Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270104024977/bm1583sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S0108270104024977/bm1583Isup2.hkl |
CCDC reference: 259039
A solution of 3-bromopyridine (0.24 ml, 2.5 mmol) and tribromoacetic acid (0.742 g, 2.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 ml) was stirred for 1 h and the product, (I), was precipitated (0.523 g, Please give % yield) by adding petroleum ether (b.p. 313–333 K). Text changed by Coeditor - please check. Single crystals were obtained by diffusion of petroleum ether (b.p. 313–333 K) into a dichloromethane solution of (I).
The H atoms bonded to N were refined freely. Other H atoms were included using a riding model, with C—H distances of 0.95 Å and with Uiso(H) = 1.2Ueq(C).
Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 1998); cell refinement: SAINT (Bruker, 1998); data reduction: SAINT; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1990); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: XP (Siemens, 1994); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.
C5H5BrN+·C2Br3O2− | Z = 4 |
Mr = 454.76 | F(000) = 840 |
Triclinic, P1 | Dx = 2.583 Mg m−3 |
a = 6.2478 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
b = 12.6754 (8) Å | Cell parameters from 7447 reflections |
c = 15.4525 (8) Å | θ = 2.3–30.5° |
α = 96.520 (4)° | µ = 13.74 mm−1 |
β = 95.900 (4)° | T = 133 K |
γ = 103.883 (4)° | Tablet, colourless |
V = 1169.53 (12) Å3 | 0.16 × 0.13 × 0.07 mm |
Bruker SMART1000 CCD area-detector diffractometer | 6811 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 5031 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.041 |
Detector resolution: 8.192 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 30.0°, θmin = 1.3° |
ω and ϕ scans | h = −8→8 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1998) | k = −17→17 |
Tmin = 0.168, Tmax = 0.382 | l = −21→21 |
22507 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.056 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 0.92 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0219P)2] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
6811 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
261 parameters | Δρmax = 0.74 e Å−3 |
0 restraints | Δρmin = −0.92 e Å−3 |
C5H5BrN+·C2Br3O2− | γ = 103.883 (4)° |
Mr = 454.76 | V = 1169.53 (12) Å3 |
Triclinic, P1 | Z = 4 |
a = 6.2478 (4) Å | Mo Kα radiation |
b = 12.6754 (8) Å | µ = 13.74 mm−1 |
c = 15.4525 (8) Å | T = 133 K |
α = 96.520 (4)° | 0.16 × 0.13 × 0.07 mm |
β = 95.900 (4)° |
Bruker SMART1000 CCD area-detector diffractometer | 6811 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1998) | 5031 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.168, Tmax = 0.382 | Rint = 0.041 |
