0.0092 (7)
C(15)	0.0142 (3)	0.0261 (6)	0.0284 (7)	−0.0034 (4)	0.0011 (4)	0.0146 (6)
C(16)	0.0321 (6)	0.0222 (6)	0.0278 (8)	0.0110 (6)	0.0083 (7)	0.0078 (7)
C(17)	0.0142 (4)	0.0387 (8)	0.0333 (8)	0.0053 (5)	0.0078 (5)	0.0231 (7)
C(18)	0.0340 (6)	0.0212 (6)	0.0266 (8)	−0.0046 (5)	−0.0076 (6)	0.0057 (6)
C(19)	0.0351 (7)	0.0382 (9)	0.0187 (7)	0.0117 (7)	0.0120 (6)	0.0107 (8)
C(20)	0.0189 (4)	0.0269 (6)	0.0298 (7)	−0.0010 (4)	0.0037 (5)	0.0190 (6)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

ZN(1)—ZN(2)	2.3186 (3)	C(14)—H(14C)	1.0495 (14)
C(1)—C(2)	1.4358 (15)	C(14)—H(14D)	1.0495 (19)
C(1)—C(5)	1.436 (2)	C(14)—H(14E)	1.0495 (17)
C(1)—C(11)	1.502 (3)	C(14)—H(14F)	1.0495 (15)
C(2)—C(3)	1.430 (3)	C(15)—H(15A)	1.050 (2)
C(2)—C(12)	1.504 (2)	C(15)—H(15B)	1.0495 (14)
C(3)—C(4)	1.444 (2)	C(15)—H(15C)	1.0495 (12)
C(3)—C(13)	1.5051 (17)	C(15)—H(15D)	1.0495 (19)
C(4)—C(5)	1.438 (2)	C(15)—H(15E)	1.0495 (14)
C(4)—C(14)	1.496 (3)	C(15)—H(15F)	1.0495 (14)
C(5)—C(15)	1.5066 (14)	C(16)—H(16A)	1.049 (2)
C(6)—C(7)	1.4357 (16)	C(16)—H(16B)	1.0495 (14)
C(6)—C(10)	1.438 (2)	C(16)—H(16C)	1.0495 (15)
C(6)—C(16)	1.505 (3)	C(16)—H(16D)	1.0495 (17)
C(7)—C(8)	1.431 (3)	C(16)—H(16E)	1.0495 (17)
C(7)—C(17)	1.502 (2)	C(16)—H(16F)	1.049 (2)
C(8)—C(9)	1.441 (2)	C(17)—H(17A)	1.049 (2)
C(8)—C(18)	1.5022 (19)	C(17)—H(17B)	1.0495 (11)
C(9)—C(10)	1.439 (2)	C(17)—H(17C)	1.0495 (13)
C(9)—C(19)	1.492 (3)	C(18)—H(18A)	1.050 (3)
C(10)—C(20)	1.5067 (16)	C(18)—H(18B)	1.0495 (17)
C(11)—H(11A)	1.050 (2)	C(18)—H(18C)	1.0495 (15)
C(11)—H(11B)	1.0495 (12)	C(19)—H(19A)	1.049 (2)
C(11)—H(11C)	1.0495 (14)	C(19)—H(19B)	1.0495 (17)
C(12)—H(12A)	1.050 (2)	C(19)—H(19C)	1.0495 (19)
C(12)—H(12B)	1.0495 (12)	C(19)—H(19D)	1.050 (2)
C(12)—H(12C)	1.0495 (13)	C(19)—H(19E)	1.050 (2)
C(13)—H(13A)	1.049 (3)	C(19)—H(19F)	1.0495 (16)
C(13)—H(13B)	1.0495 (15)	C(20)—H(20A)	1.050 (2)
C(13)—H(13C)	1.0495 (14)	C(20)—H(20B)	1.0495 (13)
C(14)—H(14A)	1.0495 (19)	C(20)—H(20C)	1.0495 (14)
C(14)—H(14B)	1.0495 (18)
C(2)—C(1)—C(5)	108.04 (15)	H(15A)—C(15)—H(15B)	109.19 (13)
C(2)—C(1)—C(11)	125.91 (17)	H(15A)—C(15)—H(15C)	109.43 (11)
