4,12-Bis(2,2-di­bromo­vinyl)[2.2]para­cyclo­phane

In the title compound, C₂₀H₁₆Br₄, both vinylic substituents were introduced by a Corey–Fuchs reaction using 4,12-diform­yl[2.2]paracyclo­phane as starting material. The title compound may be used as a valuable precursor for the synthesis of diethyn­yl[2.2]paracyclo­phane. The title mol­ecule is centrosymmetric with a crystallographic center of inversion between the centers of the two phenyl rings. A strong tilting is observed with an inter­planar angle between the best aromatic plane and the vinyl plane of 49.4 (5)°. No significant inter­molecular inter­actions are found in the crystal.

Related literature

For related structures of halovinyl compounds, see: Clément et al. (2007a,b); Jones et al. (1993); Hua et al. (2006). For ethynyl-functionalized[2.2]paracyclo­phanes, see: Jones et al. (2007). For the Corey–Fuchs reaction, see: Corey et al. (1972). For applications of [2.2]paracyclo­phanes, see: Hopf et al. (2008). For an alternative to the classical Sonogashira synthesis, see: Morisaki et al. (2003).

Experimental

Crystal data

• C₂₀H₁₆Br₄

• M_r = 575.97

• Orthorhombic, P b c a

• a = 12.155 (1) Å

• b = 8.3819 (9) Å

• c = 18.335 (2) Å

• V = 1867.9 (3) ų

• Z = 4

• Mo Kα radiation

• μ = 8.62 mm⁻¹

• T = 173 (2) K

• 0.30 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm

Data collection

• Bruker APEX CCD diffractometer

• Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1999) T_min = 0.141, T_max = 0.418

• 16030 measured reflections

• 2043 independent reflections

• 1766 reflections with I > 2σ(I)

• R_int = 0.045

Refinement

• R[F² > 2σ(F²)] = 0.032

• wR(F²) = 0.073

• S = 1.08

• 2043 reflections

• 109 parameters

• H-atom parameters constrained

• Δρ_max = 0.84 e Å⁻³

• Δρ_min = −0.60 e Å⁻³

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2001); cell refinement: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2001); data reduction: SAINT-Plus; program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97.

Supporting information

S1. Comment

In the context of our research in developing novel π-conjugated functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes and ferrocenes (Clément et al., 2007a) for potential applications in coordination chemistry, we have recently reported an alternative to the classical Sonogashira synthesis (Morisaki et al., 2003) for the synthesis of ethynyl functionalized [2.2]paracyclophanes (Scheme 2). Our route involves a Corey-Fuchs reaction (Clément et al., 2007b) and subsequent dehydobromation induced by a strong base. In the first step, an ylide species, formed in situ by the interaction of zinc dust, CBr₄ and PPh₃, reacts with the formyl derivative 1a or 1b leading to the dibromoolefin derivatives 2a or 2b. The molecular structure of the vinylic intermediate 2b was elucidated by an single-crystal X-ray diffraction study (Figure 1).

2 b possesses a crystallographic center of inversion in the middle of the cyclophane framework. Bond lengths and angles may be considered as normal. Distortions typical of [2.2]paracyclophane systems, e.g. lengthened C—C bonds and widened angles in the bridges, narrowed ring bond angles at the bridgehead atoms, and boat-like distortion of the rings (the bridgehead atoms lie significantly out of the plane of the other four ring atoms) are observed. As previously noticed for the monodibromoolefin compound 2a, the alkenyl unit of 2b is strongly tilted. The two best planes of the arene (C3, C4, C5, C6, C7, C8; plane 1) and the vinyl-group (Br1, Br2, C1, C2; plane 2) possess a cutting angle of the normals of 49.4 (5)°

Contrary to a recently published, related system, no significant intermolecular interactions are observed for 2b due to inproper orientation of the molecules relative to each other (Hopf et al., 2007).

In the light of our recent work on the reactivity of (2,2-dibromovinyl)ferrocene towards thiolates (Clément et al., 2007b), the vinylic intermediates 2a and 2b should be promising starting materials for building new ligand systems. Synthesis, reactivity and photochemical properties of these new compounds will be reported in due course.

