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Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are mostly monomeric enzymes which fold into a highly conserved (α/β)8 barrel, while their substrate specificity and inhibitor selectivity are determined by interaction with residues located in three highly variable external loops. The closely related human enzymes aldose reductase (AR or AKR1B1) and AKR1B10 are of biomedical interest because of their involvement in secondary diabetic complications (AR) and in cancer, e.g. hepatocellular carcinoma and smoking-related lung cancer (AKR1B10). After characterization of the IC50 values of both AKRs with a series of polyhalogenated compounds, 2,2′,3,3′,5,5′,6,6′-octafluoro-4,4′-biphenyldiol (JF0064) was identified as a lead inhibitor of both enzymes with a new scaffold (a 1,1′-biphenyl-4,4′-diol). An ultrahigh-resolution X-ray structure of the AR–­NADP+–JF0064 complex has been determined at 0.85 Å resolution, allowing it to be observed that JF0064 interacts with the catalytic residue Tyr48 through a negatively charged hydroxyl group (i.e. the acidic phenol). The non-competitive inhibition pattern observed for JF0064 with both enzymes suggests that this acidic hydroxyl group is also present in the case of AKR1B10. Moreover, the combination of surface lysine methylation and the introduction of K125R and V301L mutations enabled the determination of the X-ray crystallo­graphic structure of the corresponding AKR1B10–NADP+–JF0064 complex. Comparison of the two structures has unveiled some important hints for subsequent structure-based drug-design efforts.

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Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup1.pdf
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Text file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup4.txt
SHELXL log file.

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Gzipped compressed file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup5.gz
Ligand grade server information.

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Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup6.pdf
AKR1B10 distances

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Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup7.pdf
AKR1B10 r.m.s.d.s

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Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup8.pdf
AKR1B10 K125R.V301L istances

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Portable Document Format (PDF) file https://doi.org/10.1107/S1399004713033452/rr5047sup9.pdf
AKR1B10 K125R.V301L r.m.s.d.s

PDB references: AR–NADP+–JF0064 complex, 4igs; AKR1B10–NADP+–JF0064 complex, 4icc


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