C(5)—C(1)—C(11)	125.83 (11)	H(15A)—C(15)—H(15D)	140.86 (11)
C(1)—C(2)—C(3)	107.82 (14)	H(15A)—C(15)—H(15E)	56.19 (9)
C(1)—C(2)—C(12)	126.44 (18)	H(15A)—C(15)—H(15F)	56.10 (10)
C(3)—C(2)—C(12)	125.31 (13)	H(15B)—C(15)—H(15C)	109.49 (15)
C(2)—C(3)—C(4)	108.63 (11)	H(15B)—C(15)—H(15D)	56.24 (9)
C(2)—C(3)—C(13)	125.01 (15)	H(15B)—C(15)—H(15E)	140.85 (11)
C(4)—C(3)—C(13)	126.07 (19)	H(15B)—C(15)—H(15F)	56.12 (6)
C(3)—C(4)—C(5)	107.11 (16)	H(15C)—C(15)—H(15D)	56.32 (9)
C(3)—C(4)—C(14)	125.91 (14)	H(15C)—C(15)—H(15E)	56.30 (5)
C(5)—C(4)—C(14)	126.84 (13)	H(15C)—C(15)—H(15F)	140.85 (11)
C(1)—C(5)—C(4)	108.39 (11)	H(15D)—C(15)—H(15E)	109.55 (10)
C(1)—C(5)—C(15)	125.27 (15)	H(15D)—C(15)—H(15F)	109.31 (12)
C(4)—C(5)—C(15)	126.16 (17)	H(15E)—C(15)—H(15F)	109.25 (17)
C(7)—C(6)—C(10)	108.12 (16)	C(6)—C(16)—H(16A)	109.47 (14)
C(7)—C(6)—C(16)	124.80 (17)	C(6)—C(16)—H(16B)	109.40 (16)
C(10)—C(6)—C(16)	126.96 (12)	C(6)—C(16)—H(16C)	109.41 (19)
C(6)—C(7)—C(8)	107.96 (14)	C(6)—C(16)—H(16D)	109.4 (2)
C(6)—C(7)—C(17)	125.56 (18)	C(6)—C(16)—H(16E)	109.45 (14)
C(8)—C(7)—C(17)	126.25 (13)	C(6)—C(16)—H(16F)	109.44 (13)
C(7)—C(8)—C(9)	108.32 (12)	H(16A)—C(16)—H(16B)	109.5 (2)
C(7)—C(8)—C(18)	125.23 (16)	H(16A)—C(16)—H(16C)	109.73 (17)
C(9)—C(8)—C(18)	126.1 (2)	H(16A)—C(16)—H(16D)	141.1 (2)
C(8)—C(9)—C(10)	107.62 (17)	H(16A)—C(16)—H(16E)	56.41 (11)
C(8)—C(9)—C(19)	125.58 (16)	H(16A)—C(16)—H(16F)	56.32 (12)
C(10)—C(9)—C(19)	126.56 (14)	H(16B)—C(16)—H(16C)	109.34 (14)
C(6)—C(10)—C(9)	107.98 (11)	H(16B)—C(16)—H(16D)	56.12 (8)
C(6)—C(10)—C(20)	125.98 (15)	H(16B)—C(16)—H(16E)	141.1 (2)
C(9)—C(10)—C(20)	125.63 (17)	H(16B)—C(16)—H(16F)	56.17 (9)
C(1)—C(11)—H(11A)	109.64 (12)	H(16C)—C(16)—H(16D)	56.21 (8)
C(1)—C(11)—H(11B)	109.43 (16)	H(16C)—C(16)—H(16E)	56.36 (8)
C(1)—C(11)—H(11C)	109.40 (15)	H(16C)—C(16)—H(16F)	141.1 (2)
H(11A)—C(11)—H(11B)	109.63 (17)	H(16D)—C(16)—H(16E)	109.55 (14)
H(11A)—C(11)—H(11C)	109.53 (17)	H(16D)—C(16)—H(16F)	109.31 (14)
H(11B)—C(11)—H(11C)	109.20 (13)	H(16E)—C(16)—H(16F)	109.7 (2)
C(2)—C(12)—H(12A)	109.51 (12)	C(7)—C(17)—H(17A)	109.49 (12)
