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Pure or rare-earth-ion-doped La2CaB10O19 (LCB) is a promising optical material for nonlinear frequency conversion, laser and self-frequency doubling applications. In this paper, the thermophysical properties of Nd3+-doped LCB (Nd:LCB) crystals were measured and compared with those of pure and of Yb3+- and Er3+-doped LCB, as well as other borate nonlinear optical crystals. The melting points of rare-earth-doped LCB crystals are lower than that of pure LCB. Thermal expansion coefficients along the a, b, c, c*, a*, <110> and <110>* directions have been measured, and the principal expansion coefficients were calculated to be 1.85 × 10-6, 4.13 × 10-6 and 8.79 × 10-6 K-1. The measured specific heat of Nd:LCB is lower than that of pure LCB, resulting in a larger internal temperature gradient under irradiation by a pulsed laser beam. The measured thermal expansion anisotropy of Nd:LCB is stronger than that of pure LCB. The thermal conductivities of Nd:LCB along the c and c* directions are smaller than those along other crystallographic directions.

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