Acta Crystallographica Section B

Structural Science

Volume 55, Part 5 (October 1999)


lead articles



Acta Cryst. (1999). B55, 627-663    [ doi:10.1107/S0108768199004000 ]

Structural chemistry of vanadium oxides with open frameworks

P. Y. Zavalij and M. S. Whittingham

Abstract: The present work is dedicated to a crystal-chemical and topographical analysis of vanadium oxides with open structures. The review covers, apart from a few exceptions, only pure vanadium oxide structures with vanadium in oxidation states greater than +3. Purely tetrahedral frameworks are not discussed because of their traditional, well known crystal chemistry and only a few examples of cluster compounds are provided. Structural classification and notation of vanadium oxide frameworks are proposed based on the following scheme: polyhedra [rightwards arrow] chain [rightwards arrow] layer [rightwards arrow] three-dimensional framework. Thus, approximately 60 types of vanadium oxide frameworks are divided into five classes by type of coordination polyhedra present and into 14 subclasses by a more complex structural formation. Details are also given of the analysis of vanadium-oxygen coordination polyhedra and their metamorphosis: tetrahedron-trigonal bipyramid-square pyramid-octahedron, as well as the combinatorial deduction of possible structures for the most common framework types.

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