C(2)—C(12)—H(12B)	109.39 (14)	C(7)—C(17)—H(17B)	109.43 (15)
C(2)—C(12)—H(12C)	109.46 (15)	C(7)—C(17)—H(17C)	109.42 (14)
H(12A)—C(12)—H(12B)	109.55 (16)	H(17A)—C(17)—H(17B)	109.54 (15)
H(12A)—C(12)—H(12C)	109.62 (16)	H(17A)—C(17)—H(17C)	109.58 (17)
H(12B)—C(12)—H(12C)	109.30 (13)	H(17B)—C(17)—H(17C)	109.36 (12)
C(3)—C(13)—H(13A)	109.69 (15)	C(8)—C(18)—H(18A)	109.90 (16)
C(3)—C(13)—H(13B)	109.36 (13)	C(8)—C(18)—H(18B)	109.25 (14)
C(3)—C(13)—H(13C)	109.45 (14)	C(8)—C(18)—H(18C)	109.60 (15)
H(13A)—C(13)—H(13B)	109.58 (15)	H(18A)—C(18)—H(18B)	109.42 (17)
H(13A)—C(13)—H(13C)	109.58 (14)	H(18A)—C(18)—H(18C)	109.70 (15)
H(13B)—C(13)—H(13C)	109.16 (17)	H(18B)—C(18)—H(18C)	108.96 (17)
C(4)—C(14)—H(14A)	109.52 (17)	C(9)—C(19)—H(19A)	109.58 (18)
C(4)—C(14)—H(14B)	109.60 (16)	C(9)—C(19)—H(19B)	109.5 (2)
C(4)—C(14)—H(14C)	109.37 (16)	C(9)—C(19)—H(19C)	109.70 (16)
C(4)—C(14)—H(14D)	109.47 (17)	C(9)—C(19)—H(19D)	109.6 (2)
C(4)—C(14)—H(14E)	109.40 (17)	C(9)—C(19)—H(19E)	109.68 (16)
C(4)—C(14)—H(14F)	109.62 (15)	C(9)—C(19)—H(19F)	109.51 (19)
H(14A)—C(14)—H(14B)	109.65 (17)	H(19A)—C(19)—H(19B)	109.19 (17)
H(14A)—C(14)—H(14C)	109.33 (17)	H(19A)—C(19)—H(19C)	109.4 (2)
H(14A)—C(14)—H(14D)	141.0 (3)	H(19A)—C(19)—H(19D)	140.8 (3)
H(14A)—C(14)—H(14E)	56.23 (10)	H(19A)—C(19)—H(19E)	56.21 (12)
H(14A)—C(14)—H(14F)	56.36 (9)	H(19A)—C(19)—H(19F)	56.12 (10)
H(14B)—C(14)—H(14C)	109.35 (18)	H(19B)—C(19)—H(19C)	109.40 (19)
H(14B)—C(14)—H(14D)	56.25 (10)	H(19B)—C(19)—H(19D)	56.19 (10)
H(14B)—C(14)—H(14E)	141.0 (3)	H(19B)—C(19)—H(19E)	140.8 (3)
H(14B)—C(14)—H(14F)	56.36 (8)	H(19B)—C(19)—H(19F)	56.11 (8)
H(14C)—C(14)—H(14D)	56.13 (9)	H(19C)—C(19)—H(19D)	56.28 (10)
H(14C)—C(14)—H(14E)	56.12 (8)	H(19C)—C(19)—H(19E)	56.29 (10)
H(14C)—C(14)—H(14F)	141.0 (3)	H(19C)—C(19)—H(19F)	140.8 (3)
H(14D)—C(14)—H(14E)	109.24 (15)	H(19D)—C(19)—H(19E)	109.5 (2)
H(14D)—C(14)—H(14F)	109.56 (18)	H(19D)—C(19)—H(19F)	109.25 (16)
H(14E)—C(14)—H(14F)	109.54 (19)	H(19E)—C(19)—H(19F)	109.3 (2)
C(5)—C(15)—H(15A)	109.49 (14)	C(10)—C(20)—H(20A)	109.85 (14)