22507 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028 | 0 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.056 | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
S = 0.92 | Δρmax = 0.74 e Å−3 |
6811 reflections | Δρmin = −0.92 e Å−3 |
261 parameters |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. Non-bonded contacts: 3.5778 (0.0005) Br1 - Br12_$5 3.6359 (0.0005) Br1 - Br13_$6 3.6935 (0.0005) Br11 - Br2_$7 3.8880 (0.0005) Br11 - Br3_$2 3.7098 (0.0005) Br11 - Br4_$2 3.9196 (0.0007) Br2 - Br2_$8 2.8475 (0.0023) Br13 - O2_$9 2.8486 (0.0022) Br14 - O12_$10 2.8081 (0.0022) Br3 - O2_$10 2.8334 (0.0023) Br4 - O12 102.52 (0.09) C3 - Br1 - Br12_$5 159.82 (0.09) Br1 - Br12_$5 - C17_$5 146.18 (0.10) C3 - Br1 - Br13_$6 92.73 (0.09) Br1 - Br13_$6 - C17_$6 101.64 (0.10) C13 - Br11 - Br2_$7 158.19 (0.09) Br11 - Br2_$7 - C7_$7 136.98 (0.09) C13 - Br11 - Br3_$2 82.47 (0.09) Br11 - Br3_$2 - C7_$2 152.47 (0.10) C13 - Br11 - Br4_$2 87.52 (0.08) Br11 - Br4_$2 - C7_$2 128.26 (0.08) C7 - Br2 - Br2_$8 167.68 (0.10) C17 - Br13 - O2_$9 129.19 (1/5) Br13 - O2_$9 - C8_$9 171.23 (0.10) C17 - Br14 - O12_$10 125.27 (1/5) Br14 - O12_$10 - C18_$10 177.49 (0.10) C7 - Br3 - O2_$10 123.45 (1/5) Br3 - O2_$10 - C8_$10 174.90 (0.10) C7 - Br4 - O12 124.54 (1/5) Br4 - O12 - C18 Operators for generating equivalent atoms: $2 x + 1, y, z $5 − x + 1, −y + 1, −z $6 x + 1, y − 1, z $7 − x + 1, −y + 1, −z + 1 $8 − x, −y + 1, −z + 1 $9 x, y + 1, z $10 x − 1, y, z |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
N1 | 0.2666 (5) | 0.3606 (2) | 0.01628 (18) | 0.0195 (6) | |
H01 | 0.192 (6) | 0.385 (3) | 0.043 (3) | 0.036 (12)* | |
C2 | 0.3737 (5) | 0.2933 (3) | 0.0520 (2) | 0.0206 (7) | |
H2 | 0.3457 | 0.2725 | 0.1077 | 0.025* | |
C3 | 0.5245 (5) | 0.2545 (3) | 0.0073 (2) | 0.0206 (7) | |
C4 | 0.5639 (5) | 0.2848 (3) | −0.0737 (2) | 0.0222 (7) | |
H4 | 0.6707 | 0.2597 | −0.1044 | 0.027* | |
C5 | 0.4455 (5) | 0.3524 (3) | −0.1098 (2) | 0.0249 (7) | |
H5 | 0.4669 | 0.3725 | −0.1662 | 0.030* | |
C6 | 0.2956 (5) | 0.3903 (3) | −0.0625 (2) | 0.0228 (7) | |
H6 | 0.2141 | 0.4372 | −0.0862 | 0.027* | |
Br1 | 0.67862 (7) | 0.16420 (4) | 0.06202 (2) | 0.03651 (10) | |
N11 | 0.3039 (5) | 0.8782 (2) | 0.48251 (18) | 0.0201 (6) | |
H011 | 0.245 (6) | 0.914 (3) | 0.453 (3) | 0.042 (13)* | |
C12 | 0.4472 (5) | 0.8286 (3) | 0.4468 (2) | 0.0197 (7) | |
H12 | 0.4845 | 0.8404 | 0.3899 | 0.024* | |
C13 | 0.5396 (5) | 0.7606 (3) | 0.4933 (2) | 0.0187 (7) | |
C14 | 0.4851 (5) | 0.7427 (3) | 0.5762 (2) | 0.0233 (7) | |
H14 | 0.5469 | 0.6949 | 0.6082 | 0.028* | |
C15 | 0.3367 (5) | 0.7972 (3) | 0.6111 (2) | 0.0243 (7) | |
H15 | 0.2986 | 0.7881 | 0.6682 | 0.029* | |
C16 | 0.2454 (5) | 0.8643 (3) | 0.5622 (2) | 0.0226 (7) | |
