Supporting information
Crystallographic Information File (CIF) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827010200152X/bj1038sup1.cif | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827010200152X/bj1038Isup2.hkl | |
Structure factor file (CIF format) https://doi.org/10.1107/S010827010200152X/bj1038IIsup3.hkl |
CCDC references: 182982; 182983
To prepare compound (I), a solution of Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O (0.849 g, 2.29 mmol) in ethanol (5 ml) containing 10% v/v 2,2-dimethoxypropane was added to NaAsF6 (0.961 g, 4.54 mmol) dissolved in the same solvent (30 ml). The mixture was stirred for 15 min and filtered. To the filtrate was added more NaAsF6 (0.500 g, 2.36 mmol), and the mixture was once again stirred for 15 min and then filtered into a solution of pyrazole (1.00 g, 14.7 mmol) in the above solvent (4 ml). The mixture was stirred for 30 min, after which the solvent was pumped off under vacuum. The blue solid product was recrystallized from methanol. Blue crystals of (I) were obtained in about 2 d. Crystals for X-ray analysis were removed directly from the supernatant liquid. The rest of the product was isolated by decantation, washed with small amounts of methanol and dried in a desiccator containing Drierite. Analysis found: C 25.81, H 2.91, N 19.29%; C18H24As2CuF12N12 requires: C 25.44, H 2.85, N 19.78%. Spectroscopic data: visible (λmax, nm, MeOH): 664; ε (dm3 mol-1 cm-1): 33; IR (ν, cm-1, AsF6-): 705 (v s), 411 (s); µeff/BM (296 K) 1.90.
Compound (II) was prepared following the same procedure as above, using Cu(ClO4)2·6H2O (0.823 g, 2.22 mmol), KPF6 (0.830 g, 4.51 mmol and 0.485 g, 2.64 mmol) and pyrazole (1.098 g, 16.1 mmol). The KPF6, however, only partially dissolves in the solvent. Analysis found: C 28.37, H 3.14, N 21.94%; C18H24CuF12N12P2 requires: C 28.37, H 3.17, N 22.06%. Spectroscopic data: visible (λmax, nm, MeOH): 663; ε (dm3 mol-1 cm-1): 34; IR (ν, cm-1, PF6-): 840 (v s), 561 (s); µeff/BM (296 K) 1.91. The crystal of (II) used for X-ray studies contained roughly one third ClO4- ions. This was not characteristic of the bulk sample, for which elemental analysis and IR data indicate minimal, if any, ClO4-.
Elemental analyses were performed by Midwest Microlab, Indianapolis, Indiana. IR spectra were recorded as KBr pellets on a Bio-Rad Model FTS3000 FT—IR spectrometer. Visible spectra were recorded on a Cary 1 C UV-Visible spectrophotometer. Magnetic measurements were made at room temperature on a Johnson-Matthey Model MKI magnetic susceptibility balance.
H atoms were found in difference Fourier maps and refined using a riding model. Upon refinement, the crystal of (II) was found to contain a mixture of anions, the major component being the expected PF6-, with a small fraction of ClO4-. A disorder model was constructed by including a fractional Cl atom constrained to the same coordinates and anisotropic displacement parameters as the P atom, and fractional O-atom positions obtained from a difference Fourier map.
For both compounds, data collection: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998); cell refinement: SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); data reduction: DENZO-SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1990); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997); molecular graphics: XP in SHELXTL (Siemens, 1994); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 and local procedures.