C(5)—C(15)—H(15B)	109.54 (11)	C(10)—C(20)—H(20B)	109.57 (11)
C(5)—C(15)—H(15C)	109.68 (12)	C(10)—C(20)—H(20C)	109.29 (12)
C(5)—C(15)—H(15D)	109.65 (15)	H(20A)—C(20)—H(20B)	109.66 (13)
C(5)—C(15)—H(15E)	109.60 (11)	H(20A)—C(20)—H(20C)	109.29 (11)
C(5)—C(15)—H(15F)	109.46 (9)	H(20B)—C(20)—H(20C)	109.16 (15)

(zn-zn) bis(η⁵-Pentamethyl-cyclopentadienyl)-di-zinc(i)

Crystal data

C20H30Zn2	V = 951.09 (8) Å^3
Mr = 401.18	Z = 2
Triclinic, P1	F(000) = 64
a = 6.9329 (3) Å	Dx = 1.452 Mg m^−3
b = 10.8831 (5) Å	White-beam radiation, λ = ? Å
c = 13.8384 (7) Å	µ = 0.00 mm^−1
α = 109.777 (1)°	T = 170 K
β = 101.603 (1)°	Prismatic, colorless
γ = 94.201 (1)°	2.0 × 1.0 × 0.3 mm

Data collection

VIVALDI diffractometer	Rint = 0.364
Radiation source: nuclear reactor	θmax = 21.8°, θmin = 2.1°
Laue scans	h = −7→7
8553 measured reflections	k = −11→11
1665 independent reflections	l = −14→14
985 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

Refinement

Refinement on F^2	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F^2 > 2σ(F^2)] = 0.105	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F^2) = 0.264	H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement
S = 1.08	w = 1/[σ^2(Fo^2) + (0.1322P)^2] where P = (Fo^2 + 2Fc^2)/3
1665 reflections	(Δ/σ)max = 0.032
469 parameters	Δρmax = 0.67 e Å^−3
0 restraints	Δρmin = −0.60 e Å^−3

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F². The threshold expression of F² > σ(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
Zn1	0.3354 (13)	0.2188 (6)	0.3170 (6)	0.032 (2)
Zn2	0.1478 (12)	0.2910 (7)	0.1964 (6)	0.034 (2)
C1	0.6444 (11)	0.2452 (7)	0.4275 (5)	0.034 (2)
C2	0.5964 (11)	0.1082 (6)	0.3514 (5)	0.036 (2)
C3	0.4226 (12)	0.0487 (6)	0.3681 (6)	0.043 (2)
C4	0.3618 (10)	0.1462 (6)	0.4541 (5)	0.033 (2)
C5	0.5034 (12)	0.2644 (7)	0.4879 (6)	0.042 (2)
C6	−0.1044 (10)	0.2337 (6)	0.0429 (5)	0.035 (2)
C7	0.0774 (12)	0.2924 (7)	0.0265 (6)	0.045 (2)
C8	0.1200 (11)	0.4255 (5)	0.0980 (5)	0.033 (2)
C9	−0.0276 (12)	0.4491 (6)	0.1615 (5)	0.038 (2)
C10	−0.1627 (11)	0.3272 (7)	0.1241 (6)	0.038 (2)