Related literature

For related structures of halovinyl compounds, see: Clément et al. (2007a,b); Jones et al. (1993); Hua et al. (2006). For ethynyl-functionalized[2.2]paracyclophanes, see: Jones et al. (2007). For the Corey–Fuchs reaction, see: Corey et al. (1972). For applications of [2.2]paracyclophanes, see: Hopf et al. (2008). For alternative to the classical Sonogashira synthesis, see: Morisaki et al. (2003).

S2. Experimental

PPh₃ (4.20 g, 16.0 mmol), CBr₄ (5.31 g, 16.0 mmol) and zinc dust (1.05 g, 16.0 mmol) are placed in a Schlenk tube and CH₂Cl₂ (45 ml) is added slowly. The mixture is stirred at room temperature for 28 h. Then, 1 b (1.05 g, 4.00 mmol), dissolved in CH₂Cl₂ (20 ml), is added and stirring is continued for 2 h. The reaction mixture is extracted with three 50 ml portions of pentane. CH₂Cl₂ is added when the reaction mixture became too viscous for further extractions. The extracts are filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product was purified by column chromatography on silica gel with CH₂Cl₂/petroleum ether (1:1). Slow evaporation afforded white crystals of 2 b (Yield: 94%). mp 183°C, ¹H NMR (CDCl₃): 3.00 (m, 7H, CH₂), 3.24 (m, 1H, CH₂), 6.43 (d,2H, J = 8.2 Hz, H_aromatic), 6.59 (d, 2H, J = 2.1 Hz, H_aromatic), 6.65 (dd, 2H, J = 8.2 Hz, J = 2.1 Hz, H_aromatic), 7.43(s, 2H, CH=CBr₂) p.p.m.. ¹³C{¹H}NMR (CDCl₃): 34.9, 35.4 (C-1, C-2, C-9, C-10), 90.5 (C-18,C-20), 130.5, 134.0, 135.7, 135.8 (C-5, C-7, C-8, C-12, C-13, C-15, C-16,C-17), 136.2 (C-4, C-16), 138.1, 139.3 (C-3, C-6, C-11, C-14) p.p.m.. UV-vis (CH₂Cl₂)[l_max nm (e)]: 229 (57544 M^-1.cm^-1),266 (20417 M^-1.cm^-1). Anal. Calcd for C₂₀H₁₆Br₄:C, 41.71, H, 2.80, Found: C, 41.63, H, 2.71.(Clément et al., 2007b).

S3. Refinement

Refinement was accomplished by full-matrix least-squares methods (based on Fo2, SHELXL97); anisotropic thermal parameters for all non-H atoms in the final cycles; hydrogen atoms were placed in calculated positions and refined using a riding model with U_iso(H) = 1.2 U_eq(C).

Computing details

Data collection: SMART (Bruker, 2001); cell refinement: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2001); data reduction: SAINT-Plus (Bruker, 2001); program(s) used to solve structure: SHELXS97 (Sheldrick, 2008); program(s) used to refine structure: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008); molecular graphics: ORTEP-3 (Farrugia, 1997); software used to prepare material for publication: SHELXL97 (Sheldrick, 2008).

Figures

	Fig. 1. ORTEP plotof 2b with 30% probability level.
	Fig. 2. The formation of the title compound.

4,12-Bis(2,2-dibromovinyl)[2.2]paracyclophane

Crystal data

C20H16Br4	Dx = 2.048 Mg m^−3
Mr = 575.97	Melting point: 456 K
Orthorhombic, Pbca	Mo Kα radiation, λ = 0.71073 Å
Hall symbol: -P 2ac 2ab	Cell parameters from 1766 reflections
a = 12.155 (1) Å	θ = 2.2–27.0°
b = 8.3819 (9) Å	µ = 8.62 mm^−1
c = 18.335 (2) Å	T = 173 K
V = 1867.9 (3) Å^3	Irregular, white
Z = 4	0.30 × 0.20 × 0.10 mm
F(000) = 1104