[Cu(C3H4N2)6](AsF6)2 | Dx = 1.943 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 849.87 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Trigonal, P3 | Cell parameters from 3793 reflections |
a = 10.1780 (14) Å | θ = 1.0–27.5° |
c = 8.0980 (16) Å | µ = 3.12 mm−1 |
V = 726.5 (2) Å3 | T = 173 K |
Z = 1 | Irregular block, blue |
F(000) = 419 | 0.30 × 0.28 × 0.25 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1107 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 949 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.032 |
Detector resolution: 18 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.4°, θmin = 2.3° |
ω scans at fixed χ = 55° | h = −13→8 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | k = −12→13 |
Tmin = 0.409, Tmax = 0.458 | l = −10→10 |
4497 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
Least-squares matrix: full | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | H-atom parameters constrained |
wR(F2) = 0.097 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0486P)2 + 0.9805P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
S = 1.06 | (Δ/σ)max < 0.001 |
1107 reflections | Δρmax = 0.97 e Å−3 |
70 parameters | Δρmin = −0.77 e Å−3 |
16 restraints | Extinction correction: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4 |
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods | Extinction coefficient: 0.011 (2) |
[Cu(C3H4N2)6](AsF6)2 | Z = 1 |
Mr = 849.87 | Mo Kα radiation |
Trigonal, P3 | µ = 3.12 mm−1 |
a = 10.1780 (14) Å | T = 173 K |
c = 8.0980 (16) Å | 0.30 × 0.28 × 0.25 mm |
V = 726.5 (2) Å3 |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1107 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | 949 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.409, Tmax = 0.458 | Rint = 0.032 |
4497 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.036 | 16 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.097 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.06 | Δρmax = 0.97 e Å−3 |
1107 reflections | Δρmin = −0.77 e Å−3 |
70 parameters |
Experimental. To assess crystal decay, the first area-detector scan was repeated at the end of the data collection. Comparison of the processed intensities from the first and last scans (128° in ω, 3100 reflections) revealed random fluctuations of less than 1%. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | ||
Cu | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0203 (2) | |
N1 | 0.1098 (3) | −0.0880 (3) | −0.1530 (3) | 0.0352 (6) | |
N2 | 0.2597 (3) | −0.0385 (3) | −0.1463 (3) | 0.0367 (6) | |
H2 | 0.3207 | 0.0230 | −0.0697 | 0.044* | |
C1 | 0.0610 (4) | −0.1772 (4) | −0.2872 (4) | 0.0387 (8) | |
H1 | −0.0410 | −0.2288 | −0.3250 | 0.046* | |
C2 | 0.1794 (4) | −0.1839 (4) | −0.3632 (4) | 0.0421 (8) | |
H2A | 0.1749 | −0.2392 | −0.4597 | 0.050* | |
C3 | 0.3045 (4) | −0.0935 (4) | −0.2690 (5) | 0.0439 (8) | |
H3 | 0.4049 | −0.0737 | −0.2880 | 0.053* | |