C11	0.8247 (16)	0.3382 (10)	0.4441 (10)	0.045 (3)
H11A	0.949 (6)	0.331 (3)	0.491 (3)	0.146 (16)
H11B	0.786 (4)	0.438 (2)	0.457 (3)	0.160 (16)
H11C	0.888 (4)	0.319 (3)	0.379 (2)	0.135 (13)
C12	0.717 (2)	0.0411 (12)	0.2777 (8)	0.049 (4)
H12A	0.818 (4)	0.106 (2)	0.268 (2)	0.118 (10)
H12B	0.618 (3)	−0.002 (3)	0.192 (2)	0.139 (12)
H12C	0.787 (6)	−0.015 (3)	0.297 (3)	0.109 (13)
C13	0.333 (2)	−0.0917 (8)	0.3149 (11)	0.058 (4)
H13A	0.366 (5)	−0.144 (2)	0.370 (2)	0.123 (12)
H13B	0.330 (7)	−0.134 (3)	0.242 (3)	0.19 (2)
H13C	0.159 (4)	−0.1055 (18)	0.301 (3)	0.124 (11)
C14	0.202 (2)	0.1151 (10)	0.5041 (10)	0.051 (3)
H14A	0.237 (4)	0.054 (4)	0.541 (2)	0.132 (13)
H14B	0.061 (5)	0.086 (3)	0.458 (3)	0.129 (13)
H14C	0.189 (4)	0.212 (2)	0.572 (3)	0.169 (15)
C15	0.501 (2)	0.3856 (9)	0.5771 (7)	0.044 (3)
H15A	0.364 (5)	0.397 (3)	0.593 (2)	0.120 (11)
H15B	0.569 (4)	0.476 (2)	0.5801 (18)	0.115 (9)
H15C	0.568 (5)	0.378 (2)	0.6570 (16)	0.125 (12)
C16	−0.213 (3)	0.0954 (11)	−0.0242 (10)	0.070 (5)
H16A	−0.266 (4)	0.047 (2)	0.0271 (18)	0.104 (8)
H16B	−0.126 (4)	0.037 (3)	−0.058 (3)	0.134 (13)
H16C	−0.339 (4)	0.099 (2)	−0.080 (2)	0.103 (11)
C17	0.181 (2)	0.2335 (12)	−0.0580 (9)	0.052 (3)
H17A	0.105 (4)	0.223 (2)	−0.1349 (19)	0.108 (9)
H17B	0.197 (7)	0.142 (3)	−0.065 (3)	0.19 (2)
H17C	0.312 (5)	0.287 (4)	−0.0476 (17)	0.114 (9)
C18	0.280 (2)	0.5291 (11)	0.0982 (8)	0.048 (4)
H18A	0.384 (4)	0.493 (3)	0.071 (4)	0.133 (14)
H18B	0.340 (4)	0.6090 (19)	0.1818 (16)	0.099 (8)
H18C	0.226 (4)	0.578 (3)	0.047 (3)	0.120 (11)
C19	−0.0499 (18)	0.5739 (10)	0.2397 (12)	0.060 (4)
H19A	−0.176 (7)	0.619 (3)	0.211 (2)	0.151 (15)
H19B	0.088 (5)	0.6464 (18)	0.271 (3)	0.161 (16)
H19C	−0.073 (5)	0.560 (2)	0.3091 (17)	0.113 (9)
C20	−0.3466 (19)	0.3104 (10)	0.1625 (10)	0.048 (3)
H20A	−0.470 (4)	0.326 (4)	0.116 (3)	0.125 (13)
H20B	−0.328 (4)	0.363 (3)	0.242 (2)	0.145 (14)
H20C	−0.388 (4)	0.217 (2)	0.167 (3)	0.159 (16)

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U^11	U^22	U^33	U^12	U^13	U^23
Zn1	0.047 (6)	0.030 (4)	0.023 (4)	−0.003 (4)	0.008 (4)	0.016 (3)
Zn2	0.035 (6)	0.041 (4)	0.030 (5)	−0.001 (4)	0.001 (4)	0.023 (4)