H16 | 0.1419 | 0.9003 | 0.5850 | 0.027* | |
Br11 | 0.73370 (6) | 0.68930 (3) | 0.43950 (2) | 0.03000 (9) | |
C7 | 0.0055 (5) | 0.4965 (3) | 0.27340 (19) | 0.0170 (6) | |
C8 | 0.0984 (5) | 0.4347 (3) | 0.1980 (2) | 0.0175 (6) | |
Br2 | 0.11141 (6) | 0.46883 (3) | 0.38836 (2) | 0.02665 (8) | |
Br3 | −0.31699 (5) | 0.44636 (3) | 0.25431 (2) | 0.01900 (7) | |
Br4 | 0.09679 (5) | 0.65316 (3) | 0.26887 (2) | 0.02019 (7) | |
O1 | 0.0379 (4) | 0.45329 (19) | 0.12177 (14) | 0.0241 (5) | |
O2 | 0.2172 (3) | 0.37511 (19) | 0.21896 (14) | 0.0224 (5) | |
C17 | −0.0025 (5) | 0.9897 (3) | 0.2265 (2) | 0.0184 (7) | |
C18 | 0.1295 (5) | 0.9479 (3) | 0.3003 (2) | 0.0192 (7) | |
Br12 | 0.04550 (6) | 0.93276 (3) | 0.11044 (2) | 0.02841 (9) | |
Br13 | 0.09443 (5) | 1.14903 (3) | 0.23974 (2) | 0.02129 (8) | |
Br14 | −0.31807 (5) | 0.94628 (3) | 0.23634 (2) | 0.02114 (8) | |
O11 | 0.1076 (4) | 0.9856 (2) | 0.37772 (14) | 0.0270 (6) | |
O12 | 0.2401 (3) | 0.88441 (18) | 0.27873 (14) | 0.0228 (5) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
N1 | 0.0197 (14) | 0.0222 (16) | 0.0168 (14) | 0.0082 (12) | 0.0023 (11) | −0.0022 (11) |
C2 | 0.0255 (17) | 0.0219 (18) | 0.0147 (16) | 0.0072 (14) | 0.0014 (12) | 0.0031 (13) |
C3 | 0.0244 (17) | 0.0226 (18) | 0.0156 (16) | 0.0102 (14) | −0.0012 (13) | 0.0006 (13) |
C4 | 0.0207 (16) | 0.026 (2) | 0.0216 (17) | 0.0102 (14) | 0.0049 (13) | 0.0009 (14) |
C5 | 0.0278 (18) | 0.033 (2) | 0.0172 (17) | 0.0119 (16) | 0.0047 (13) | 0.0053 (14) |
C6 | 0.0273 (17) | 0.0215 (19) | 0.0226 (18) | 0.0108 (15) | 0.0028 (13) | 0.0062 (14) |
Br1 | 0.0506 (2) | 0.0499 (3) | 0.02473 (19) | 0.0372 (2) | 0.00974 (16) | 0.01408 (17) |
N11 | 0.0239 (15) | 0.0193 (16) | 0.0171 (14) | 0.0070 (12) | −0.0025 (11) | 0.0035 (12) |
C12 | 0.0204 (16) | 0.0226 (18) | 0.0149 (15) | 0.0028 (14) | 0.0016 (12) | 0.0040 (13) |
C13 | 0.0162 (15) | 0.0216 (18) | 0.0181 (16) | 0.0066 (14) | 0.0014 (12) | −0.0008 (13) |
C14 | 0.0260 (17) | 0.0242 (19) | 0.0219 (17) | 0.0099 (15) | 0.0013 (13) | 0.0070 (14) |
C15 | 0.0280 (18) | 0.029 (2) | 0.0175 (17) | 0.0098 (16) | 0.0021 (13) | 0.0046 (14) |
C16 | 0.0229 (17) | 0.027 (2) | 0.0189 (17) | 0.0115 (15) | 0.0001 (13) | 0.0005 (14) |
Br11 | 0.02916 (19) | 0.0413 (2) | 0.02469 (18) | 0.02035 (17) | 0.00437 (14) | 0.00094 (16) |
C7 | 0.0181 (15) | 0.0197 (17) | 0.0155 (15) | 0.0081 (13) | 0.0033 (12) | 0.0031 (12) |
C8 | 0.0160 (15) | 0.0184 (17) | 0.0181 (16) | 0.0038 (13) | 0.0052 (12) | 0.0012 (13) |
Br2 | 0.02926 (18) | 0.0357 (2) | 0.01615 (16) | 0.01032 (16) | −0.00010 (13) | 0.00693 (14) |
Br3 | 0.01718 (15) | 0.02202 (18) | 0.01901 (16) | 0.00580 (13) | 0.00379 (11) | 0.00497 (13) |
Br4 | 0.02246 (16) | 0.01767 (17) | 0.02020 (16) | 0.00479 (13) | 0.00483 (12) | 0.00065 (13) |