As | 0.3333 | −0.3333 | 0.13772 (7) | 0.0308 (2) | |
F1 | 0.4574 (2) | −0.1859 (2) | 0.0146 (3) | 0.0418 (5) | |
F2 | 0.3121 (3) | −0.2072 (3) | 0.2582 (3) | 0.0570 (6) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Cu | 0.0205 (3) | 0.0205 (3) | 0.0200 (4) | 0.01023 (15) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
N1 | 0.0308 (14) | 0.0333 (14) | 0.0251 (13) | 0.0039 (12) | −0.0046 (11) | 0.0027 (10) |
N2 | 0.0352 (15) | 0.0352 (15) | 0.0332 (14) | 0.0125 (12) | −0.0095 (12) | 0.0017 (12) |
C1 | 0.0362 (17) | 0.0383 (18) | 0.0283 (15) | 0.0088 (15) | −0.0050 (14) | 0.0007 (13) |
C2 | 0.053 (2) | 0.0390 (19) | 0.0308 (16) | 0.0209 (17) | −0.0041 (15) | 0.0044 (14) |
C3 | 0.0411 (19) | 0.043 (2) | 0.046 (2) | 0.0195 (16) | −0.0022 (16) | 0.0108 (16) |
As | 0.0282 (2) | 0.0282 (2) | 0.0360 (3) | 0.01409 (12) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
F1 | 0.0345 (10) | 0.0319 (10) | 0.0525 (11) | 0.0118 (8) | −0.0008 (9) | 0.0040 (9) |
F2 | 0.0624 (15) | 0.0530 (14) | 0.0601 (14) | 0.0321 (12) | 0.0024 (12) | −0.0180 (11) |
Cu—N1i | 2.142 (3) | C1—H1 | 0.9500 |
Cu—N1 | 2.142 (3) | C2—C3 | 1.371 (5) |
Cu—N1ii | 2.142 (3) | C2—H2A | 0.9500 |
Cu—N1iii | 2.142 (3) | C3—H3 | 0.9500 |
Cu—N1iv | 2.142 (3) | As—F2vi | 1.709 (2) |
Cu—N1v | 2.142 (3) | As—F2vii | 1.709 (2) |
N1—C1 | 1.342 (4) | As—F2 | 1.710 (2) |
N1—N2 | 1.347 (4) | As—F1vi | 1.716 (2) |
N2—C3 | 1.328 (5) | As—F1vii | 1.716 (2) |
N2—H2 | 0.8800 | As—F1 | 1.716 (2) |
C1—C2 | 1.385 (5) | ||
N1i—Cu—N1 | 90.11 (10) | C2—C1—H1 | 124.5 |
N1i—Cu—N1ii | 89.89 (10) | C3—C2—C1 | 105.0 (3) |
N1—Cu—N1ii | 90.11 (10) | C3—C2—H2A | 127.5 |
N1i—Cu—N1iii | 90.11 (10) | C1—C2—H2A | 127.5 |
N1—Cu—N1iii | 89.89 (10) | N2—C3—C2 | 107.5 (3) |
N1ii—Cu—N1iii | 180.0 | N2—C3—H3 | 126.3 |
N1i—Cu—N1iv | 89.89 (10) | C2—C3—H3 | 126.3 |
N1—Cu—N1iv | 180.00 (11) | F2vi—As—F2vii | 90.68 (12) |
N1ii—Cu—N1iv | 89.89 (10) | F2vi—As—F2 | 90.68 (12) |
N1iii—Cu—N1iv | 90.11 (10) | F2vii—As—F2 | 90.68 (12) |
N1i—Cu—N1v | 180.0 | F2vi—As—F1vi | 89.38 (11) |
N1—Cu—N1v | 89.89 (10) | F2vii—As—F1vi | 179.01 (10) |
N1ii—Cu—N1v | 90.11 (10) | F2—As—F1vi | 90.31 (11) |
N1iii—Cu—N1v | 89.89 (10) | F2vi—As—F1vii | 90.31 (11) |
N1iv—Cu—N1v | 90.11 (10) | F2vii—As—F1vii | 89.38 (11) |
C1—N1—N2 | 104.6 (3) | F2—As—F1vii | 179.01 (10) |
C1—N1—Cu | 131.1 (2) | F1vi—As—F1vii | 89.63 (10) |
N2—N1—Cu | 123.4 (2) | F2vi—As—F1 | 179.01 (10) |
C3—N2—N1 | 112.1 (3) | F2vii—As—F1 | 90.31 (11) |
C3—N2—H2 | 124.0 | F2—As—F1 | 89.38 (11) |
N1—N2—H2 | 124.0 | F1vi—As—F1 | 89.63 (10) |
N1—C1—C2 | 110.9 (3) | F1vii—As—F1 | 89.63 (10) |
N1—C1—H1 | 124.5 | ||
N1i—Cu—N1—C1 | 89.4 (2) | C1—N1—N2—C3 | −0.3 (4) |
N1ii—Cu—N1—C1 | 179.3 (3) | Cu—N1—N2—C3 | −170.5 (2) |
N1iii—Cu—N1—C1 | −0.7 (3) | N2—N1—C1—C2 | 0.3 (4) |
N1v—Cu—N1—C1 | −90.6 (2) | Cu—N1—C1—C2 | 169.5 (2) |
N1i—Cu—N1—N2 | −103.2 (3) | N1—C1—C2—C3 | −0.2 (4) |
N1ii—Cu—N1—N2 | −13.3 (2) | N1—N2—C3—C2 | 0.2 (4) |
N1iii—Cu—N1—N2 | 166.7 (2) | C1—C2—C3—N2 | 0.0 (4) |