C1	0.033 (5)	0.053 (4)	0.028 (4)	0.005 (4)	0.000 (4)	0.034 (3)
C2	0.040 (5)	0.033 (4)	0.028 (4)	−0.003 (3)	−0.008 (4)	0.012 (3)
C3	0.046 (6)	0.038 (4)	0.039 (5)	−0.018 (4)	−0.017 (4)	0.026 (4)
C4	0.035 (5)	0.043 (4)	0.035 (4)	−0.003 (3)	0.003 (4)	0.036 (3)
C5	0.047 (6)	0.052 (4)	0.032 (4)	−0.001 (4)	−0.002 (4)	0.030 (4)
C6	0.032 (5)	0.051 (4)	0.020 (4)	−0.007 (3)	−0.008 (4)	0.023 (3)
C7	0.043 (5)	0.062 (5)	0.034 (5)	−0.002 (4)	−0.001 (4)	0.030 (4)
C8	0.048 (5)	0.033 (4)	0.013 (4)	−0.012 (3)	−0.002 (4)	0.010 (3)
C9	0.057 (6)	0.038 (4)	0.023 (4)	0.005 (4)	0.015 (4)	0.013 (3)
C10	0.039 (5)	0.047 (4)	0.037 (4)	0.002 (4)	0.010 (4)	0.030 (3)
C11	0.040 (7)	0.040 (5)	0.057 (7)	−0.017 (6)	−0.011 (6)	0.036 (5)
H11A	0.12 (3)	0.13 (2)	0.20 (4)	−0.06 (2)	−0.04 (3)	0.13 (3)
H11B	0.10 (2)	0.041 (12)	0.32 (5)	−0.013 (12)	0.07 (3)	0.039 (17)
H11C	0.12 (2)	0.18 (2)	0.075 (14)	−0.089 (18)	0.024 (17)	0.037 (15)
C12	0.072 (9)	0.074 (8)	0.008 (6)	0.026 (7)	0.012 (7)	0.020 (5)
H12A	0.13 (2)	0.083 (14)	0.14 (2)	0.012 (14)	0.07 (2)	0.014 (14)
H12B	0.065 (15)	0.22 (3)	0.057 (16)	0.037 (16)	−0.018 (13)	−0.032 (17)
H12C	0.15 (3)	0.14 (3)	0.09 (2)	0.08 (2)	0.04 (2)	0.084 (18)
C13	0.060 (8)	0.027 (5)	0.068 (8)	−0.013 (5)	−0.004 (7)	0.009 (6)
H13A	0.14 (3)	0.077 (13)	0.12 (2)	0.000 (14)	−0.100 (19)	0.076 (15)
H13B	0.34 (6)	0.09 (2)	0.11 (3)	−0.10 (3)	−0.02 (3)	0.065 (19)
H13C	0.10 (2)	0.064 (12)	0.18 (3)	−0.051 (13)	0.026 (19)	0.026 (14)
C14	0.046 (8)	0.071 (6)	0.059 (7)	0.019 (6)	0.014 (7)	0.050 (6)
H14A	0.08 (2)	0.27 (4)	0.17 (3)	0.07 (2)	0.07 (2)	0.18 (3)
H14B	0.071 (18)	0.16 (2)	0.15 (3)	−0.042 (19)	0.018 (18)	0.07 (2)
H14C	0.17 (3)	0.092 (14)	0.23 (3)	0.004 (16)	0.16 (3)	−0.029 (18)
C15	0.065 (8)	0.041 (5)	0.017 (6)	0.019 (5)	−0.012 (6)	0.008 (4)
H15A	0.11 (2)	0.14 (2)	0.062 (18)	−0.017 (18)	0.008 (18)	−0.006 (14)
H15B	0.20 (3)	0.073 (13)	0.095 (17)	0.030 (15)	0.085 (17)	0.021 (12)
H15C	0.26 (4)	0.104 (14)	0.000 (11)	0.101 (18)	−0.032 (14)	0.024 (9)
C16	0.106 (13)	0.037 (6)	0.054 (8)	−0.023 (8)	0.004 (9)	0.014 (6)