Data collection

Bruker APEX CCD diffractometer	2043 independent reflections
Radiation source: fine-focus sealed tube	1766 reflections with I > 2σ(I)
Graphite monochromator	Rint = 0.045
CCD scans	θmax = 27.0°, θmin = 2.2°
Absorption correction: multi-scan (SADABS; Bruker, 1999)	h = −15→15
Tmin = 0.141, Tmax = 0.418	k = −10→10
16030 measured reflections	l = −23→23

Refinement

Refinement on F^2	Primary atom site location: structure-invariant direct methods
Least-squares matrix: full	Secondary atom site location: difference Fourier map
R[F^2 > 2σ(F^2)] = 0.032	Hydrogen site location: inferred from neighbouring sites
wR(F^2) = 0.073	H-atom parameters constrained
S = 1.08	w = 1/[σ^2(Fo^2) + (0.0298P)^2 + 3.2824P] where P = (Fo^2 + 2Fc^2)/3
2043 reflections	(Δ/σ)max = 0.001
109 parameters	Δρmax = 0.84 e Å^−3
0 restraints	Δρmin = −0.60 e Å^−3

Special details

Geometry. All e.s.d.'s (except the e.s.d. in the dihedral angle between two l.s. planes) are estimated using the full covariance matrix. The cell e.s.d.'s are taken into account individually in the estimation of e.s.d.'s in distances, angles and torsion angles; correlations between e.s.d.'s in cell parameters are only used when they are defined by crystal symmetry. An approximate (isotropic) treatment of cell e.s.d.'s is used for estimating e.s.d.'s involving l.s. planes.

Refinement. Refinement of F² against ALL reflections. The weighted R-factor wR and goodness of fit S are based on F², conventional R-factors R are based on F, with F set to zero for negative F². The threshold expression of F² > σ(F²) is used only for calculating R-factors(gt) etc. and is not relevant to the choice of reflections for refinement. R-factors based on F² are statistically about twice as large as those based on F, and R- factors based on ALL data will be even larger.

Fractional atomic coordinates and isotropic or equivalent isotropic displacement parameters (Ų)

	x	y	z	Uiso*/Ueq
Br1	0.94392 (3)	0.12568 (5)	0.72066 (2)	0.03823 (13)
Br2	1.18942 (3)	0.01277 (4)	0.70021 (2)	0.03403 (12)
C1	1.0695 (3)	0.1284 (4)	0.66105 (19)	0.0223 (7)
C2	1.0750 (3)	0.1954 (4)	0.59555 (18)	0.0216 (7)
H2	1.1423	0.1819	0.5699	0.026*
C3	0.9893 (3)	0.2882 (4)	0.55781 (18)	0.0198 (6)
C4	0.9745 (3)	0.2705 (4)	0.48219 (18)	0.0215 (7)
C5	0.8859 (3)	0.3511 (4)	0.45039 (19)	0.0250 (7)
H5	0.8626	0.3226	0.4027	0.030*
C6	0.8316 (3)	0.4717 (4)	0.4873 (2)	0.0241 (7)
H6	0.7720	0.5255	0.4645	0.029*
C7	0.8632 (3)	0.5151 (4)	0.55752 (19)	0.0227 (7)
C8	0.9336 (3)	0.4115 (4)	0.59427 (18)	0.0213 (7)
H8	0.9442	0.4246	0.6453	0.026*
C9	0.8418 (3)	0.6819 (4)	0.5856 (2)	0.0280 (8)
H9A	0.8312	0.6778	0.6391	0.034*
H9B	0.7729	0.7228	0.5636	0.034*
C10	1.0610 (3)	0.1987 (4)	0.43258 (19)	0.0263 (7)
H10A	1.0256	0.1650	0.3864	0.032*
H10B	1.0918	0.1023	0.4562	0.032*

Atomic displacement parameters (Ų)