N1v—Cu—N1—N2 | 76.8 (3) |
Symmetry codes: (i) y, −x+y, −z; (ii) x−y, x, −z; (iii) −x+y, −x, z; (iv) −x, −y, −z; (v) −y, x−y, z; (vi) −y, x−y−1, z; (vii) −x+y+1, −x, z. |
[Cu(C3H4N2)6](PF6)1.29(ClO4)0.71 | Dx = 1.740 Mg m−3 |
Mr = 729.90 | Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å |
Trigonal, P3 | Cell parameters from 4084 reflections |
a = 9.995 (1) Å | θ = 1.0–27.5° |
c = 8.052 (1) Å | µ = 1.03 mm−1 |
V = 696.63 (13) Å3 | T = 173 K |
Z = 1 | Irregular block, blue |
F(000) = 369 | 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1072 independent reflections |
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube | 967 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Graphite monochromator | Rint = 0.030 |
Detector resolution: 18 pixels mm-1 | θmax = 27.5°, θmin = 2.4° |
ω scans at fixed χ = 55° | h = −12→10 |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | k = −12→12 |
Tmin = 0.623, Tmax = 0.685 | l = −10→10 |
4132 measured reflections |
Refinement on F2 | Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods |
Least-squares matrix: full | Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites |
wR(F2) = 0.096 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.07 | w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.049P)2 + 0.3481P] where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3 |
1072 reflections | (Δ/σ)max = 0.002 |
82 parameters | Δρmax = 0.27 e Å−3 |
93 restraints | Δρmin = −0.60 e Å−3 |
[Cu(C3H4N2)6](PF6)1.29(ClO4)0.71 | Z = 1 |
Mr = 729.90 | Mo Kα radiation |
Trigonal, P3 | µ = 1.03 mm−1 |
a = 9.995 (1) Å | T = 173 K |
c = 8.052 (1) Å | 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 mm |
V = 696.63 (13) Å3 |
Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | 1072 independent reflections |
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | 967 reflections with I > 2σ(I) |
Tmin = 0.623, Tmax = 0.685 | Rint = 0.030 |
4132 measured reflections |
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.037 | 93 restraints |
wR(F2) = 0.096 | H-atom parameters constrained |
S = 1.07 | Δρmax = 0.27 e Å−3 |
1072 reflections | Δρmin = −0.60 e Å−3 |
82 parameters |
Experimental. To assess crystal decay, the first area-detector scan was repeated at the end of the data collection. Comparison of the processed intensities from the first and last scans (104° in ω, 2594 reflections) revealed random fluctuations of less than 1%. Upon refinement, the crystal of (II) was found to contain a mixture of anions, the major component being the expected PF6-, with a small fraction of ClO4-. A disorder model was constructed by including including a fractional Cl atom constrained to the same coordinates and anisotropic displacement parameters as the P atom, and fractional O-atom positions obtained from a difference Fourier map. |
Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes. |
Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger. |