H16A	0.15 (2)	0.073 (11)	0.105 (16)	−0.016 (12)	0.028 (17)	0.061 (12)
H16B	0.10 (2)	0.076 (15)	0.17 (3)	−0.011 (14)	−0.01 (2)	−0.010 (17)
H16C	0.080 (19)	0.081 (15)	0.090 (19)	−0.034 (14)	−0.063 (15)	0.013 (14)
C17	0.061 (8)	0.080 (8)	0.019 (7)	0.022 (6)	−0.004 (6)	0.027 (5)
H17A	0.14 (2)	0.17 (2)	0.012 (11)	0.043 (18)	0.012 (14)	0.035 (12)
H17B	0.38 (6)	0.077 (15)	0.20 (4)	0.10 (2)	0.23 (4)	0.042 (18)
H17C	0.09 (2)	0.18 (3)	0.053 (14)	0.05 (2)	0.030 (15)	0.007 (15)
C18	0.066 (10)	0.055 (6)	0.021 (5)	−0.020 (6)	−0.006 (6)	0.029 (5)
H18A	0.054 (19)	0.107 (19)	0.28 (4)	−0.010 (14)	0.00 (2)	0.14 (3)
H18B	0.15 (2)	0.069 (11)	0.052 (12)	−0.043 (12)	0.013 (13)	0.005 (10)
H18C	0.08 (2)	0.12 (2)	0.17 (3)	−0.020 (16)	−0.040 (19)	0.11 (2)
C19	0.058 (8)	0.056 (6)	0.082 (10)	0.038 (6)	0.028 (8)	0.031 (6)
H19A	0.23 (4)	0.092 (17)	0.10 (2)	−0.03 (2)	−0.08 (2)	0.071 (16)
H19B	0.19 (3)	0.026 (8)	0.27 (4)	0.006 (14)	0.15 (3)	0.004 (13)
H19C	0.19 (3)	0.121 (17)	0.045 (13)	0.063 (17)	0.044 (17)	0.032 (12)
C20	0.054 (9)	0.069 (6)	0.047 (8)	0.017 (6)	0.018 (7)	0.048 (5)
H20A	0.051 (19)	0.22 (3)	0.14 (3)	0.04 (2)	0.037 (19)	0.09 (2)
H20B	0.12 (2)	0.21 (3)	0.046 (14)	−0.043 (18)	0.020 (14)	−0.024 (16)
H20C	0.11 (2)	0.107 (17)	0.35 (5)	0.036 (16)	0.13 (3)	0.16 (3)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

Zn1—Zn2	2.292 (14)	C12—H12C	0.89 (4)
C1—C5	1.392 (10)	C13—H13A	1.09 (4)
C1—C2	1.472 (9)	C13—H13B	0.95 (5)
C1—C11	1.477 (11)	C13—H13C	1.17 (4)
C2—C3	1.423 (10)	C14—H14A	0.98 (4)
C2—C12	1.485 (11)	C14—H14B	1.02 (5)
C3—C4	1.460 (10)	C14—H14C	1.17 (2)
C3—C13	1.476 (11)	C15—H15A	1.03 (4)
C4—C5	1.436 (9)	C15—H15B	1.05 (3)
C4—C14	1.492 (11)	C15—H15C	1.15 (3)
C5—C15	1.474 (11)	C16—H16A	1.12 (2)
C6—C10	1.390 (10)	C16—H16B	0.98 (5)
C6—C7	1.464 (9)	C16—H16C	1.06 (5)
C6—C16	1.516 (12)	C17—H17A	1.05 (4)
C7—C8	1.420 (9)	C17—H17B	0.98 (4)
C7—C17	1.482 (13)	C17—H17C	0.99 (5)
C8—C9	1.460 (9)	C18—H18A	0.93 (5)
C8—C18	1.520 (10)	C18—H18B	1.16 (2)
C9—C10	1.437 (10)	C18—H18C	1.04 (4)
C9—C19	1.464 (12)	C19—H19A	1.11 (5)
C10—C20	1.498 (12)	C19—H19B	1.10 (4)
C11—H11A	0.99 (5)	C19—H19C	1.06 (3)