O1 | 0.0301 (13) | 0.0309 (14) | 0.0163 (12) | 0.0162 (11) | 0.0062 (9) | 0.0033 (10) |
O2 | 0.0216 (12) | 0.0252 (13) | 0.0240 (12) | 0.0119 (10) | 0.0036 (9) | 0.0046 (10) |
C17 | 0.0183 (15) | 0.0213 (18) | 0.0168 (16) | 0.0069 (13) | 0.0031 (12) | 0.0031 (13) |
C18 | 0.0172 (15) | 0.0183 (18) | 0.0230 (17) | 0.0038 (13) | 0.0023 (12) | 0.0088 (13) |
Br12 | 0.03159 (19) | 0.0393 (2) | 0.01593 (16) | 0.01265 (16) | 0.00574 (13) | 0.00050 (15) |
Br13 | 0.02167 (16) | 0.02090 (18) | 0.02279 (17) | 0.00629 (14) | 0.00176 (12) | 0.00858 (13) |
Br14 | 0.01768 (15) | 0.02442 (19) | 0.02086 (17) | 0.00505 (13) | 0.00244 (12) | 0.00219 (13) |
O11 | 0.0381 (14) | 0.0343 (15) | 0.0168 (12) | 0.0235 (12) | 0.0029 (10) | 0.0079 (10) |
O12 | 0.0227 (12) | 0.0235 (13) | 0.0261 (13) | 0.0113 (10) | 0.0048 (9) | 0.0065 (10) |
N1—C6 | 1.332 (4) | C8—O2 | 1.225 (4) |
N1—C2 | 1.336 (4) | C8—O1 | 1.265 (4) |
C2—C3 | 1.373 (4) | C17—C18 | 1.553 (4) |
C3—C4 | 1.380 (4) | C17—Br12 | 1.937 (3) |
C3—Br1 | 1.880 (3) | C17—Br13 | 1.944 (3) |
C4—C5 | 1.385 (5) | C17—Br14 | 1.943 (3) |
C5—C6 | 1.385 (4) | C18—O12 | 1.221 (3) |
N11—C16 | 1.339 (4) | C18—O11 | 1.270 (4) |
N11—C12 | 1.340 (4) | N1—H01 | 0.75 (3) |
C12—C13 | 1.374 (4) | C2—H2 | 0.9500 |
C13—C14 | 1.388 (4) | C4—H4 | 0.9500 |
C13—Br11 | 1.881 (3) | C5—H5 | 0.9500 |
C14—C15 | 1.398 (4) | C6—H6 | 0.9500 |
C15—C16 | 1.382 (4) | N11—H011 | 0.80 (4) |
C7—C8 | 1.567 (4) | C12—H12 | 0.9500 |
C7—Br2 | 1.931 (3) | C14—H14 | 0.9500 |
C7—Br3 | 1.942 (3) | C15—H15 | 0.9500 |
C7—Br4 | 1.941 (3) | C16—H16 | 0.9500 |
C6—N1—C2 | 122.8 (3) | Br12—C17—Br14 | 109.16 (15) |
N1—C2—C3 | 119.4 (3) | C18—C17—Br13 | 109.3 (2) |
C2—C3—C4 | 120.1 (3) | Br12—C17—Br13 | 107.78 (15) |
C2—C3—Br1 | 117.8 (2) | Br14—C17—Br13 | 109.01 (14) |
C4—C3—Br1 | 122.1 (2) | O12—C18—O11 | 127.5 (3) |
C3—C4—C5 | 119.0 (3) | O12—C18—C17 | 118.2 (3) |
C6—C5—C4 | 119.3 (3) | O11—C18—C17 | 114.3 (3) |
N1—C6—C5 | 119.5 (3) | C6—N1—H01 | 119 (3) |
C16—N11—C12 | 122.8 (3) | C2—N1—H01 | 119 (3) |
N11—C12—C13 | 119.2 (3) | N1—C2—H2 | 120.3 |
C12—C13—C14 | 120.7 (3) | C3—C2—H2 | 120.3 |
C12—C13—Br11 | 117.9 (2) | C3—C4—H4 | 120.5 |
C14—C13—Br11 | 121.4 (2) | C5—C4—H4 | 120.5 |
C13—C14—C15 | 118.0 (3) | C6—C5—H5 | 120.4 |
C16—C15—C14 | 119.8 (3) | C4—C5—H5 | 120.4 |
N11—C16—C15 | 119.5 (3) | N1—C6—H6 | 120.2 |
C8—C7—Br2 | 112.4 (2) | C5—C6—H6 | 120.2 |
C8—C7—Br4 | 108.9 (2) | C16—N11—H011 | 120 (3) |
Br2—C7—Br4 | 108.89 (15) | C12—N11—H011 | 117 (3) |
C8—C7—Br3 | 108.22 (19) | N11—C12—H12 | 120.4 |
Br2—C7—Br3 | 108.63 (14) | C13—C12—H12 | 120.4 |
Br4—C7—Br3 | 109.83 (14) | C13—C14—H14 | 121.0 |
O2—C8—O1 | 128.1 (3) | C15—C14—H14 | 121.0 |
O2—C8—C7 | 117.6 (3) | C16—C15—H15 | 120.1 |
O1—C8—C7 | 114.3 (3) | C14—C15—H15 | 120.1 |