x | y | z | Uiso*/Ueq | Occ. (<1) | |
Cu | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0000 | 0.0288 (2) | |
N1 | 0.1117 (2) | 0.1999 (2) | 0.1531 (2) | 0.0448 (5) | |
N2 | 0.2639 (2) | 0.3012 (2) | 0.1476 (2) | 0.0497 (5) | |
H2 | 0.3261 | 0.3003 | 0.0708 | 0.060* | |
C1 | 0.0626 (3) | 0.2429 (3) | 0.2872 (3) | 0.0507 (6) | |
H1 | −0.0415 | 0.1924 | 0.3244 | 0.061* | |
C2 | 0.1822 (3) | 0.3694 (3) | 0.3641 (3) | 0.0522 (6) | |
H2A | 0.1772 | 0.4218 | 0.4602 | 0.063* | |
C3 | 0.3099 (3) | 0.4026 (3) | 0.2708 (3) | 0.0571 (6) | |
H3 | 0.4126 | 0.4835 | 0.2909 | 0.068* | |
P | 0.6667 | 0.3333 | 0.14457 (13) | 0.0431 (3) | 0.643 (6) |
F1 | 0.6445 (3) | 0.1946 (3) | 0.0207 (3) | 0.0465 (7) | 0.643 (6) |
F2 | 0.5269 (3) | 0.2137 (3) | 0.2488 (3) | 0.0607 (11) | 0.643 (6) |
Cl | 0.6667 | 0.3333 | 0.14457 (13) | 0.0431 (3) | 0.357 (6) |
O1A | 0.6667 | 0.3333 | 0.3225 (15) | 0.155 (8) | 0.357 (6) |
O2A | 0.5774 (18) | 0.1831 (12) | 0.0960 (18) | 0.163 (7) | 0.357 (6) |
U11 | U22 | U33 | U12 | U13 | U23 | |
Cu | 0.0298 (2) | 0.0298 (2) | 0.0267 (3) | 0.01492 (11) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
N1 | 0.0418 (10) | 0.0669 (13) | 0.0323 (9) | 0.0321 (10) | 0.0023 (7) | 0.0066 (8) |
N2 | 0.0516 (11) | 0.0537 (12) | 0.0432 (11) | 0.0259 (10) | 0.0129 (9) | 0.0099 (9) |
C1 | 0.0500 (13) | 0.0775 (17) | 0.0349 (11) | 0.0395 (13) | 0.0036 (10) | 0.0036 (11) |
C2 | 0.0694 (16) | 0.0581 (14) | 0.0421 (13) | 0.0417 (13) | 0.0029 (11) | 0.0073 (11) |
C3 | 0.0578 (15) | 0.0486 (14) | 0.0606 (15) | 0.0235 (12) | 0.0050 (12) | 0.0125 (12) |
P | 0.0365 (3) | 0.0365 (3) | 0.0562 (6) | 0.01827 (17) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
F1 | 0.0537 (14) | 0.0396 (12) | 0.0535 (14) | 0.0288 (11) | −0.0050 (10) | −0.0035 (10) |
F2 | 0.0558 (16) | 0.0590 (16) | 0.0611 (18) | 0.0242 (12) | 0.0230 (12) | 0.0222 (12) |
Cl | 0.0365 (3) | 0.0365 (3) | 0.0562 (6) | 0.01827 (17) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
O1A | 0.200 (13) | 0.200 (13) | 0.064 (6) | 0.100 (7) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
O2A | 0.160 (12) | 0.070 (5) | 0.167 (13) | −0.011 (7) | −0.085 (12) | −0.016 (7) |
Cu—N1i | 2.128 (2) | C1—H1 | 0.9500 |
Cu—N1 | 2.128 (2) | C2—C3 | 1.371 (4) |
Cu—N1ii | 2.128 (2) | C2—H2A | 0.9500 |
Cu—N1iii | 2.128 (2) | C3—H3 | 0.9500 |
Cu—N1iv | 2.128 (2) | P—F2vi | 1.554 (2) |
Cu—N1v | 2.128 (2) | P—F2 | 1.554 (2) |
N1—N2 | 1.342 (3) | P—F2vii | 1.554 (2) |
N1—C1 | 1.342 (3) | P—F1 | 1.631 (3) |
N2—C3 | 1.326 (3) | P—F1vii | 1.631 (3) |
N2—H2 | 0.8800 | P—F1vi | 1.631 (3) |
C1—C2 | 1.378 (4) | ||
N1—Cu—N1iv | 180.0 (12) | C2—C1—H1 | 124.2 |
N1—Cu—N1ii | 90.20 (7) | C3—C2—C1 | 104.5 (2) |
N1iv—Cu—N1ii | 89.80 (7) | C3—C2—H2A | 127.7 |
N1—Cu—N1iii | 89.80 (7) | C1—C2—H2A | 127.7 |
N1iv—Cu—N1iii | 90.20 (7) | N2—C3—C2 | 107.4 (2) |
N1ii—Cu—N1iii | 180.00 (12) | N2—C3—H3 | 126.3 |
N1—Cu—N1v | 89.80 (7) | C2—C3—H3 | 126.3 |
N1iv—Cu—N1v | 90.20 (7) | F2vi—P—F2 | 93.57 (15) |