C11—H11B	1.11 (3)	C20—H20A	1.02 (5)
C11—H11C	1.04 (3)	C20—H20B	1.03 (3)
C12—H12A	1.02 (4)	C20—H20C	1.06 (2)
C12—H12B	1.16 (3)
C5—C1—C2	107.7 (6)	C3—C13—H13C	111.7 (13)
C5—C1—C11	126.8 (7)	H13A—C13—H13C	99 (2)
C2—C1—C11	125.1 (7)	H13B—C13—H13C	94 (3)
C3—C2—C1	107.3 (6)	C4—C14—H14A	112.3 (15)
C3—C2—C12	126.3 (7)	C4—C14—H14B	117.0 (17)
C1—C2—C12	126.3 (7)	H14A—C14—H14B	111 (3)
C2—C3—C4	108.4 (5)	C4—C14—H14C	108.5 (13)
C2—C3—C13	125.3 (8)	H14A—C14—H14C	104 (3)
C4—C3—C13	126.0 (7)	H14B—C14—H14C	103 (2)
C5—C4—C3	106.4 (5)	C5—C15—H15A	114.6 (14)
C5—C4—C14	129.0 (7)	C5—C15—H15B	119.1 (13)
C3—C4—C14	124.0 (6)	H15A—C15—H15B	109 (2)
C1—C5—C4	110.3 (6)	C5—C15—H15C	111.8 (12)
C1—C5—C15	125.9 (8)	H15A—C15—H15C	93 (2)
C4—C5—C15	123.8 (7)	H15B—C15—H15C	106 (2)
C10—C6—C7	108.9 (6)	C6—C16—H16A	109.9 (14)
C10—C6—C16	127.2 (8)	C6—C16—H16B	112.9 (17)
C7—C6—C16	123.9 (8)	H16A—C16—H16B	104 (3)
C8—C7—C6	106.4 (6)	C6—C16—H16C	110.6 (17)
C8—C7—C17	125.5 (7)	H16A—C16—H16C	108 (2)
C6—C7—C17	127.6 (7)	H16B—C16—H16C	112 (3)
C7—C8—C9	109.1 (5)	C7—C17—H17A	115.3 (17)
C7—C8—C18	124.5 (6)	C7—C17—H17B	110.3 (16)
C9—C8—C18	126.1 (6)	H17A—C17—H17B	103 (3)
C10—C9—C8	106.0 (5)	C7—C17—H17C	113.0 (15)
C10—C9—C19	125.7 (7)	H17A—C17—H17C	104 (2)
C8—C9—C19	128.0 (7)	H17B—C17—H17C	111 (3)
C6—C10—C9	109.6 (5)	C8—C18—H18A	113.4 (15)
C6—C10—C20	126.3 (7)	C8—C18—H18B	111.5 (10)
C9—C10—C20	123.9 (7)	H18A—C18—H18B	111 (2)
C1—C11—H11A	117.1 (13)	C8—C18—H18C	112.1 (15)
C1—C11—H11B	109.6 (14)	H18A—C18—H18C	101 (3)
H11A—C11—H11B	118 (3)	H18B—C18—H18C	107 (2)
C1—C11—H11C	114.8 (14)	C9—C19—H19A	113.4 (18)
H11A—C11—H11C	93 (3)	C9—C19—H19B	112.9 (13)
H11B—C11—H11C	103 (3)	H19A—C19—H19B	110 (2)
C2—C12—H12A	112.5 (14)	C9—C19—H19C	110.8 (16)
C2—C12—H12B	109.1 (14)	H19A—C19—H19C	107 (3)
H12A—C12—H12B	99 (2)	H19B—C19—H19C	102 (3)
C2—C12—H12C	114.9 (18)	C10—C20—H20A	112.6 (16)
H12A—C12—H12C	106 (3)	C10—C20—H20B	113.0 (16)
H12B—C12—H12C	115 (3)	H20A—C20—H20B	113 (3)
C3—C13—H13A	109.8 (15)	C10—C20—H20C	116.8 (15)
C3—C13—H13B	118.6 (14)	H20A—C20—H20C	105 (2)
H13A—C13—H13B	121 (2)	H20B—C20—H20C	95 (3)