C18—C17—Br12 | 112.1 (2) | N11—C16—H16 | 120.2 |
C18—C17—Br14 | 109.5 (2) | C15—C16—H16 | 120.2 |
C6—N1—C2—C3 | 1.6 (5) | C12—N11—C16—C15 | 0.7 (5) |
N1—C2—C3—C4 | −0.2 (5) | C14—C15—C16—N11 | −1.4 (5) |
N1—C2—C3—Br1 | 177.8 (2) | Br2—C7—C8—O2 | 2.3 (4) |
C2—C3—C4—C5 | −1.5 (5) | Br4—C7—C8—O2 | 123.0 (3) |
Br1—C3—C4—C5 | −179.4 (2) | Br3—C7—C8—O2 | −117.7 (3) |
C3—C4—C5—C6 | 1.8 (5) | Br2—C7—C8—O1 | −178.0 (2) |
C2—N1—C6—C5 | −1.2 (5) | Br4—C7—C8—O1 | −57.3 (3) |
C4—C5—C6—N1 | −0.5 (5) | Br3—C7—C8—O1 | 62.0 (3) |
C16—N11—C12—C13 | −0.1 (5) | Br12—C17—C18—O12 | −1.7 (4) |
N11—C12—C13—C14 | 0.2 (5) | Br14—C17—C18—O12 | 119.5 (3) |
N11—C12—C13—Br11 | 178.3 (2) | Br13—C17—C18—O12 | −121.2 (3) |
C12—C13—C14—C15 | −0.9 (5) | Br12—C17—C18—O11 | 178.3 (2) |
Br11—C13—C14—C15 | −178.9 (2) | Br14—C17—C18—O11 | −60.5 (3) |
C13—C14—C15—C16 | 1.5 (5) | Br13—C17—C18—O11 | 58.8 (3) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H01···O1 | 0.75 (3) | 1.89 (4) | 2.632 (3) | 172 (4) |
N11—H011···O11 | 0.80 (4) | 1.82 (4) | 2.621 (4) | 175 (4) |
C6—H6···O1i | 0.95 | 2.40 | 3.334 (4) | 168 |
C16—H16···O11ii | 0.95 | 2.44 | 3.373 (4) | 169 |
C2—H2···Br13iii | 0.95 | 3.05 | 3.939 (3) | 157 |
C12—H12···Br14iv | 0.95 | 3.08 | 3.997 (3) | 163 |
C16—H16···Br14ii | 0.95 | 3.12 | 3.626 (3) | 115 |
C5—H5···Br3i | 0.95 | 3.08 | 3.748 (3) | 129 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y+1, −z; (ii) −x, −y+2, −z+1; (iii) x, y−1, z; (iv) x+1, y, z. |
Experimental details
Crystal data | |
Chemical formula | C5H5BrN+·C2Br3O2− |
Mr | 454.76 |
Crystal system, space group | Triclinic, P1 |
Temperature (K) | 133 |
a, b, c (Å) | 6.2478 (4), 12.6754 (8), 15.4525 (8) |
α, β, γ (°) | 96.520 (4), 95.900 (4), 103.883 (4) |
V (Å3) | 1169.53 (12) |
Z | 4 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 13.74 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.16 × 0.13 × 0.07 |
Data collection | |
Diffractometer | Bruker SMART1000 CCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1998) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.168, 0.382 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 22507, 6811, 5031 |
Rint | 0.041 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.704 |
Refinement | |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.028, 0.056, 0.92 |
No. of reflections | 6811 |
No. of parameters | 261 |
H-atom treatment | H atoms treated by a mixture of independent and constrained refinement |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.74, −0.92 |
Computer programs: SMART (Bruker, 1998), SAINT (Bruker, 1998), SAINT, SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1990), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), XP (Siemens, 1994), SHELXL97.