N1ii—Cu—N1v | 90.20 (7) | F2vi—P—F2vii | 93.57 (15) |
N1iii—Cu—N1v | 89.80 (7) | F2—P—F2vii | 93.57 (15) |
N1—Cu—N1i | 90.20 (7) | F2vi—P—F1 | 174.93 (16) |
N1iv—Cu—N1i | 89.80 (7) | F2—P—F1 | 89.34 (14) |
N1ii—Cu—N1i | 89.80 (7) | F2vii—P—F1 | 90.39 (14) |
N1iii—Cu—N1i | 90.20 (7) | F2vi—P—F1vii | 90.39 (14) |
N1v—Cu—N1i | 180.00 (12) | F2—P—F1vii | 174.92 (16) |
N2—N1—C1 | 104.1 (2) | F2vii—P—F1vii | 89.34 (14) |
N2—N1—Cu | 123.64 (15) | F1—P—F1vii | 86.48 (15) |
C1—N1—Cu | 131.48 (18) | F2vi—P—F1vi | 89.34 (14) |
C3—N2—N1 | 112.4 (2) | F2—P—F1vi | 90.39 (14) |
C3—N2—H2 | 123.8 | F2vii—P—F1vi | 174.92 (16) |
N1—N2—H2 | 123.8 | F1—P—F1vi | 86.48 (15) |
N1—C1—C2 | 111.5 (2) | F1vii—P—F1vi | 86.48 (15) |
N1—C1—H1 | 124.2 | ||
N1ii—Cu—N1—N2 | −103.5 (2) | C1—N1—N2—C3 | 0.2 (3) |
N1iii—Cu—N1—N2 | 76.5 (2) | Cu—N1—N2—C3 | −170.45 (16) |
N1v—Cu—N1—N2 | 166.33 (16) | N2—N1—C1—C2 | 0.2 (3) |
N1i—Cu—N1—N2 | −13.67 (16) | Cu—N1—C1—C2 | 169.81 (16) |
N1ii—Cu—N1—C1 | 88.62 (17) | N1—C1—C2—C3 | −0.5 (3) |
N1iii—Cu—N1—C1 | −91.38 (17) | N1—N2—C3—C2 | −0.5 (3) |
N1v—Cu—N1—C1 | −1.6 (2) | C1—C2—C3—N2 | 0.6 (3) |
N1i—Cu—N1—C1 | 178.4 (2) |
Symmetry codes: (i) y, −x+y, −z; (ii) x−y, x, −z; (iii) −x+y, −x, z; (iv) −x, −y, −z; (v) −y, x−y, z; (vi) −x+y+1, −x+1, z; (vii) −y+1, x−y, z. |
Experimental details
(I) | (II) | |
Crystal data | ||
Chemical formula | [Cu(C3H4N2)6](AsF6)2 | [Cu(C3H4N2)6](PF6)1.29(ClO4)0.71 |
Mr | 849.87 | 729.90 |
Crystal system, space group | Trigonal, P3 | Trigonal, P3 |
Temperature (K) | 173 | 173 |
a, c (Å) | 10.1780 (14), 8.0980 (16) | 9.995 (1), 8.052 (1) |
V (Å3) | 726.5 (2) | 696.63 (13) |
Z | 1 | 1 |
Radiation type | Mo Kα | Mo Kα |
µ (mm−1) | 3.12 | 1.03 |
Crystal size (mm) | 0.30 × 0.28 × 0.25 | 0.4 × 0.4 × 0.4 |
Data collection | ||
Diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer | Nonius KappaCCD area-detector diffractometer |
Absorption correction | Multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) | Multi-scan (SCALEPACK; Otwinowski & Minor, 1997) |
Tmin, Tmax | 0.409, 0.458 | 0.623, 0.685 |
No. of measured, independent and observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections | 4497, 1107, 949 | 4132, 1072, 967 |
Rint | 0.032 | 0.030 |
(sin θ/λ)max (Å−1) | 0.648 | 0.650 |
Refinement | ||
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S | 0.036, 0.097, 1.06 | 0.037, 0.096, 1.07 |
No. of reflections | 1107 | 1072 |
No. of parameters | 70 | 82 |
No. of restraints | 16 | 93 |
H-atom treatment | H-atom parameters constrained | H-atom parameters constrained |
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å−3) | 0.97, −0.77 | 0.27, −0.60 |
Computer programs: COLLECT (Nonius, 1998), SCALEPACK (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), DENZO-SMN (Otwinowski & Minor, 1997), SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 1990), SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 1997), XP in SHELXTL (Siemens, 1994), SHELXL97 and local procedures.
