organic compounds\(\def\hfill{\hskip 5em}\def\hfil{\hskip 3em}\def\eqno#1{\hfil {#1}}\)

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890

Ethyl­enedi­ammonium dichloride

aCarl A. Olson Memorial Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA
*Correspondence e-mail: rogerlal@andromeda.rutgers.edu

(Received 7 May 2009; accepted 14 May 2009; online 20 May 2009)

The title ionic compound, C2H10N22+·2Cl, crystallizes with a center of symmetry within the cation. Each of the positively charged ammonium ends of the mol­ecule is trigonally hydrogen bonded to three different chloride counter-ions, while each of the chloride ions is trigonally hydrogen bonded to three different ethyl­enediammonium cations. The hydrogen-bonding network leads to stabilization of the structure.

Related literature

For the applications of ethyl­enediamine, see: Kotti et al. (2006[Kotti, S. R. S. S., Timmons, C. & Li, G. (2006). Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 67, 101-114.]); Warner (1912[Warner, A. (1912). Chem. Ber. 45, 121-130.]).

[Scheme 1]

Experimental

Crystal data
  • C2H10N22+·2Cl

  • Mr = 133.02

  • Monoclinic, P 21 /c

  • a = 4.3807 (3) Å

  • b = 6.8569 (4) Å

  • c = 9.9464 (5) Å

  • β = 91.192 (2)°

  • V = 298.71 (3) Å3

  • Z = 2

  • Cu Kα radiation

  • μ = 8.71 mm−1

  • T = 100 K

  • 0.45 × 0.30 × 0.29 mm

Data collection
  • Bruker SMART CCD APEXII area-detector diffractometer

  • Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Sheldrick, 2001[Sheldrick, G. M. (2001). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.]) Tmin = 0.085, Tmax = 0.090

  • 1654 measured reflections

  • 521 independent reflections

  • 520 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

  • Rint = 0.022

Refinement
  • R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028

  • wR(F2) = 0.070

  • S = 1.15

  • 521 reflections

  • 44 parameters

  • Only H-atom coordinates refined

  • Δρmax = 0.41 e Å−3

  • Δρmin = −0.31 e Å−3

Table 1
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, °)

D—H⋯A D—H H⋯A DA D—H⋯A
N1—H1E⋯Cl1 0.89 (2) 2.27 (2) 3.1514 (15) 175 (2)
N1—H1D⋯Cl1i 0.80 (3) 2.39 (3) 3.1770 (15) 170 (2)
N1—H1C⋯Cl1ii 0.91 (2) 2.29 (2) 3.1922 (15) 171 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) [-x+1, y+{\script{1\over 2}}, -z+{\script{3\over 2}}]; (ii) [x, -y+{\script{1\over 2}}, z+{\script{1\over 2}}].

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006[Bruker (2006). APEX2. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); cell refinement: APEX2; data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2005[Bruker (2005). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.]); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008[Sheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112-122.]); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL; molecular graphics: SHELXTL; software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL.

Supporting information


Comment top

Ethylenediamine has been used for approximately one century in the preparation of many metal coordination complexes, such as tris(ethylenediamine)cobalt(III) chloride (Warner, 1912). This is an important precursor to many polymers, chelating agents and pharmaceuticals, including drug design (Kotti, et al., 2006). Since it is a widely used building block in the synthesis of many materials, its structure is of interest. However, it exists as a liquid at room temperature, with a melting point of 282K. We report herein the crystal structure of the dichloride salt of ethylenediamine.

Ethylenediammonium dichloride (I) crystallizes with a center of symmetry in the ethylene moiety. Fig. 1 shows the dication with one chloride counterion hydrogen bonded at each terminal nitrogen atom; however, there are three such chloride ions surrounding each N atom. The angles around both N1 and C1 are essentially tetrahedral, with the N1—C1—C1[1 - x,1/2 + y,2.5 - z] angle = 109.68 (18)°, and the angles around N1 range from 102 (2) to 115 (2) °.

Fig. 2 illustrates the packing of (I). Each of the chloride counterions is trigonally H bonded to three different ethylenediammonium cations with N···Cl bond distances of 3.1516 (15), 3.1931 (16) & 3.1749 (16) Å and angles N—H···Cl of 175 (2), 170 (2) & 173 (2) ° (see Table 1). Protonation occurs at both ammonium sites in the molecule (the 2nd is centrosymmetrically related); as a result, each nitrogen is also trigonally H bonded to three symmetry-related chlorides. This H bonding fixes both the chloride anions and the organic dication very rigidly in the lattice. Therefore, through symmetry, there exist six N—H···Cl bonds for each molecule, which leads to a great degree of stabilization in the structure.