	U^11	U^22	U^33	U^12	U^13	U^23
Br1	0.0365 (2)	0.0460 (2)	0.0321 (2)	0.01147 (17)	0.01440 (17)	0.01208 (17)
Br2	0.0273 (2)	0.0414 (2)	0.0335 (2)	0.00426 (16)	−0.00318 (15)	0.01310 (16)
C1	0.0172 (15)	0.0229 (15)	0.0267 (17)	0.0017 (13)	−0.0003 (13)	−0.0005 (13)
C2	0.0174 (15)	0.0218 (15)	0.0256 (17)	0.0000 (12)	0.0026 (13)	0.0015 (13)
C3	0.0163 (15)	0.0181 (15)	0.0251 (17)	−0.0045 (12)	0.0000 (13)	0.0023 (12)
C4	0.0238 (17)	0.0148 (14)	0.0260 (17)	−0.0054 (12)	−0.0006 (13)	−0.0006 (12)
C5	0.0257 (17)	0.0270 (17)	0.0223 (18)	−0.0090 (14)	−0.0035 (14)	0.0024 (13)
C6	0.0173 (16)	0.0240 (16)	0.0309 (19)	−0.0051 (13)	−0.0015 (14)	0.0065 (14)
C7	0.0182 (16)	0.0245 (16)	0.0254 (18)	−0.0033 (13)	0.0047 (13)	0.0034 (13)
C8	0.0198 (16)	0.0228 (16)	0.0212 (16)	−0.0022 (13)	0.0011 (13)	0.0024 (12)
C9	0.0298 (18)	0.0275 (17)	0.0266 (19)	0.0080 (14)	0.0060 (15)	0.0040 (14)
C10	0.0342 (19)	0.0224 (15)	0.0223 (17)	−0.0003 (14)	−0.0004 (15)	−0.0027 (13)

Geometric parameters (Å, º)

Br1—C1	1.878 (3)	C6—C7	1.392 (5)
Br2—C1	1.892 (3)	C6—H6	0.9500
C1—C2	1.328 (5)	C7—C8	1.392 (4)
C2—C3	1.473 (4)	C7—C9	1.512 (5)
C2—H2	0.9500	C8—H8	0.9500
C3—C8	1.405 (4)	C9—C10^i	1.584 (5)
C3—C4	1.406 (5)	C9—H9A	0.9900
C4—C5	1.399 (5)	C9—H9B	0.9900
C4—C10	1.515 (5)	C10—C9^i	1.584 (5)
C5—C6	1.385 (5)	C10—H10A	0.9900
C5—H5	0.9500	C10—H10B	0.9900
C2—C1—Br1	124.9 (2)	C6—C7—C8	117.0 (3)
C2—C1—Br2	121.4 (2)	C6—C7—C9	120.5 (3)
Br1—C1—Br2	113.53 (17)	C8—C7—C9	121.2 (3)
C1—C2—C3	127.8 (3)	C7—C8—C3	121.6 (3)
C1—C2—H2	116.1	C7—C8—H8	119.2
C3—C2—H2	116.1	C3—C8—H8	119.2
C8—C3—C4	119.0 (3)	C7—C9—C10^i	112.6 (3)
C8—C3—C2	120.4 (3)	C7—C9—H9A	109.1
C4—C3—C2	119.9 (3)	C10^i—C9—H9A	109.1
C5—C4—C3	117.3 (3)	C7—C9—H9B	109.1
C5—C4—C10	118.4 (3)	C10^i—C9—H9B	109.1
C3—C4—C10	123.0 (3)	H9A—C9—H9B	107.8
C6—C5—C4	121.1 (3)	C4—C10—C9^i	113.1 (3)
C6—C5—H5	119.5	C4—C10—H10A	109.0
C4—C5—H5	119.5	C9^i—C10—H10A	109.0
C5—C6—C7	120.7 (3)	C4—C10—H10B	109.0
C5—C6—H6	119.6	C9^i—C10—H10B	109.0
C7—C6—H6	119.6	H10A—C10—H10B	107.8

Symmetry code: (i) −x+2, −y+1, −z+1.