Cu—N1 | 2.142 (3) | ||
N1—Cu—N1i | 90.11 (10) | N1—Cu—N1iii | 180.00 (11) |
N1—Cu—N1ii | 89.89 (10) |
Symmetry codes: (i) x−y, x, −z; (ii) −x+y, −x, z; (iii) −x, −y, −z. |
Cu—N1 | 2.128 (2) | ||
N1—Cu—N1i | 180.0 (12) | N1—Cu—N1iii | 89.80 (7) |
N1—Cu—N1ii | 90.20 (7) |
Symmetry codes: (i) −x, −y, −z; (ii) x−y, x, −z; (iii) −x+y, −x, z. |
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Pyrazole (pzH) forms a variety of metal complexes (Steel, 1990; Trofimenko, 1986, 1972), the simplest having the formulation [M(pzH)n]Xp, where M is a metal and X is an anion. Reported complexes with n = 6 include [M(pzH)6]X2 (with M = Mg, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Zn or Cd, and X = NO3, BF4 or ClO4; Trofimenko, 1972). The structures of [Ni(pzH)6](BF4)2 (Ten-Hoedt et al., 1983), [Ni(pzH)6](NO3)2 (Reimann et al., 1970) and [Mn(pzH)6](ClO4)2 (Lumme et al., 1988) are known. Thus, hexakis(pyrazole) complexes exist for all first-row divalent transition metal ions from Mn to Zn, except for Cu. It has been suggested that a maximum of four pyrazoles can coordinate to CuII (Trofimenko, 1972; Nicholls & Warburton, 1971; Daugherty & Swisher, 1968). We attributed this lack of maximal coordination to the tendency of six-coordinate CuII complexes to undergo Jahn-Teller distortions (Hathaway & Billing, 1970). Such distorted structures are, presumably, more likely to form with six nonequivalent ligands. Hence, we anticipated that six pyrazoles could coordinate to CuII if non-coordinating anions were used and, therefore, undertook to prepare hexakis(pyrazole)copper(II) complexes by using weakly ligating AsF6- and PF6- as the counterions. We have isolated two isostructural salts containing the [Cu(pzH)6]2+ complex cation, namely [Cu(pzH)6](AsF6)2, (I), and [Cu(pzH)6](PF6)2, (II), and their crystal structures are presented here. \sch
The CuII atoms in (I) (Fig. 1, Table 1) and (II) (Fig. 2, Table 2) occupy sites with 3 symmetry, requiring symmetry-equivalent Cu—N bonds. Such equal copper-ligand bond distances are atypical for CuII and warrant further discussion. Six-coordinate CuII complexes tend to have distorted octahedral geometries, usually with two long axial bonds and four short equatorial bonds, in accordance with the Jahn-Teller theorem (Hathaway & Billing, 1970; Ham, 1962). Few compounds have been reported in which the symmetry of the Cu coordination polyhedron is higher than that allowed by the Jahn-Teller theorem. These include [Cu(H2O)6](BrO3)2 (Blackburn et al., 1991) and [K2Pb(Cu(NO2)6] (Isaacs & Kennard, 1967), which contain monodentate ligands, [Cu(en)3](SO4) (en is ethylenediamine; Cullen & Lingafelter, 1970), which contains three bidentate ligands, and [Cu(ompa)2](ClO4)2 (ompa is octamethylpyrophosphoramide; Joesten et al., 1968, 1970) and [Cu(tach)2](NO3)2 (tach is cis,cis-1,3,5-triaminocylohexane; Ammeter et al., 1979), which contain two tridentate ligands.