Related literature top

For the applications of ethylenediamine, see: Kotti et al. (2006); Warner (1912).

Experimental top

Compound (I) was prepared by mixing 2.5 ml of ethylenediamine with 62 ml of water. Then 7.5 ml of 12 M HCl were added and this mixture was stirred in an ice bath at 273K until a white precipitate formed. The white precipitate was filtered and washed 3 times with methyl alcohol. The product was dissolved in water and then 12 M HCl was added until precipitation just began; a small quantity of water was then added to redissolve the precipitate. This mixture was allowed to evaporate slowly and large colorless needles of (I) formed, which were used directly for X-ray analyis.

Refinement top

All H atoms for (I) were found in electron density difference maps. The ammonium and methylene Hs' fractional coordinates were allowed to refine, but their isotropic thermal parameters were set at Uiso(H) = 1.5Ueq(N) and 1.2Ueq(C).

Computing details top

Data collection: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); cell refinement: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006); data reduction: SAINT (Bruker, 2005); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures top
[Figure 1] Fig. 1. The molecluar structure of (I), with its numbering; one-half of the molecule is generated through a center of symmetry at 1/2,1/2,1/2 in the chosen unit cell. The H bonds to the chlorides are shown as dashed lines. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 80% probability level.
[Figure 2] Fig. 2. A partial packing diagram for (I), with extracellular molecules, illustrating the trigonal hydrogen bonding of the chloride ion to three different ethylenediammonium cations. Also the three H atoms of the ammonium are bound to three different chloride counterions. All of the cations lie on centers of symmetry, at 1/2,1/2,1/2 and 1/2,0,0. Displacement ellipsoids are drawn at the 80% probability level.
Ethylenediammonium dichloride top
Crystal data top
C2H10N22+·2ClF(000) = 140
Mr = 133.02Dx = 1.479 Mg m3
Monoclinic, P21/cCu Kα radiation, λ = 1.54178 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ybcCell parameters from 1684 reflections
a = 4.3807 (3) Åθ = 4.5–67.4°
b = 6.8569 (4) ŵ = 8.71 mm1
c = 9.9464 (5) ÅT = 100 K
β = 91.192 (2)°Parallelepiped, colourless
V = 298.71 (3) Å30.45 × 0.30 × 0.29 mm
Z = 2
Data collection top
Bruker SMART CCD APEXII area-detector
diffractometer
521 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube520 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromatorRint = 0.022
ϕ and ω scansθmax = 67.8°, θmin = 7.9°
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2001)
h = 54
Tmin = 0.085, Tmax = 0.090k = 88
1654 measured reflectionsl = 1111
Refinement top
Refinement on F2Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
Least-squares matrix: fullHydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.028Only H-atom coordinates refined
wR(F2) = 0.070 w = 1/[σ2(Fo2) + (0.0415P)2 + 0.1865P]
where P = (Fo2 + 2Fc2)/3
S = 1.15(Δ/σ)max < 0.001
521 reflectionsΔρmax = 0.41 e Å3
44 parametersΔρmin = 0.31 e Å3
0 restraintsExtinction correction: SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008), Fc*=kFc[1+0.001xFc2λ3/sin(2θ)]-1/4
Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methodsExtinction coefficient: 0.066 (5)
Crystal data top
C2H10N22+·2ClV = 298.71 (3) Å3
Mr = 133.02Z = 2
Monoclinic, P21/cCu Kα radiation
a = 4.3807 (3) ŵ = 8.71 mm1
b = 6.8569 (4) ÅT = 100 K
c = 9.9464 (5) Å0.45 × 0.30 × 0.29 mm
β = 91.192 (2)°
Data collection top
Bruker SMART CCD APEXII area-detector
diffractometer
521 independent reflections
Absorption correction: multi-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2001)
520 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Tmin = 0.085, Tmax = 0.090Rint = 0.022
1654 measured reflections
Refinement top
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)] = 0.0280 restraints
wR(F2) = 0.070Only H-atom coordinates refined
S = 1.15Δρmax = 0.41 e Å3
521 reflectionsΔρmin = 0.31 e Å3
44 parameters
Special details top