C7—Br2 | 1.931 (3) | C17—Br12 | 1.937 (3) |
C7—Br3 | 1.942 (3) | C17—Br13 | 1.944 (3) |
C7—Br4 | 1.941 (3) | C17—Br14 | 1.943 (3) |
C8—O2 | 1.225 (4) | C18—O12 | 1.221 (3) |
C8—O1 | 1.265 (4) | C18—O11 | 1.270 (4) |
C6—N1—C2 | 122.8 (3) | C16—N11—C12 | 122.8 (3) |
Br2—C7—C8—O2 | 2.3 (4) | Br12—C17—C18—O12 | −1.7 (4) |
D—H···A | D—H | H···A | D···A | D—H···A |
N1—H01···O1 | 0.75 (3) | 1.89 (4) | 2.632 (3) | 172 (4) |
N11—H011···O11 | 0.80 (4) | 1.82 (4) | 2.621 (4) | 175 (4) |
C6—H6···O1i | 0.95 | 2.40 | 3.334 (4) | 168 |
C16—H16···O11ii | 0.95 | 2.44 | 3.373 (4) | 169 |
C2—H2···Br13iii | 0.95 | 3.05 | 3.939 (3) | 157 |
C12—H12···Br14iv | 0.95 | 3.08 | 3.997 (3) | 163 |
C16—H16···Br14ii | 0.95 | 3.12 | 3.626 (3) | 115 |
C5—H5···Br3i | 0.95 | 3.08 | 3.748 (3) | 129 |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y+1, −z; (ii) −x, −y+2, −z+1; (iii) x, y−1, z; (iv) x+1, y, z. |
Contact | Distance | Angle | Angle | Operator |
C-Br···X-C | Br···X | C-Br···X | Br···X-C | (acceptor X) |
C3-Br1···Br12-C17 | 3.5778 (5) | 102.52 (9) | 159.82 (9) | 1 − x,1 − y,-z |
C13-Br11···Br2-C7 | 3.6935 (5) | 101.64 (10) | 158.19 (9) | 1 − x,1 − y,1 − z |
C3-Br1···Br13-C17 | 3.6359 (5) | 146.18 (10) | 92.73 (9) | 1 + x,-1 + y,z |
C13-Br11···Br4-C7 | 3.7098 (5) | 152.47 (10) | 87.52 (8) | 1 + x,y,z |
C13-Br11···Br3-C7 | 3.8880 (5) | 136.98 (9) | 82.47 (9) | 1 + x,y,z |
C7-Br2···Br2-C7 | 3.9196 (7) | 128.26 (8) | 128.26 (8) | -x,1 − y,1 − z |
C7-Br3···O2-C8 | 2.808 (2) | 177.49 (10) | 123.5 (2) | -1 + x,y,z |
C7-Br4···O12-C18 | 2.833 (2) | 174.90 (10) | 124.5 (2) | |
C17-Br13···O2-C8 | 2.848 (2) | 167.68 (10) | 129.2 (2) | x,1 + y,z |
C17-Br14···O12-C18 | 2.849 (2) | 171.23 (10) | 125.3 (2) | -1 + x,y,z |
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We are interested in secondary bonding contacts (classical and `weak' hydrogen bonds, and halogen-halogen contacts) in structures of pyridine derivatives, such as 4-iodopyridine (Ahrens & Jones, 1999), hydroxypyridines and pyridones (Jones, 2001; Flakus et al., 2003), pyridinethiones (Flakus et al., 2001), halopyridinium halides (Freytag et al., 1999; Freytag & Jones, 2001; Jones & Lozano, 2003a) and halomethylpyridinium halides (Jones et al., 2002; Jones & Vancea, 2003; Lozano & Jones, 2004). We considered it worthwhile to extend our studies by using halogen-rich anions rather than simple halides, and here report the structure of 3-bromopyridinium tribromoacetate, (I). This is the first structure involving a free tribromoacetate ion; a search of the Cambridge Database (CSD, Version 7/04; Allen, 2002) revealed one structure with a tribromoacetate ligand in a copper(II) complex (CIYFUL; Porter & Doedens, 1984). \sch
The asymmetric unit of (I) contains two formula units (Fig. 1), both consisting of a cation-anion pair linked by a classical N—H···O hydrogen bond. Atom names of the second formula unit are distinguished by an additional initial digit 1. Bond lengths and angles may be considered normal, e.g. the somewhat widened ring angles at N, or the C—Br bond lengths of the anion, which are closely similar to those of the free acid (Jones & Lozano, 2003b). The C—O bond lengths differ significantly, those involving the hydrogen-bonded atoms O1 and O11 being longer (Table 1). Both anions adopt a conformation in which one Br atom (Br2 or Br12) lies in the carboxylate plane, with Br—C—C—O torsion angles 2.3 (4) and −1.7 (4)° [cf. −16.4 (3)° in the free acid; Jones & Lozano, 2003b].