One explanation of these apparent violations of the Jahn-Teller theorem is the existence of a dynamic Jahn-Teller distortion, i.e. the complex could oscillate between three possible distortions, giving a regular time average. A second possibility is disordered static Jahn-Teller distortion, in which each molecule is trapped in a single distortion, and these distortions in turn are distributed randomly to produce a spatial average.
Evidence in support of Jahn-Teller effects in (I) and (II) is provided by the direction of the maximum anisotropic displacement parameter of each bonded N atom (Figs. 1 and 2), which is nearly parallel to the metal-N bond (Cullen & Lingafelter, 1970; Blackburn et al., 1991). The angle between the largest principle axis of the displacement ellipsoid and the metal-N1 bond is 23.5° in (I) and 26.2° in (II). In contrast, a much larger angle (49.5°) is observed for the isomorphous NiII complex, [Ni(pzH)6](NO3)2, which is not subject to Jahn-Teller effects. These effects are also quantifiable in terms of ΔU values (Chandrasekhar & Bürgi, 1984). For compounds (I) and (II), the ΔU values along the Cu—N1 bonds are 0.0323 and 0.0324 Å2, respectively. These are roughly an order of magnitude larger than the ΔU values for the other bonded pairs of atoms in the pyrazole ring in both (I) and (II). They are also relatively larger than the value of 0.0105 Å2 obtained for ΔU along the Ni—N1 bond in [Ni(pzH)6](NO3)2.
Hydrogen bonds in (I) and (II) create an extended network of [Cu(pzH)6]2+ and AsF6- or PF6- moieties. For example, as illustrated in Fig. 3, the N—H H atom of each pyrazole ring in (I) forms a hydrogen bond to an F atom of the AsF6- ion [H2···F1 2.074 (3) Å]. Each AsF6- anion forms hydrogen bonds to three different [Cu(pzH)6]2+ moieties, and each [Cu(pzH)6]2+ moiety forms hydrogen bonds to six different AsF6- anions.
The magnetic moment and visible spectrum data for (I) and (II) (see Experimental) are characteristic of a magnetically dilute six-coordinate CuII ion. The energy of the peak maximum in the visible spectra (15100 cm-1) is comparable with those observed for other complexes containing the [CuN6]2+ chromophore (McKenzie, 1970). The IR bands for the PF6- and AsF6- moieties are assigned on the basis of data from previously characterized hexafluorophosphate and hexafluoroarsenate complexes (Morrison & Thompson, 1982). For (I), ν3 and ν4 of the AsF6- group are observed at 705 and 411 cm-1, respectively, and show no splitting. The corresponding bands for the PF6- group in (II) are observed at 840 and 561 cm-1, respectively. These data are consistent with criteria for non-coordinating AsF6- or PF6- moieties (Morrison & Thompson, 1982).