Experimental. crystal mounted on cryoloop using Paratone-N

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F2 against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F2, conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F2. The threshold expression of F2 > σ(F2) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F2 are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Å2) top
xyzUiso*/Ueq
Cl10.91302 (8)0.07997 (5)0.67014 (3)0.0043 (3)
C10.3856 (4)0.0762 (2)0.97532 (18)0.0037 (4)
H1A0.254 (5)0.019 (3)0.903 (2)0.004*
H1B0.269 (5)0.131 (3)1.047 (2)0.004*
N10.5508 (3)0.2442 (2)0.91610 (14)0.0044 (4)
H1C0.660 (5)0.305 (3)0.983 (2)0.007*
H1D0.444 (5)0.328 (4)0.885 (2)0.007*
H1E0.654 (5)0.206 (3)0.845 (2)0.007*
Atomic displacement parameters (Å2) top
U11U22U33U12U13U23
Cl10.0057 (3)0.0048 (3)0.0023 (3)0.00036 (11)0.00138 (18)0.00050 (11)
C10.0017 (8)0.0051 (9)0.0041 (8)0.0003 (6)0.0013 (7)0.0001 (5)
N10.0067 (7)0.0032 (7)0.0031 (7)0.0013 (6)0.0015 (6)0.0009 (5)
Geometric parameters (Å, º) top
C1—N11.488 (2)N1—H1C0.91 (2)
C1—C1i1.522 (3)N1—H1D0.80 (3)
C1—H1A0.99 (2)N1—H1E0.89 (2)
C1—H1B0.96 (2)
N1—C1—C1i109.68 (18)C1—N1—H1C108.8 (13)
N1—C1—H1A107.3 (12)C1—N1—H1D114.8 (16)
C1i—C1—H1A109.4 (13)H1C—N1—H1D104 (2)
N1—C1—H1B105.1 (13)C1—N1—H1E110.4 (15)
C1i—C1—H1B112.8 (13)H1C—N1—H1E116 (2)
H1A—C1—H1B112.3 (17)H1D—N1—H1E102 (2)
Symmetry code: (i) x+1, y, z+2.
Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1E···Cl10.89 (2)2.27 (2)3.1514 (15)175 (2)
N1—H1D···Cl1ii0.80 (3)2.39 (3)3.1770 (15)170 (2)
N1—H1C···Cl1iii0.91 (2)2.29 (2)3.1922 (15)171 (2)
Symmetry codes: (ii) x+1, y+1/2, z+3/2; (iii) x, y+1/2, z+1/2.

Experimental details

Crystal data
Chemical formulaC2H10N22+·2Cl
Mr133.02
Crystal system, space groupMonoclinic, P21/c
Temperature (K)100
a, b, c (Å)4.3807 (3), 6.8569 (4), 9.9464 (5)
β (°) 91.192 (2)
V3)298.71 (3)
Z2
Radiation typeCu Kα
µ (mm1)8.71
Crystal size (mm)0.45 × 0.30 × 0.29
Data collection
DiffractometerBruker SMART CCD APEXII area-detector
diffractometer
Absorption correctionMulti-scan
(SADABS; Sheldrick, 2001)
Tmin, Tmax0.085, 0.090
No. of measured, independent and
observed [I > 2σ(I)] reflections
1654, 521, 520
Rint0.022
(sin θ/λ)max1)0.600
Refinement
R[F2 > 2σ(F2)], wR(F2), S 0.028, 0.070, 1.15
No. of reflections521
No. of parameters44
H-atom treatmentOnly H-atom coordinates refined
Δρmax, Δρmin (e Å3)0.41, 0.31

Computer programs: APEX2 (Bruker, 2006), SAINT (Bruker, 2005), SHELXTL (Sheldrick, 2008).

Hydrogen-bond geometry (Å, º) top
D—H···AD—HH···AD···AD—H···A
N1—H1E···Cl10.89 (2)2.27 (2)3.1514 (15)175 (2)
N1—H1D···Cl1i0.80 (3)2.39 (3)3.1770 (15)170 (2)
N1—H1C···Cl1ii0.91 (2)2.29 (2)3.1922 (15)171 (2)
Symmetry codes: (i) x+1, y+1/2, z+3/2; (ii) x, y+1/2, z+1/2.
 

Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge support by the NSF-CRIF (grant No. 0443538).

References

First citationBruker (2005). SAINT. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationBruker (2006). APEX2. Bruker AXS Inc., Madison, Wisconsin, USA.  Google Scholar
First citationKotti, S. R. S. S., Timmons, C. & Li, G. (2006). Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 67, 101–114.  PubMed CAS Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2001). SADABS. University of Göttingen, Germany.  Google Scholar
First citationSheldrick, G. M. (2008). Acta Cryst. A64, 112–122.  Web of Science CrossRef CAS IUCr Journals Google Scholar
First citationWarner, A. (1912). Chem. Ber. 45, 121–130.  Google Scholar

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) Licence, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original authors and source are cited.

Journal logoCRYSTALLOGRAPHIC
COMMUNICATIONS
ISSN: 2056-9890
Follow Acta Cryst. E
Sign up for e-alerts
Follow Acta Cryst. on Twitter
Follow us on facebook
Sign up for RSS feeds