The crystal packing of (I) appears at first sight to be a complex three-dimensional network, but can be analysed in terms of two (interconnected) layer structures associated with different types of non-bonded contacts. The first such layer type (Fig. 2), parallel to (102), involves the classical hydrogen bonds, two very short C—H···O interactions (normalized H···O distances 2.27 and 2.31 Å) from the H atoms at C6 and C16 (Table 2), and the four shortest Br···Br contacts (Table 3). The carboxylate atoms O1 and O11 represent bifurcated systems, each accepting one N—H···O and one C—H···O hydrogen bond. The hydrogen bonds of each of the two formula units combine to form independent ten-membered? centrosymmetric rings of graph set R42(10).
Each cation Br atom (Br1 or Br11) is involved in two Br···Br contacts, to an anion Br of two different anions of the other respective formula unit (Br12 and Br13, and Br2 and Br4). This results in two independent eight-membered rings. The ten- and eight-membered rings alternate to connect cations, forming chains in the direction [210] (horizontal in Fig. 2), whereby each cation has its own independent chain. The two independent anions alternate in the same direction.
All four Br···Br contacts correspond approximately to `type II', according to the classification of Pedireddi et al. (1994), with one C—Br···Br angle of ca 180° and one of ca 90°. This is consistent with the concept of a region of positive charge in the extension of the C—Br vector beyond the Br atom, which interacts with the negative region perpendicular to the C—Br bond of the second Br atom. The Br atoms in the cations would be expected to have enhanced positive charge regions and thus preferentially form linear contacts, but, clearly, only one contact from Br1 or Br11 can be linear, and the respective second contacts are therefore linear at Br12 and Br2.
The second layer type in the structure of (I) is associated with Br···O contacts. These may be regarded as a type of `halogen bond' (Metrangelo & Resnati, 2001). We had expected these to be formed between cations and anions (charge-assisted contacts) but were surprised to observe, despite the unfavourable electrostatic effects, that the anions associate amongst themselves. We have, however, frequently observed a similar effect with C—H···O contacts between di(methanesulfonyl)amide anions (e.g. Moers Lange et al., 2001; Moers Wijaya et al., 2001; Henschel et al., 2002).
The independent anions alternate in chains parallel to the b axis, and these chains are linked by translation along a to form a layer, consisting of two independent but topologically identical types of 12-membered ring, parallel to the ab plane (Fig. 3). The four independent contacts (Table 3) involve those Br atoms not coplanar with the carboxylate groups (Br3, Br4, Br13 and Br14), together with the O atoms not involved in hydrogen bonds (O2 and O12, both double acceptors), and are all short: cf. 3.009 (2) Å in tribromoacetic acid (Jones & Lozano, 2003b), 2.974 (4) Å in sodium bromate (Abrahams & Bernstein, 1977), or 3.197 (3)–3.338 (4) Å in two modifications of di(4-bromobenzenesulfonyl)amine (Lozano et al., 2004). All C—Br···O angles are, as expected (Lommerse et al., 1996), approximately linear. For Br4 and Br13, this complements their perpendicular Br···Br—C angles, whereas Br2 and Br12 (and of course Br1 and Br11 of the cations) have already `used up' their linear contacts in the Br···Br interactions (see above), and thus are no longer available for Br···O contacts. The Br···O—C angles are close to the expected values of 120°, corresponding to the lone-pair directions, but this is not always the case, as pointed out by Lommerse et al. (1996).
There are also two approximately linear C—H···Br contacts that might be regarded as weak hydrogen bonds. These connect neighbouring layers parallel to (102), but we attribute to them a subordinate role in determining the packing. Two further such contacts, but with very narrow angles, are included in Table 2 for completeness.
There is considerable current interest in structures with Z' > 1, in view of their implications for crystal engineering (see, for example, Steed, 2003). We note that, neglecting the C—H···Br interactions, the two formula units of (I) are exactly equivalent in their topology; each secondary contact finds a topological counterpart on exchanging the atoms of the two formula units. Thus, there is no obvious explanation for the Z' value of 2.